[국내논문]수업설계와 예비교사의 학습: 수학교수관행을 분석틀로 사용한 예비교사의 수업지도안 검토 활동이 어떤 도움이 되는지에 관한 고찰 Lesson Planning: How Do Pre-service Teachers Benefit from Examining Lesson Plans with Mathematics Teaching Practices as an Analytical Lens?원문보기
본고는 미국수학교사협의회(NCTM)의 대표적 최신 출판물인 원리에서 실천으로(Principles to Actions)에 제시된 8개 항목의 수학교수관행(Mathematics Teaching Practices: MTPs)을 분석의 틀로 이용하여, 초중등 예비교사들이 수업지도안 수정활동에 참여한 과정을 보고하고 있다. 이 과제는 주어진 수업지도안을 분석하고 수정하는 활동을 포함한 4단계의 과정으로 구성되었다. 57명의 예비교사들이 한 학기 간에 걸쳐 이 과제에 참여하였으며, 각 단계에서 수집된 자료는 귀납적 내용분석을 하였다. 예비교사들의 수업지도안 작성에 대한 초기개념은 수업관행(가령 MTPs)을 미약하게 반영하고 있었으며, 지도안 구성요소들의 기능보다는 형식을 더 강조하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 MTPs를 수업지도안 분석의 틀로 이용하는 기회가 주어졌을 때, 예비교사들이 MTPs 에 대한 다양한 해석을 보여주었고, MTPs를 수업지도안에 포함시키려는 노력을 하였으며, MTPs 간의 상호연계성에 더 주목하는 경향을 보였다. 본고는 이 수업지도안 수정과정에서 예비교사들이 겪은 도전 및 갈등도 제시하고 있다. 이런 점에서 본 연구 결과는 교사교육 프로그램에서 MTPs의 효과적 사용 가능성 여부를 조사하는 연구에 시사점을 제시하고 있다.
본고는 미국수학교사협의회(NCTM)의 대표적 최신 출판물인 원리에서 실천으로(Principles to Actions)에 제시된 8개 항목의 수학교수관행(Mathematics Teaching Practices: MTPs)을 분석의 틀로 이용하여, 초중등 예비교사들이 수업지도안 수정활동에 참여한 과정을 보고하고 있다. 이 과제는 주어진 수업지도안을 분석하고 수정하는 활동을 포함한 4단계의 과정으로 구성되었다. 57명의 예비교사들이 한 학기 간에 걸쳐 이 과제에 참여하였으며, 각 단계에서 수집된 자료는 귀납적 내용분석을 하였다. 예비교사들의 수업지도안 작성에 대한 초기개념은 수업관행(가령 MTPs)을 미약하게 반영하고 있었으며, 지도안 구성요소들의 기능보다는 형식을 더 강조하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 MTPs를 수업지도안 분석의 틀로 이용하는 기회가 주어졌을 때, 예비교사들이 MTPs 에 대한 다양한 해석을 보여주었고, MTPs를 수업지도안에 포함시키려는 노력을 하였으며, MTPs 간의 상호연계성에 더 주목하는 경향을 보였다. 본고는 이 수업지도안 수정과정에서 예비교사들이 겪은 도전 및 갈등도 제시하고 있다. 이런 점에서 본 연구 결과는 교사교육 프로그램에서 MTPs의 효과적 사용 가능성 여부를 조사하는 연구에 시사점을 제시하고 있다.
This article examines K-8 pre-service teachers' (PSTs) engagement in lesson plan modification using the eight Mathematics Teaching Practices (MTPs) in Principles to Actions, the most recent landmark publication of framework by National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) in the U.S. The activi...
This article examines K-8 pre-service teachers' (PSTs) engagement in lesson plan modification using the eight Mathematics Teaching Practices (MTPs) in Principles to Actions, the most recent landmark publication of framework by National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) in the U.S. The activity consisted of four phases that involved the analysis and modification of an existing lesson plan. Fifty-seven PSTs participated in the activity throughout the semester, and data from each phase was analyzed using the inductive content analysis approach. PSTs' initial conceptions of lesson planning reflected little on teaching practices (i.e., the MTPs) with more emphasis placed on the form - rather than function - of lesson elements. With the opportunity to interpret MTPs and analyze lesson plans using MTPs as an analytical lens, PSTs demonstrated various interpretations of MTPs, made efforts to incorporate MTPs into lessons, and attended to the interwoven nature of MTPs. This article also shares the challenges, conflicts, and tensions reported by PSTs during their participation of lesson plan modification; as such, the results from this study will inform the research examining the pedagogical (im)possibilities for utilizing MTPs in mathematics teacher training programs.
