[논문]주의 단서 수준에 따른 자폐 범주성 장애 아동의 공동주의집중 반응 연구

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doi:10.21187/jmhb.2014.11.1.021

주의 단서 수준에 따른 자폐 범주성 장애 아동의 공동주의집중 반응 연구
Differential Response to Joint Attention in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Depending on the Level of Attentional Cues 원문보기

인간행동과 음악연구 = Journal of music and human behavior, v.11 no.1, 2014년, pp.21 - 37

유가을 (이화여자대학교 일반대학원 음악치료학과)

초록
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자폐 범주성 장애 아동은 초기 사회-의사소통 기술 중 하나인 공동주의집중에 있어 심각한 장애를 보인다. 이로 인해 언어 및 인지, 사회성 발달에도 어려움을 겪는 것으로 보고되고 있어, 공동주의집중을 평가하거나 향상시키고자 하는 다양한 연구들이 진행되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 음악적 단서를 포함해 주의를 유도하는 단서 수준에 따라 자폐 범주성 장애 아동의 공동주의집중에 반응하기(Responding to joint attention: RJA) 행동이 어떻게 달라지는지 보고자 하였다. 평균 연령이 65.3개월인 총 9명의 아동이 본 연구에 참여하였다. 1회로 진행된 평가 세션 동안에는 주의를 유도하는 총 8개의 단서가 사용되었다. 전달하고자 하는 정보량에 따라 네 가지 수준의 단서가 구성되었고, 각각의 단서는 언어적 및 음악적으로 제시되었다. 자폐 아동들은 음악적 단서가 제시되었을 때, 언어적 단서가 제시된 시도에 비해 이전 표적 자극에서 주의를 철회해 새로운 자극으로 전환시키는 시도가 증가하고, 공동주의집중에 반응하기 행동의 정확도 또한 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 단서 유형에 따른 비교에 있어서는, 아동의 이름을 부른 후 주의를 유도하는 단서가 손가락으로 가리키기와 함께 음악적으로 제시되었을 때 주의 전환 시도 및 공동주의집중 행동의 정확도가 가장 높았다. 이러한 결과는 음악적 요소가 포함된 주의 단서가 주의 전환을 효과적으로 유도하고, 전달되는 정보의 정확한 처리를 촉진시킬 수 있음을 시사한다. 또한 이는 자폐 범주성 장애 아동의 공동주의집중을 목표로 하는 조기 중재 시 음악의 효과적인 사용에 대한 근거를 제시할 것으로 사료된다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The significant role of joint attention in the development of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has highlighted the importance of early intervention. With the emphasis on the effective cueing and reinforcer for orienting to social stimuli in improving responding to joint attention (RJA) of children with ASD, the use of musical cue was hypothesized. This study aimed to examine the occurrence of RJA behaviors depending on the attentional cue, which differed in the level of information and type of auditory modality. Nine children with ASD participated in this study. The use of eight different joint attention cues were analyzed in terms of the frequency and accuracy of RJA behaviors elicited. The results of the study showed that RJA behaviors occurred more frequently with musical cues than with verbal cues and the mean accuracy rate of RJA was higher with musical cues (p = .047). Musically delivered eliciting and directing cues accompanied with pointing elicited the highest attentional shift and RJA accuracy. The significant increases in RJA with the use of musical cues indicated that incorporating musical elements into an attentional cue may provide more accurate cue information, enough to improve RJA behaviors of children with autism.

주제어

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문제 정의

It should be also considered that this study was designed to assess the behaviors of children during a one-time observation. Because of the nature of autism, the variables of an unfamiliar adult present and a new environment may also have contributed to the weak RJA performance.
Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the emergence of joint attention behaviors following attentional cues that differed in the level of information and type of auditory modality. This study focused on responding to joint attention (RJA) that emerges at earlier stage and is considered pivotal in understanding language, behaviors, and intentions of a social partner.
Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the emergence of joint attention behaviors following attentional cues that differed in the level of information and type of auditory modality. This study focused on responding to joint attention (RJA) that emerges at earlier stage and is considered pivotal in understanding language, behaviors, and intentions of a social partner. Research questions are the followings:
This study yielded interesting results that suggest promise for the design of effective music therapy intervention for joint attention behaviors of children with ASD. However, such intervention should be applied and generalized with caution.

