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NTIS 바로가기의학교육논단 = Korean medical education review, v.16 no.3, 2014년, pp.132 - 140
Higher education is under unprecedented pressure for quality improvement and cost containment/reduction due to global competition and ever-increasing tuition costs. These twin challenges require an unconventional approach, and massive open online courses (MOOCs) and flipped learning have recently em...
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핵심어 | 질문 | 논문에서 추출한 답변 |
---|---|---|
전통적으로 대학교육은 어떤 역할을 담당했는가? | 전통적으로 대학교육은 국가가 필요로 하는 엘리트를 양성하는 역할을 담당하였다. 따라서 필요한 재원도 국가가 지원하였으며 유럽의 경우는 대학등록금을 전적으로 국가가 부담하는 사례들을 흔히 볼 수 있다. | |
한국대학들이 정부에 줄기차게 요구하는 두 가지 사항은 무엇인가? | 이와 관련하여 한국대학들이 정부에 줄기차게 요구하는 두 가지 사항은 (1) 고등교육 재정투자 규모를 GDP (gross domestic product) 대비 1% 수준으로 늘릴 것, (2) 초중등교육을 위한 지방교육재정교부금법과 같은 고등교육재정교부금법을 제정하는 것이다. 하지만 복지예산의 확대로 인해 교육예산을 대폭 늘리는 것은 거의 불가능하며 또한 재정적 지원 또한 대학 대신에 학생들에게 학자금 형태로 직접 지원하는 방향으로 바뀌고 있다. | |
대학등록금이 소비자가 부담하는 형태가 된 이유는 무엇인가? | 따라서 필요한 재원도 국가가 지원하였으며 유럽의 경우는 대학등록금을 전적으로 국가가 부담하는 사례들을 흔히 볼 수 있다. 하지만 대학교육도 엘리트교육에서 대중교육으로 전환됨에 따라 소비자가 부담하는 형태로 바뀌었다. 대학의 등록금이 너무 올라서 학생들이 부담하기 힘든 지경에 이르렀고 ‘반값등록금’ 형태의 정치적, 사회적 이슈가 되었다. |
Bergmann, J., & Sams, A. (2012). Flip your classroom: Reach every student in every class every day. Eugene: International Society for Technology in Education.
Borden, J. (2014, August 26). MOOCs are dead: Long live the MOOC. Retrieved from http://www.wired.com
Crouch, C. H., & Mazur, E. (2001). Peer instruction: Ten years of experience and results. Am J Phys, 69(9), 970-977.
Deslauriers, L., Schelew, E., & Wieman, C. (2011). Improved learning in a large-enrollment physics class. Science, 332(6031), 862-864.
Friedman, T. (2013, January 26). Revolution hits the universities. The New York Times.
Graham, C. R., Woodfield, W., & Harrison, J. B. (2013). A framework for institutional adoption and implementation of blended learning in higher education. Internet High Educ, 18, 4-14.
Hollands, F. M., & Tirthali, D. (2014). MOOCs: Expectations and reality. New York: Center for Benefit-Cost Studies of Education, Teachers College, Columbia University.
Johnson, L., Smith, R., Willis, H., Levine, A., & Haywood, K. (2011). The 2011 Horizon Report. Austin: The New Media Consortium.
Johnson, L., Adams Becker, S., Estrada, V., & Freeman, A. (2014). NMC Horizon Report: 2014 higher education edition. Austin: The New Media Consortium.
Im, J. & Beum, S. (2012). Innovation for higher education through e-education: IT-enabled active learning: Communications of the Korea Information Science Society. Korea Inf Sci Soc, 30(5), 48-55.
Im, J. (2014, April 21). Flipped classroom and learning in higher education: UNIST case study. UNESCO Bangkok Newsletter (Invited paper).
Kolowich, S. (2013, April 10). California State U. System will expand MOOC experiment. The Chronicle of Higher Education.
Kolowich, S. (2013, May 2). Why professors at San Jose State won't use a Harvard professor's MOOC. The Chronicle of Higher Education.
Leckart, S. (2012, March 12). The Stanford education experiment could change higher learning forever. Retrieved from http://www.wired.com/2012/03/ff_aiclass/
Meyer, L. (2014, July 16). EdX partners with Saudi Arabia on MOOC portal women, youth, disabled and rural citizens. Retrieved from http://campustechnology.com/articles/2014/07/16/edx-partners-with-saudiarabia-on-mooc-portal-women-youth-disabled-and-rural-citizens.aspx
MIT News. (2014, January 21). MIT and Harvard release working papers on open online courses. Retrieved from http://newsoffice.mit.edu/2014/mit-and-harvard-release-working-papers-on-open-online-courses-0121
MIT. (2014, July 28). Institute-wide task force on the future of MIT education: Final report. Retrieved from http://web.mit.edu/future-report/TaskForceFinal_July28.pdf
New, J. (2013, October 10). Coursera, edX strike MOOC deals in China, eCampus News. Retrieved from http://www.ecampusnews.com/top-news/chinacoursera-mooc-edx-177/
Pappano, L. (2012, November 2). The year of the MOOC. The New York Times.
Prober, C. G., & Heath, C. (2012). Lecture halls without lectures: A proposal for medical education. N Engl J Med, 366(18), 1657-1659.
Rao, D. (2014, April 2). Who should you follow: Michael Porter or Clayton Christensen? Forbes.
Reif, L. R. (2013, September 26). MIT's president: Better, more affordable colleges start online. TIME. Retrieved from http://nation.time.com/2013/09/26/online-learning-will-make-college-cheaper-it-will-also-make-it-better/
Sonicfoundry. (2014). Just flip it: From the front lines of the flipped classroom. Retrieved from http://www.sonicfoundry.com/white-paper/just-flip-it-frontlines-flipped-classroom
Sophia, & Flipped Learning Network. (2014). Growth in flipped learning. Retrieved from http://www.sophia.org/flipped-classroom-survey
Standbury, M. (2014, August 28). Are MOOCs really dead? eCampus News. Retrived from http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/29203122#/29203122/12
Stanford School of Medicine. (2014). Interactive learning. Retrieved from http://med.stanford.edu/smili/interactive-learning/
The Chronicle of Higher Education. (2013, November 7). Will MOOCs change the Way professors handle the classroom? Retrieved from http://chronicle.com/article/Will-MOOCs-Change-Campus/142869/
The Chronicle of Higher Education. (2014). The innovative university: What college presidents think about change in American higher education. Retrieved from http://strategicplanning.fairfield.edu/sites/default/files/innovative_university_140516.pdf
Twigg, C. A. (2003, September/October). Improving learning and reducing costs: New models for online learning. EDUCAUSE Rev. Retrieved from http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/erm0352.pdf
UPenn GSE. (2013, December 5). Penn GSE study shows MOOCs have relatively few active users, with only a few persisting to course end. Retrieved from http://goo.gl/L5lLhJ
Wieman, C. (2007). Why not try a scientific approach to science education? Change, 39(5), 9-15.
Youtube. (2013). Clayton Christensen interview with Mark Suster at Startup Grind 2013. Retrieved from http://youtu.be/KYVdf5xyD8I
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