This article examines K-8 pre-service teachers' (PSTs) engagement in lesson plan modification using the eight Mathematics Teaching Practices (MTPs) in Principles to Actions, the most recent landmark publication of framework by National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) in the U.S. The activity consisted of four phases that involved the analysis and modification of an existing lesson plan. Fifty-seven PSTs participated in the activity throughout the semester, and data from each phase was analyzed using the inductive content analysis approach. PSTs' initial conceptions of lesson planning reflected little on teaching practices (i.e., the MTPs) with more emphasis placed on the form - rather than function - of lesson elements. With the opportunity to interpret MTPs and analyze lesson plans using MTPs as an analytical lens, PSTs demonstrated various interpretations of MTPs, made efforts to incorporate MTPs into lessons, and attended to the interwoven nature of MTPs. This article also shares the challenges, conflicts, and tensions reported by PSTs during their participation of lesson plan modification; as such, the results from this study will inform the research examining the pedagogical (im)possibilities for utilizing MTPs in mathematics teacher training programs.
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문제 정의
These sessions aimed to examine discrepancies and to illuminate PSTs’ understanding and interpretation of the MTPs.
This article reports a course activity that supports the pedagogical design capacities of PSTs by using the eight Mathematics Teaching Practices (MTPs) identified in Principles to Actions: Ensuring Mathematical Success for All (NCTM, 2014a). Specifically, the PSTs in this study experience a task of critiquing and modifying a lesson plan using Principles to Actions as an analytical lens.
제안 방법
In the weeks preceding Phase 3, each MTP was clarified through the process of reviewing the “Teacher and Student Actions” sections in Principles to Actions. Each week a group of volunteer PSTs facilitated 15-20 minutes of discussion, where PSTs discussed teacher expectations and shared examples from their field experiences.
For the tasks in Phases 2 and 3, PSTs were asked to specify the MTPs considered in their critique and modification plan. For the data obtained from Phases 2 and 3, descriptive analysis was utilized to quantitatively report the frequencies with which MTPs were considered by PSTs. In addition, PSTs’ written justifications were also qualitatively examined for specific nuances or patterns that could have been missed during the quantitative analysis.
After coding was completed, the frequencies of coded themes were identified. For the tasks in Phases 2 and 3, PSTs were asked to specify the MTPs considered in their critique and modification plan. For the data obtained from Phases 2 and 3, descriptive analysis was utilized to quantitatively report the frequencies with which MTPs were considered by PSTs.
In the weeks preceding Phase 3, each MTP was clarified through the process of reviewing the “Teacher and Student Actions” sections in Principles to Actions.
These sessions aimed to examine discrepancies and to illuminate PSTs’ understanding and interpretation of the MTPs. PSTs also responded to a questionnaire where they were asked to rate their level of confidence in understanding and utilizing each MTP, and to reflect on an open-ended question about the use of MTPs as an analytical lens.
The course activity reported here aims to support PSTs’ pedagogical design capacity as they read, interpret, and adapt existing curriculum material using the eight MTPs as scaffolds.
This study used MTPs from Principles to Actions as a relatively new framework to analyze a lesson plan, finding that some MTPs are more appropriate than others to manifest in a lesson plan as evidence of effective instruction. Since there are other frameworks such as the Thinking Through a Lesson Protocol (Smith, Bill, & Hughes, 2008) that are explicitly designed for lesson planning, a comparative study investigating the degree of interconnectedness (or lack thereof) between lesson planning and teaching practice in the field (Rim & Choi, 2012; Jeong, 2009; Remillard, Herbel-Eisenmann, & Lloyd, 2011) is recommended.
후속연구
It was expected that PSTs’ interpretations of MTPs would be revealed during the exploration, and that the knowledge of their interpretations would enable mathematics teacher educators to better support PSTs.
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