Analysis of Kimchi, vegetable and fruit consumption trends among Korean adults: data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1998-2012)원문보기
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to analyze daily kimchi, vegetable and fruit consumption by general characteristics and vegetable and fruit consumption from 1998 to 2012 by the Korean population based on the data of the KNHANES (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Sur...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to analyze daily kimchi, vegetable and fruit consumption by general characteristics and vegetable and fruit consumption from 1998 to 2012 by the Korean population based on the data of the KNHANES (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study is based on the 1998-2012 KNHNES. Analysis data on 54,700 subjects aged 19 years and older were obtained from health behavior interviews and the 24-hour dietary recall method. RESULTS: Daily kimchi consumption and portion size of kimchi decreased significantly from 1998 to 2012 (adjusted P for trend < 0.0001). Meanwhile, daily consumption of both non-salted vegetable and fruit with and without kimchi did not significantly change between 1998 and 2012. Reduced consumption of kimchi, non-salted vegetable, and fruit was observed for both genders as well as daily meal episodes and cooking locations. Male and female subjects with insufficient non-salted vegetable and fruit intake were increased 1.4 times and 1.3 times, respectively, in 2012 than 1998. All subjects consumed at least 400 g/day of non-salted vegetable, fruit, and kimchi in each survey year, although they consumed insufficient amounts (< 400 g/day) of non-salted vegetable and fruit without kimchi. CONCLUSIONS: Since Koreans generally consume high amounts of fermented vegetables, including kimchi, total vegetables and fruit. Consumption of these foods by the Korean adult population reached 400 g, which is the recommended intake of the WCRF/AICR. Based on this result, it is necessary to promote consumption of kimchi in the Korean population and research the development of low sodium kimchi in the future.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to analyze daily kimchi, vegetable and fruit consumption by general characteristics and vegetable and fruit consumption from 1998 to 2012 by the Korean population based on the data of the KNHANES (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study is based on the 1998-2012 KNHNES. Analysis data on 54,700 subjects aged 19 years and older were obtained from health behavior interviews and the 24-hour dietary recall method. RESULTS: Daily kimchi consumption and portion size of kimchi decreased significantly from 1998 to 2012 (adjusted P for trend < 0.0001). Meanwhile, daily consumption of both non-salted vegetable and fruit with and without kimchi did not significantly change between 1998 and 2012. Reduced consumption of kimchi, non-salted vegetable, and fruit was observed for both genders as well as daily meal episodes and cooking locations. Male and female subjects with insufficient non-salted vegetable and fruit intake were increased 1.4 times and 1.3 times, respectively, in 2012 than 1998. All subjects consumed at least 400 g/day of non-salted vegetable, fruit, and kimchi in each survey year, although they consumed insufficient amounts (< 400 g/day) of non-salted vegetable and fruit without kimchi. CONCLUSIONS: Since Koreans generally consume high amounts of fermented vegetables, including kimchi, total vegetables and fruit. Consumption of these foods by the Korean adult population reached 400 g, which is the recommended intake of the WCRF/AICR. Based on this result, it is necessary to promote consumption of kimchi in the Korean population and research the development of low sodium kimchi in the future.
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문제 정의
Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze daily kimchi consumption by general characteristics and vegetable and fruit consumption from 1998 to 2012 in the Korean population based on data from the KNHANES.
This study shows trends in consumption of kimchi, vegetable, and fruit among Korean adults using data from the KNHANES from 1998 to 2012. Daily kimchi consumption and portion size of kimchi decreased significantly from 1998 to 2012 (adjusted P for trend < 0.
제안 방법
Chi-square test (χ2-test) was performed to identify significant differences among categorical variables through the surveyfreq procedure, and significant differences among continuous variables were verified through the surveymean procedure. Average age and kimchi intake by survey year were reported as mean values and standard errors and determined as P for trend by using the surveyreg procedure. When the results showed a significant difference (α= 0.
For analysis of meal occasion, we categorized meal occasion into breakfast, lunch, and dinner by using the daily meal (N_meal) in the 24-hour recall method. Cooking location was categorized into home meal, commercial place meal, and institutional meal by meal type variable (N_mtype) based on studies of Chung et al.
Kimchi intakes were analyzed by using the variables of secondary food name (n_fname2), dish name (n_dname), and food intake (nf_intk) based on the 24-hour recall method. Kimchi included baechu (chinese cabbage) kimchi, godulbaegi (Korean lettuce, lxeris sonchifolia H.
대상 데이터
The study was based on the 1998-2012 KNHNES. Analysis data on 54,700 subjects (1998: n = 7,501, 2001: n = 7,092, 2005: n =6,526, 2007: n = 2,939, 2008: n = 6,274, 2009: n = 6,974, 2010: n = 5,944, 2011: n = 5,884, 2012: n = 5,566) aged 19 years and older by using a health behavior interview and 24-hour dietary recall method were obtained.
성능/효과
Trends in increased/decreased kimchi intake by survey year were determined after adjusting for age and energy intake. Based on the surveylogistic procedure, the odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained.
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