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학교적응의 예측변인에 대한 메타분석
A Meta-Analysis on the Predictor Variables of the School Adjustment of Youth 원문보기

兒童學會誌 = Korean journal of child studies, v.35 no.2, 2014년, pp.1 - 23  

이지언 (이화여자대학교 일반대학원 사회복지학과) ,  정익중 (이화여자대학교 사회복지학과) ,  백종림 (이화여자대학교 사회복지전문대학원)

Abstract AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

The purpose of this research was to investigate the most critical variables in the school adjustment of youth. In addition, this research assessed the impact of variables according to the categorization of individual, family, and school domains. To acquire the effect sizes, published studies between...

주제어

AI 본문요약
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문제 정의

  • 따라서 본 연구에서는 1990년대부터 2012년까지 국내에서 수행된 학교적응 관련 석∙박사 학위논문 및 학술지 논문들을 메타분석하여 학교적응의 주요 영향변인들의 결과를 체계적으로 표준화시키고 통합하여 제시하고자 한다. 이는 학교부적응을 예방하기 위한 프로그램을 개발하는데 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이며 아동∙청소년의 학교 적응을 위한 실천적 개입 방안을 모색하는데 있어 논리적 근거를 제시해 줄 수 있을 것이다.
  • 본 연구는 다양한 선행연구에서 발표된 학교 적응에 영향을 미치는 관련변인들의 영향력을 체계화하고 효과크기의 결과를 통합하기 위해 1991년부터 2012년까지의 국내에서 발표된 석∙박사학위논문 및 학술지에 게재된 논문을 대상으로 메타분석을 실시하였다. 주요 연구결과와 논의를 정리하면 다음과 같다.
  • 본 연구는 어떠한 변인들이 아동∙청소년 학교적응에 결정적인 영향을 미치는지 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 국내에서 발표된 아동∙청소년 학교적응 관련 연구들 가운데 아동∙청소년의 학교적응을 종속변인으로 하는 논문들을 수집하여 메타분석을 활용하여 상관계수의 평균효과크기를 구함으로써 아동∙청소년 학교적응에 영향을 미치는 변인들의 효과크기를 비교∙분석하였다.

가설 설정

  • 랜덤효과모형은 각각의 연구들이 하나의 모집단으로부터 랜덤하게 추출된 표본연구라는 가정 하에 이루어지게 되며, 고정효과모형은 코딩과 관련한 연구논문들의 특성과 조절변수 등 분산의 출처에 대한 규명이 가능하다는 가정을 갖는다. 또한 혼합모형은 분산이 일부는 체계적이고 일부는 랜덤효과일 수 있다는 가정을 전제한다. 본 연구에서는 동질성 검증을 통해 연구에 포함된 연구들이 하나의 모집단으로부터 랜덤하게 추출된 표본이라는 가정을 바탕으로 하고 있는 랜덤효과모형을 적용하였다.
  • 동질성 검증결과, 효과크기 및 상관계수의 크기가 이질적인 분포를 보일 경우 가정에 따라 랜덤효과모형과 고정효과모형, 그리고 혼합모형으로 구분된다. 랜덤효과모형은 각각의 연구들이 하나의 모집단으로부터 랜덤하게 추출된 표본연구라는 가정 하에 이루어지게 되며, 고정효과모형은 코딩과 관련한 연구논문들의 특성과 조절변수 등 분산의 출처에 대한 규명이 가능하다는 가정을 갖는다. 또한 혼합모형은 분산이 일부는 체계적이고 일부는 랜덤효과일 수 있다는 가정을 전제한다.
본문요약 정보가 도움이 되었나요?

질의응답

핵심어 질문 논문에서 추출한 답변
학교는 아동∙청소년들에게 어떤 장소인가? 아동∙청소년들은 학교에서 학업을 지속하고 자신의 발달과업과 관련된 활동들을 경험하며 성인기를 준비하기 위한 사회화 과정을 거치게 된다. 학교는 자신에 대한 긍정적인 자아상을 확립하고, 교사나 또래등 타인과 의미 있는 관계를 맺으며 학교의 규범과 규칙에 맞춰 생활하는 복합적 의미를 지닌 장소이자 하나의 작은 사회이다(Kim, 2009). 또한 학교는 인지적 발달 강화와 사회∙정서적 기능 강화를 통해 건강한 아동∙청소년을 육성해 내는 곳이다(Durlak, Weissberg, Dymnicki, Taylor, & Schellinger, 2011). 아동∙청소년기에 경험하는 인간관계의 특성은 학교생활에 영향을 줄 뿐만 아니라 향후 대인관계의 형태와 질을 결정하는 데도 중요한 영향을 미친다.
학부모가 학업 성적만을 기준으로 자녀를 통제함으로써 발생하는 아동∙청소년의 학업성적에 대한 심리적 불안감은 어떤 문제를 야기하는가? 학부모는 자녀에게 자신보다 더 많은 것을 성취하도록 무의식적으로 기대하게 되고(Kim, 2011) 시험 성적만으로 자녀의 성취 수준을 확인하기 때문에 자녀를 지나치게 감독하고 통제 하려는 경향이 있다. 이는 아동∙청소년의 자살, 가출, 그리고 학교 부적응 등의 병리적인 현상을 초래하고 있다. 아동∙청소년의 민주시민 역량 국제비교 및 지원체계 개발 연구보고서에 의하면, 학교 내 교사와 학생들과의 관계에 대한 인식에서 라틴아메리카의 교사와 학생간의 관계는 가장 친밀한 것으로 나타난 반면, 한국은 그 관계가 매우 낮은 수준인 것으로 보고되 었다(National Youth Policy Institute․Korean Educational Development Institute, 2012).
아동∙청소년의 학교부적응 문제는 어떤 청소년 문제를 발생시키는가? 따라서 아동∙청소년의 발달과업이 이루어지는 학교는 아동∙청소년들에게 많은 영향을 주는 주요한 생활공간이 되며 학교적응 그 자체가 발달과업들 중 하나에 포함된다(Rutter, 1985). 그러나 과거와는 달리 학교 내 부적응 문제를 호소하는 아동∙청소년들이 증가하고 있으며 학교부적응 문제는 학교폭력, 약물중독, 비행, 가출, 자살, 무단결석 등 청소년문제의 직접적인 원인이 되고 있다.
질의응답 정보가 도움이 되었나요?

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