[논문]비선형 시스템의 상태변수 추정기법 동향

장홍; 최수항; 이재형

doi:10.5302/j.icros.2014.14.9015

[국내논문] 비선형 시스템의 상태변수 추정기법 동향
A Survey on State Estimation of Nonlinear Systems 원문보기

제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 = Journal of institute of control, robotics and systems, v.20 no.3, 2014년, pp.277 - 288

장홍 (한국과학기술원 생명화학공학과) , 최수항 (한국과학기술원 생명화학공학과) , 이재형 (한국과학기술원 생명화학공학과)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

This article reviews various state estimation methods for nonlinear systems, particularly with a perspective of a process control engineer. Nonlinear state estimation methods can be classified into the following two categories: stochastic approaches and deterministic approaches. The current review compares the Bayesian approach, which is mainly a stochastic approach, and the MHE (Moving Horizon Estimation) approach, which is mainly a deterministic approach. Though both methods are reviewed, emphasis is given to the latter as it is particularly well-suited to highly nonlinear systems with slow sampling rates, which are common in chemical process applications. Recent developments in underlying theories and supporting numerical algorithms for MHE are reviewed. Thanks to these developments, applications to large-scale and complex chemical processes are beginning to show up but they are still limited at this point owing to the high numerical complexity of the method.

주제어

질의응답

핵심어	질문	논문에서 추출한 답변
	상태란 무엇인가	상태 또는 상태 변수(state)는 시스템(system)의 특성과 동적 (dynamic) 거동을 설명하기 위해 필요한 과거 또는 현재 정보를 말한다. 동적 시스템을 상태 변수로 해석하면 해당 공정을 정확하고 간편하게 관찰(monitoring)할 수 있고, 효과적으로 제어(control)할 수 있다.
	상태 추정 기법 중 확률론적 접근법의 대표적인 예는 무엇이 있는가	상태 추정 기법은 크게 확률론적(stochastic) 접근법과 결정론적(deterministic) 접근 방법으로 나눈다. 대표적인 확률론적 접근법으로 상태 변수에 대한 조건부 확률밀도함수(conditional probability-density-function)를 회귀적(recursive)으로 계산하는 방법인 베이지안(Bayesian) 접근법이 있다. 결정론적 접근법의 대표적인 예로는 측정치와 예측치(prediction data)의 오차(error)를 최소화(minimization)하는 문제를 정의하여 푸는 최적화(optimization) 기반의 접근법이 있다.
	물리적 모델에서 상태 변수는 무엇인가	동적 시스템은 상태 변수로 이루어진 모델(model)로 표현 가능하며, 이는 물리적 법칙에 따르는 모델 혹은 실험적인 모델일 수 있다. 물리적 모델에서 상태 변수는 원론적인(first- principle) 물리 현상을 나타내는 미분방정식(differential equation) 또는 차분방정식(difference equation)의 종속 변수 (dependent variable)이며, 실험적 모델에서 상태 변수는 일차 또는 이차 이상의 경험식(empirical equation)의 종속 변수이다.

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