[논문]북극 스발바르 군도 중앙로벤 빙하 해안 지역의 토양 시료 내 메타지놈 기반 미생물 군집분석

석윤지; 송은지; 차인태; 이현진; 노성운; 정지영; 이유경; 남영도; 서명지

doi:10.4014/mbl.1601.01003

[국내논문] 북극 스발바르 군도 중앙로벤 빙하 해안 지역의 토양 시료 내 메타지놈 기반 미생물 군집분석
Microbial Community of the Arctic Soil from the Glacier Foreland of Midtre Lovénbreen in Svalbard by Metagenome Analysis 원문보기

Microbiology and biotechnology letters = 한국미생물·생명공학회지, v.44 no.2, 2016년, pp.171 - 179

석윤지 (인천대학교 대학원 생명과학과) , 송은지 (한국식품연구원 장내미생물연구단) , 차인태 (인천대학교 생명공학부) , 이현진 (인천대학교 대학원 생명과학과) , 노성운 (과학기술연합대학원대학교) , 정지영 (극지연구소 북극환경.자원연구센터) , 이유경 (극지연구소 북극환경.자원연구센터) , 남영도 (한국식품연구원 장내미생물연구단) , 서명지 (인천대학교 대학원 생명과학과)

초록
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최근 빙하의 융해로 인해 빙하 해안지역에 다양한 토양 미생물과 초목들이 드러나고있다. 본 연구에서는 북극 스발바르 군도 중앙로벤 빙하 해안 지역으로부터 Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine(PGM)을 활용한 메타지놈 분석을 통해 세균(bacteria), 고균(archaea), 및 진핵생물(eukaryotes)를 포함하는 다양한 미생물 군집을 분석하였다. 연구에 사용된 토양시료는 빙하 후퇴에 따른 토양의 노출 시기에 따라 2개 지역(ML4 및 ML7)으로부터 수집하였다. ML4 및 ML7 시료의 메타지놈 염기서열을 기반으로 총 2,798,108 및 1,691,859 reads가 각각 미생물 군집 분석에 활용되었다. Domain (계) 수준에서 미생물 군집의 상대 빈도를 분석한 결과 2개 시료 모두 세균(86−87%)이 높은 반면 고균과 진핵생물은 1% 미만으로 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 약 12%의 염기서열은 기존에 분류되지 않은(unclassified) 서열로 분석되었다. 세균의 경우 Proteobacteria(40.3% for ML4 and 43.3% for ML7)와 Actinobacteria(22.9% and 24.9%)가 우점하는 것으로 분석되었다. 고균의 경우에는 Euryarchaeota(84.4% and 81.1%) 및 Crenarchaeota(10.6% and 13.1%), 그리고 진핵생물의 경우에는 Ascomycota(33.8% and 45.0%)가 우점하는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구를 통해 Ion Torrent PGM 플랫폼을 활용한 메타지놈 분석이 북극의 중앙로벤 빙하 해안 지역의 전체 미생물 군집 구조를 파악하는데 충분히 적용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Recent succession of soil microorganisms and vegetation has occurred in the glacier foreland, because of glacier thawing. In this study, whole microbial communities, including bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, from the glacier foreland of Midtre Lovénbreen in Svalbard were analyzed by metagenome sequencing, using the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM) platform. Soil samples were collected from two research sites (ML4 and ML7), with different exposure times, from the ice. A total of 2,798,108 and 1,691,859 reads were utilized for microbial community analysis based on the metagenomic sequences of ML4 and ML7, respectively. The relative abundance of microbial communities at the domain level showed a high proportion of bacteria (about 86−87%), whereas archaeal and eukaryotic communities were poorly represented by less than 1%. The remaining 12% of the sequences were found to be unclassified. Predominant bacterial groups included Proteobacteria (40.3% from ML4 and 43.3% from ML7) and Actinobacteria (22.9% and 24.9%). Major groups of Archaea included Euryarchaeota (84.4% and 81.1%), followed by Crenarchaeota (10.6% and 13.1%). In the case of eukaryotes, both ML4 and ML7 samples showed Ascomycota (33.8% and 45.0%) as the major group. These findings suggest that metagenome analysis using the Ion Torrent PGM platform could be suitably applied to analyze whole microbial community structures, providing a basis for assessing the relative importance of predominant groups of bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic microbial communities in the Arctic glacier foreland of Midtre Lovénbreen, with high resolution.

주제어

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이론/모형

0 [23]. To analyze the phylotype diversity, the richness estimators, Chao_1, and Shannon and Simpson diversity indices were calculated using the Species Prediction and Diversity Estimation (SPADE) software [5].

성능/효과

Although most studies have focused on analysis of bacterial and archaeal communities in Arctic environments, the fungal community composition in Svalbard was recently studied by cloning and sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) fragments. In that study, the major groups of Arctic Dryas octopetala root-associated fungal community were Basidiomycota (68.8%) and Ascomycota (30.7%) [1]. Another similar study showed that the Arctic Bistorta vivipara root-associated fungal community in Svalbard had the same major groups based on the 454 pyrosequencing approach [2].
The bacterial community compositions of the ML4 and ML7 samples were similar and classified into 28 different phyla including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Acidobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and other 19 candidates (Fig. 1).
The eukaryotic community in ML4 and ML7 was found to be diverse, predominantly composed of Ascomycota (33.8% and 50.0%), Streptophyta (19.3% and 14.6%) and Chordata (14.0% and 12.9%) (Fig. 3).
In the case of archaeal community structure, ML4 and ML7 samples exhibited a similar composition. When compared to the bacterial community structure, the archaeal community structure was relatively simple, consisting Euryarchaeota (84.4% and 81.1%), followed by Crenarchaeota (10.6% and 13.1%), an unclassified group (2.6% and 3.1%), Thaumarchaeota (1.8% and 2.3%) and minor groups including Korarchaeota and Nanoarchaeota (Fig. 2).

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용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

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