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가설 설정
- The purpose of this study was which type would best activate the GMED muscle activity while minimizing TFL muscle activity. We hypothesized that GMED and TFL muscle activity would increase during isometric hip adduction and abduction, and the GMED/TFL ratio would increase during adduction, but decrease during abduction.
제안 방법
- All subjects were familiarized with the correct performance of the various squat exercises, which were each performed three times with a 30-s rest period between repetitions, and a 2-min rest period between conditions, to minimize muscle fatigue (Koh et al, 2011). All squats were performed with an additional load of 25% of each subject’s body weight, contained within a backpack held over the thorax (Baffa et al, 2012).
- For this reason, this study investigated GMED and TFL muscle activity, and assessed the GMED/TFL ratio, during squat exercises involving different types of isometric hip contraction (i.e., standard squats without hip contraction and squats involving isometric hip adduction or abduction). The purpose of this study was which type would best activate the GMED muscle activity while minimizing TFL muscle activity.
- A one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to assess normality of distribution; all variables were confirmed as normally distributed such that parametric tests were then applied. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to compare GMED and TFL muscle activity, and the GMED/TFL ratio, among the three hip contraction conditions. Bonferroni correction was used to determine differences among the squat exercises (.
- The examiner used a goniometer to confirm 60° knee flexion, following which subjects reached for their patellae along the target bar (positioned at a point equivalent to 60° knee flexion).
- , standard squats without hip contraction and squats involving isometric hip adduction or abduction). The purpose of this study was which type would best activate the GMED muscle activity while minimizing TFL muscle activity. We hypothesized that GMED and TFL muscle activity would increase during isometric hip adduction and abduction, and the GMED/TFL ratio would increase during adduction, but decrease during abduction.
- This study investigated GMED and TFL muscle activity, and the GMED/TFL ratio, during squat exercises under three different hip contraction conditions. Our results support the hypotheses that GMED and TFL EMG activity is significantly increased during isometric hip adduction and abduction contraction, and that the GMED/TFL ratio during isometric hip adduction contraction is significantly greater than it is during abduction contraction.
- This study investigated the GMED/TFL ratio during squat exercises involving three different types of hip contraction to which type would best activate the GMED than TFL muscle activity. The GMED/TFL ratio was significantly higher during isometric hip adduction vs.
대상 데이터
- 80. Therefore, 20 healthy subjects (10 males and 10 females) were recruited (Table 1). The inclusion criteria were no history of knee lesions or knee or lower limb surgery (Baffa et al, 2012), and no current knee pain (Felício et al, 2011).
이론/모형
- A one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to assess normality of distribution; all variables were confirmed as normally distributed such that parametric tests were then applied. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to compare GMED and TFL muscle activity, and the GMED/TFL ratio, among the three hip contraction conditions.
성능/효과
- There were several limitations to the current study. First, the generalizability of our results is limited because all of the subjects were young and healthy. In future studies, GMED and TFL muscle activity during the three types of squat exercise employed herein should be evaluated in subjects with weak GMED or dominant TFL muscles.
- This study investigated GMED and TFL muscle activity, and the GMED/TFL ratio, during squat exercises under three different hip contraction conditions. Our results support the hypotheses that GMED and TFL EMG activity is significantly increased during isometric hip adduction and abduction contraction, and that the GMED/TFL ratio during isometric hip adduction contraction is significantly greater than it is during abduction contraction.
- TFL EMG activity was greater during isometric hip adduction and abduction contraction compared with standard squats without hip contraction, and the isometric hip adduction contraction was significantly greater than the isometric hip abduction contraction. In a study by Gottschalk et al (1989), Ober’s test of abduction contracture, used during physical examinations to identify tightness of the ITB or ITB friction syndrome, demonstrated that TFL represents the major hip abductor.
후속연구
- Fourth, the crosstalk that typically characterizes surface EMG might have occurred between GMED and TFL muscle activity. Finally, we employed a cross-sectional rather than longitudinal design; future studies should investigate the longitudinal effects of the three types of squat exercise to confirm and extend the present findings.
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