[논문]교차소득 주거입지결정 요인에 관한 연구: 미국 오하이오주 프랜클린 카운티의 사례

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doi:10.23841/egsk.2015.18.4.450

교차소득 주거입지결정 요인에 관한 연구: 미국 오하이오주 프랜클린 카운티의 사례
Determinants of Cross-Income Residential Location Decisions in the United States: The Case of Franklin County 원문보기

이 연구는 가구소득수준과 이사간 지역의 소득이 일치하지 않는, 교차소득 주거입지결정 요인에 관하여 분석하였다. 연구대상지는 미국 중서부, 오하이오 주에 위치한 프랜클린 카운티로서 1999년 오하이오 주립대학에서 자가거주 가구들을 대상으로 실시한 주거입지선택 결정요인에 관한 설문자료를 바탕으로 분석하였다. 연구방법으로는 설문에 참여한 가구와 프랜클린 카운티 내의 근린지구의 소득수준을 저, 중, 고소득으로 나눈 후 각 가구계층별로 교차소득 주거입지결정 요인에 관하여 다항로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과에 따르면 중산층 가구가 상위계층 지역으로 이주하는 이유는 학군과 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났으며 저소득계층 지역으로 이주하는 이유는 투자목적 때문인 것으로 나타났다.

This study examines why families move to neighborhoods at different levels of income. By analyzing a survey dataset of homeowners who sold and bought a house in 1999 in Franklin County, Ohio, in USA on their mobility decisions, this study examined the factors associated with cross-income residential location decisions. I categorized both survey respondents and neighborhoods into low-, middle-, and high-income levels and ran multinomial logit analyses for each of the low-, middle-, and high-income family groups to examine why families moved to neighborhoods at different levels of income. The analysis suggests that middle-income families moved to high-income neighborhoods because of school reputation and moved to low-income neighborhoods because of investment purposes.

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문제 정의

Instead, this study examines why families move to neighborhoods that do not match their income levels—cross-income residential location decisions— by analyzing survey data on homeowners’ location decisions in Franklin County, the main county of the Columbus Metropolitan Area, in Ohio. By examining why families make cross-income residential location decisions, this study will provide insights on why middle-income neighborhoods are disappearing faster than middle-income families do.
Rather this study provides some insights to the question, which seems to be hard to answer. This study found that middle-income families move to low-income neighborhoods for investment purposes and move to high-income neighborhoods for advantages such as better school quality. Low-income homeowners’ opportunity to move up can be significantly limited by a lack of middle-income neighborhoods (Booza et al.
Although most studies on residential mobility are based on people’s stated preferences in housing and neighborhoods, this study examined the determinants of cross-income residential location decisions by using the data of households’ revealed preferences. Thus, this study provides a stronger basis on cross-income residential location decisions in housing and neighborhoods. This study also has limitations such as using data obtained only from homeowners and for a county.

제안 방법

Although most studies on residential mobility are based on people’s stated preferences in housing and neighborhoods, this study examined the determinants of cross-income residential location decisions by using the data of households’ revealed preferences.
The dependent variable is the neighborhood income level that individual households chose. Although the primary focus of this study is on middle-income families and neighborhoods, I ran three models to see the differences with other income groups: a model of middle-income families that moved to low-, middle-, and high-income neighborhoods; a model of high-income families that moved to low-, middle- and high-income neighborhoods; and a model of low-income families that moved to low-, middle- and high-income neighborhoods.
In the beginning of this study, I asked why families move to neighborhoods at different levels of income. By analyzing the survey dataset for recent homebuyers in Franklin County, Ohio, this study examined the factors associated with cross-income residential decisions. Although most studies on residential mobility are based on people’s stated preferences in housing and neighborhoods, this study examined the determinants of cross-income residential location decisions by using the data of households’ revealed preferences.
²⁾ As an extension of logistic regression analysis, multinomial logit regression analysis is used when the dependent variable has more than two discrete outcomes. Given that this study examines factors associated with mov-ing to neighborhoods at different levels of income for families in each income group at low-, middle-, and high-income levels, multinomial regression analysis fits well for this study.
Instead, this study examines why families move to neighborhoods that do not match their income levels—cross-income residential location decisions— by analyzing survey data on homeowners’ location decisions in Franklin County, the main county of the Columbus Metropolitan Area, in Ohio.

대상 데이터

The study area in this study is Franklin County, the main county of the Columbus Metropolitan Area, in Ohio. Franklin County had a population of 1,163,414 in 2010 and its population growth rates were 12% between 1990 and 2000 and 9% between 2000 and 2010 (US Census Bureau, 2014).
This study used the Homeowner survey dataset for Franklin County. The survey was conducted by the Ohio State University in 1999 for repeated homebuyers and asked the respondents about their mobility decisions.

성능/효과

This study found that school reputation was a factor for middle-income families’ cross-income movements. The model estimates showed that the probability of moving to high-income neighborhoods increases with the importance of school reputation for middle-income families. Along with this fact, the importance of school reputation was negatively related to high-income families’ movements to middle-income neighborhoods.

후속연구

This study also has limitations such as using data obtained only from homeowners and for a county. Future studies will need to include renters and expand the study area for generalizability of the findings in this study.

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교차소득 주거입지결정 요인에 관한 연구: 미국 오하이오주 프랜클린 카운티의 사례
Determinants of Cross-Income Residential Location Decisions in the United States: The Case of Franklin County 원문보기

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교차소득 주거입지결정 요인에 관한 연구: 미국 오하이오주 프랜클린 카운티의 사례 Determinants of Cross-Income Residential Location Decisions in the United States: The Case of Franklin County 원문보기

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교차소득 주거입지결정 요인에 관한 연구: 미국 오하이오주 프랜클린 카운티의 사례
Determinants of Cross-Income Residential Location Decisions in the United States: The Case of Franklin County 원문보기

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