BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the antioxidant activities and hepatoprotective effects of Schisandra chinensis Baillon extract (SCE) against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative hepatic damage in rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were pretreated with SCE...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the antioxidant activities and hepatoprotective effects of Schisandra chinensis Baillon extract (SCE) against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative hepatic damage in rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were pretreated with SCE (300, 600, and 1,200 mg/kg BW) or saline once daily for 14 consecutive days. On day 14, each animal, except those belonging to the normal control group, were injected with t-BHP (0.8 mmol/kg BW/i.p.), and all of the rats were sacrificed 16 h after t-BHP injection. RESULTS: Although no significant differences in AST and ALT levels were observed among the TC and SCE groups, the high-dose SCE group showed a decreasing tendency compared to the TC group. However, erythrocyte SOD activity showed a significant increase in the low-dose SCE group compared with the TC group. On the other hand, no significant differences in hepatic total glutathione (GSH) level, glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were observed among the TC and SCE groups. Hepatic histopathological evaluation revealed that pretreatment with SCE resulted in reduced t-BHP-induced incidence of lesions, such as neutrophil infiltration, swelling of liver cells, and necrosis. In particular, treatment with a high dose of SCE resulted in induction of phase II antioxidant/detoxifying enzyme expression, such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, we conclude that SCE exerts protective effects against t-BHP induced oxidative hepatic damage through the reduction of neutrophil infiltration, swelling of liver cells, and necrosis. In addition, SCE regulates the gene expression of phase II antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes independent of hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the antioxidant activities and hepatoprotective effects of Schisandra chinensis Baillon extract (SCE) against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative hepatic damage in rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were pretreated with SCE (300, 600, and 1,200 mg/kg BW) or saline once daily for 14 consecutive days. On day 14, each animal, except those belonging to the normal control group, were injected with t-BHP (0.8 mmol/kg BW/i.p.), and all of the rats were sacrificed 16 h after t-BHP injection. RESULTS: Although no significant differences in AST and ALT levels were observed among the TC and SCE groups, the high-dose SCE group showed a decreasing tendency compared to the TC group. However, erythrocyte SOD activity showed a significant increase in the low-dose SCE group compared with the TC group. On the other hand, no significant differences in hepatic total glutathione (GSH) level, glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were observed among the TC and SCE groups. Hepatic histopathological evaluation revealed that pretreatment with SCE resulted in reduced t-BHP-induced incidence of lesions, such as neutrophil infiltration, swelling of liver cells, and necrosis. In particular, treatment with a high dose of SCE resulted in induction of phase II antioxidant/detoxifying enzyme expression, such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, we conclude that SCE exerts protective effects against t-BHP induced oxidative hepatic damage through the reduction of neutrophil infiltration, swelling of liver cells, and necrosis. In addition, SCE regulates the gene expression of phase II antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes independent of hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity.
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문제 정의
In addition, its various dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, including schisandrin, schisandrin B, and gomisin A, have been shown to exert antioxidant activities and hepatoprotective effects in vitro [15] and in vivo [16,17]. This study investigated the endogenous antioxidant capacity of SCE as an exogenous antioxidant dietary source against t-BHP-induced oxidative hepatic damage in rats.
제안 방법
The content of schisandrin (8.3 mg per 100 g SCE) as a marker compound of the Schisandra chinensis Baillon extract was analyzed by HPLC (Waters Alliance HPLC Systems, USA) using a Luna C18 column (4.5 × 250 mm, 5 μm, Phenomenex Inc., Torrance, CA, USA).
, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Korea) were individually housed in stainless steel wire-mesh cages under laboratory conditions of 23 ± 1℃ with a 12 h light / 12 h dark cycle and 45 ± 5% humidity. Rats (200-220 g, n = 60) were fed a commercial pellet diet (Samyang, Seoul, Korea) for seven days for acclimatization and randomized into six groups: NC, normal control; TC, t-BHP control; SCE-L, 300 mg/kg BW SCE; SCE-M, 600 mg/kg BW SCE; and SCE-H, 1,200 mg/kg BW SCE. Prior to t-BHP injection, the animals received daily administration of SCE by gavage for 14 days.
Hepatic HO-1, GST, GCLC, and GCLM mRNA levels were measured using quantitative RT-PCR in order to determine the effects of SCE on phase II detoxification and antioxidant enzymes (Fig. 3). HO-1 expression in the TC group tended to be higher than that observed in the NC group.
대상 데이터
Schisandra chinensis Baillon (Mungyeong, Gyeongbuk, Korea) was provided by the Rural Development Administration (Suwon, Gyeonggi, Korea). The fruits of Schisandra chinensis Baillon (100 g) were extracted with 1 L of 60% ethanol at 60℃ for 6 h.
데이터처리
The significance of the differences between the NC and TC groups was analyzed using the Student‘s t-test (**P ≤ 0.01).
The significance of the differences between the NC and TC groups was analyzed by Student’s t-test (*P ≤ 0.05).
The significance of the differences between the TC and SCEs groups was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Dunnett’s multiple-comparison test (#P ≤ 0.05 and ##P ≤ 0.01).
Each bar represents the mean ± S.E. The significance of the differences between the NC and TC groups was analyzed by Student’s t-test (** P ≤ 0.01).
The significance of the differences between the TC and SCEs groups was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Dunnett’s multiple-comparison test (#P ≤ 0.05 and ##P ≤ 0.01).
The significance of the differences between the TC and SCEs groups was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Dunnett’s multiple-comparison test (##P ≤ 0.01).
이론/모형
The relative amounts of these mRNAs were normalized to the amount of β-actin, and the relative amounts of the RNAs were calculated using the comparative CT method.
Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were measured using commercial kits (Asan Pharmaceutical, Seoul, Korea) based on the method developed by Reitman-Frankel. Absorbance was determined using a microplate reader (Eon Microplate Spectrophotometer, BioTek Instruments, Inc, Winooski, Vermont, USA) at 505 nm.
cDNA was synthesized using a High-Capacity RNA-to-cDNA kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Quantitative RT-PCR was performed using the TaqMan method with the Step-One-Plus RT-PCR System (Applied Biosystems). The primer sets for the target genes were Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1, Rn01536933_m1), glutathione S-transferase (GST, Rn01446656_m1), glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC, Rn00689046_m1), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM, Rn00568900_m1), and β-actin (Rn0066 7869_m1).
The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of the erythrocytes were determined using the method developed by Miquel [18]. One unit of SOD was defined as the amount of enzyme that inhibits 50% of cytochrome c in a xanthine-xanthine oxidase system.
성능/효과
In addition, GCL is the rate-limiting enzyme in the overall glutathione synthesis pathway. In this study, no significant differences in hepatic total glutathione (GSH) level, glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were observed among the TC and SCE groups. On the other hand, treatment with a high dose of SCE resulted in induction of phase II antioxidant/detoxifying enzyme expression, such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC).
0097, respectively). No significant difference in the GCLM mRNA level was observed between the TC and SCEs groups, although the SCE-H group showed an increasing tendency compared to the levels observed in the TC group.
Intake of exogenous antioxidant compounds from a dietary source that enhances the biological antioxidant systems can prevent oxidative damage [12]. In this study, pretreatment with a low dose of SCE prevented the decrease in the erythrocyte SOD activity induced by t-BHP. However, catalase activities did not differ significantly among the groups.
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