Purpose: The objectives of this study were to develop a general purpose baler system that is appropriate for the domestic forage cultivation environment and operated by the medium size tractor for production of bale silage made of green forage crops, and to test its performance. Methods: In a first ...
Purpose: The objectives of this study were to develop a general purpose baler system that is appropriate for the domestic forage cultivation environment and operated by the medium size tractor for production of bale silage made of green forage crops, and to test its performance. Methods: In a first experiment, the time of formation per one bale and densities of bales that are produced from bale system, were measured. In a second experiment, power requirement was measured by a power measurement system manufactured during bale system work. Results: The power measurement system was constructed with strain-gage sensors to measure torque of a PTO axle and proximity sensor to measure rotating speed of a PTO axle. Thus, the power requirement was calculated by PTO torque and PTO rotating speed. For evaluation of bale quality, the samples of bales were analyzed for contents of moisture, ADF, NDF and TDN. Conclusions: If the results of this study will be utilized, the coefficient of utilization of agricultural machinery will be increased by the operation of a medium size tractor that is a major disseminated tractor in farm, and it will contribute tremendously to make a forage production base for livestock farms.
Purpose: The objectives of this study were to develop a general purpose baler system that is appropriate for the domestic forage cultivation environment and operated by the medium size tractor for production of bale silage made of green forage crops, and to test its performance. Methods: In a first experiment, the time of formation per one bale and densities of bales that are produced from bale system, were measured. In a second experiment, power requirement was measured by a power measurement system manufactured during bale system work. Results: The power measurement system was constructed with strain-gage sensors to measure torque of a PTO axle and proximity sensor to measure rotating speed of a PTO axle. Thus, the power requirement was calculated by PTO torque and PTO rotating speed. For evaluation of bale quality, the samples of bales were analyzed for contents of moisture, ADF, NDF and TDN. Conclusions: If the results of this study will be utilized, the coefficient of utilization of agricultural machinery will be increased by the operation of a medium size tractor that is a major disseminated tractor in farm, and it will contribute tremendously to make a forage production base for livestock farms.
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문제 정의
The objectives of this study were to develop a general purpose baler system operated by the medium size tractor for production of bale silage made of green forage crops, and to test its performance. In order to test the baler developed, time and required power were measured for production of a bale.
Therefore, the objectives of this study were to develop a general purpose baler system that is appropriate for the domestic forage cultivation environment and operated by the medium size tractor for production of bale silage made of green forage crops, and to test its performance.
제안 방법
In their study, they harvested green barley, rye, triticale, and forage wheat with baler cutting height of 5cm, 10 cm, and 20 cm. And they analyzed and reported the production quantity, quality and economics of forage crops according to the baler cutting heights. Kim et al.
In order to evaluate the bale system performance, the travel distance of baler was measured by a measuring tape and time was measured by a stop watch, for formation and discharging one roll of finished bale of green barley. For measuring the required power of bale operation of the baler tested, tractor and bale system was connected with the power measuring system as shown in Figure 4.
In order to evaluate the physical properties of bale, when the bale operation was finished, five rolls of bale were sampled randomly and their size, weight, and density were measured. For the nutrition evaluation of green barley forage, three rolls of bale were sampled randomly and 200 g of sample was taken from each roll.
In the study, a bale system (Figure 1) was designed and manufactured that could produce a round bale of 1.0 m diameter and 1.0 m width. This round bale system has 1.
(2009) investigated the effects of cutting heights of forage crops on productivity and quality of forage. In their study, they harvested green barley, rye, triticale, and forage wheat with baler cutting height of 5cm, 10 cm, and 20 cm. And they analyzed and reported the production quantity, quality and economics of forage crops according to the baler cutting heights.
Then those samples were officially analyzed for contents of moisture, ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber), NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber) by National Academy of Agricultural Science. TDN (Total Digestible Nutrients) was calculated by the Equation (2), based on the theory that TDN has a high correlation with the dry matter digestibility and amount of intake of ADF. All experiment procedures were performed on the basis of Test Method of Agricultural Baler at National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS, 2011).
대상 데이터
The performance test of bale system was carried out with green barley in Buyeo-gun, Chungchungnam-do Province. The properties of soil of the test field are shown in Table 2.
이론/모형
TDN (Total Digestible Nutrients) was calculated by the Equation (2), based on the theory that TDN has a high correlation with the dry matter digestibility and amount of intake of ADF. All experiment procedures were performed on the basis of Test Method of Agricultural Baler at National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS, 2011).
They developed a power measurement system and installed in a 75 kW agricultural tractor, and concluded that the power requirement of tractor was affected by the PTO rotational speed for baler operation. An energy saving model was selected by Freeland and Bledsoe (1988) for the fixed-geometry chamber type and variable-geometry chamber type baler. According to their work, energy required to form large round hay bales was affected by the operational procedure and baler chamber type.
성능/효과
By the preliminary test, it was found that tractor tires trod on forage crops, and as a results of this, the chopper of bale system could not cutting the crops and those trod crops were lost. Therefore, the bale system used in the test was not connected with the tractor in a straight line.
4 kW. The analyzed results of bale samples made of green barley showed that 66.3% moisture content, 10.7% ADF, 20.7% NDF, and 80.5% TDN.
후속연구
5%. If the results of this study will be utilized, the coefficient of utilization of agricultural machinery will be increased by the operation of a medium size tractor that is a major disseminated tractor in farm, and it will contribute tremendously to make a forage production base for livestock farms.
참고문헌 (6)
Freeland, R. S and B. L. Bledsoe. 1988. Energy required to form large round hay bales-effect of operational procedure and baler chamber type. TRANSACTIONS of the ASAE 31(1):63-67.
Jenkins B. M., D. Toenjes, J. B. Dobie and J. F. Arthur. 1985. Performance of large balers for collecting rice straw. TRANSACTIONS of the ASAE 28(2):360-363.
Kim, Y. J., D. H. Lee, S. O. Chung, S. J. Park and C. H. Choi. 2011. Analysis of power requirement of agricultural tractor during baler operation. Journal of Biosystems Engineering 36(4):243-251.
NAAS. 2011. Test Method of Agricultural Baler. South Korea.: National Academy of Agricultural Science. Available at: www.naas.go.kr. Accessed 5 October 2011.
Rummer, B., J. L. D. Canto, J. Klepac, P. Savoie and F. Seixas. 2011. Evaluation of two round baling systems for harvesting understory biomass. Biomass and Bioenergy, 35(2011):2163-2170.
Song, T. H., O. K. Han, T. I. Park, J. H. Seo, S. K. Yun and K. H. Park. 2009. Effects of cutting height on productivity, feed value and economical efficiency of winter cereal crops for forage. The Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture 21(4):322-326.
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