가설 설정

1. Are there significant differences in attentional shift of children with ASD between musical cues are provided and when verbal cues are provided?
3. Are there significant differences in attentional shift and the accuracy of RJA behaviors of children with ASD depending on the attentional cues differed in terms of the incorporation of musical elements, the level of information and visual cues utilized?
, 2007). The researchers proposed that sufficient redundancy of information within a cue increased RJA behaviors. Based on the previous research findings, observed increases in RJA behaviors with the use of musical cues in this study imply that incorporating musical elements into an attentional cue may add enough information to improve RJA.

제안 방법

Each participant received an approximately 20-minute of RJA assessment session. Singing a hello song and a goodbye song was implemented as opening and closing to build a rapport with each child and facilitate his/her transition to a new environment.
, “Peter, look at this”), which contains increasing attention-specific information in sequence. In this study, all attentional cues were combined with gaze shift. For the highest level of attentional cue, a pointing gesture was added to a combination cue of eliciting and directing with gaze shift, to provide highly redundant information of attentional cueing (see Table 2).
To corroborate the validity of the investigator’s data analysis, the data were randomly selected and coded by the second observer, a board-certified music therapist who was blind to the purpose of this study. The observer was provided the recording data with the elimination of sounds to minimize the potential bias when assessing behaviors following musical cues. An interrater reliability calculated was found to be Kappa = .
The purpose of this study was to examine the responding to joint attention (RJA) behaviors following attentional cues that differed in the level of information and type of auditory modality. Measuring the frequency of attentional shift showed that children with ASD made little response to joint attention cues across the trials (M = 0.
To corroborate the validity of the investigator’s data analysis, the data were randomly selected and coded by the second observer, a board-certified music therapist who was blind to the purpose of this study.
To validate the inclusion of children with autistic disorder and children with PDD-NOS in one group with autistic disorder, a Levene’s test was conducted.

대상 데이터

Nine young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) participated in this study. The mean age of the children was 65.
This study was conducted in a quiet place within the daycare center or the kindergarten where the children attended. The place was set up to minimize distractible materials and equipment.

성능/효과

2. Are there significant differences in the accuracy of RJA behaviors of children with ASD when musical cues are provided and when verbal cues are provided?

후속연구

This indicates that simply creating a musical stimulus may not be sufficient in itself to facilitate the child’s processing of the information to the full extent. Considering that this study was implemented as a one-time assessment, further study will be needed for more conclusive evidence. Still, significant increases in both RJA frequency and accuracy with the use of musical cues suggest the potential of musical cues to produce more frequent and accurate RJA behaviors of children with ASD.
However, such intervention should be applied and generalized with caution. Further studies should include larger sample sizes to attain more reliable results. The inclusion criteria of participation in this study was limited to age and diagnosis, without consideration for other diagnostic assessment and the developmental levels of each child.
In addition, the extent to which such familiarity affects the responses of children with autism should be considered. Further, an investigation on the threshold necessary to induce remarkable changes in relation to the level of each musical element is also needed.
Because of the nature of autism, the variables of an unfamiliar adult present and a new environment may also have contributed to the weak RJA performance. Future studies should be structured to address the need to build initial familiarity with both a partner and an environment. In addition, the extent to which such familiarity affects the responses of children with autism should be considered.

표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

연합인증

주의 단서 수준에 따른 자폐 범주성 장애 아동의 공동주의집중 반응 연구
Differential Response to Joint Attention in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Depending on the Level of Attentional Cues 원문보기

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주의 단서 수준에 따른 자폐 범주성 장애 아동의 공동주의집중 반응 연구 Differential Response to Joint Attention in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Depending on the Level of Attentional Cues 원문보기

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Differential Response to Joint Attention in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Depending on the Level of Attentional Cues 원문보기

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