[논문]생태계 교란식물 cordgrass (Spartina spp.)의 효과적인 관리방안 수립을 위한 고찰

김진석

doi:10.5660/wts.2016.5.3.111

생태계 교란식물 cordgrass (Spartina spp.)의 효과적인 관리방안 수립을 위한 고찰
A Research Review for Establishing Effective Management Practices of the Highly Invasive Cordgrass (Spartina spp.) 원문보기

Weed & Turfgrass Science, v.5 no.3, 2016년, pp.111 - 125

초록
AI-Helper

우리나라에서는 2016년 Spartina속의 외래식물인 갯줄풀(Spartina alterniflora, Smooth cordgrass)과 영국갯끈풀(Spartina anglica, Common cordgrass)을 생태계 교란식물로 지정하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 외국의 선행 연구사례를 잘 검토하여 보다 효율적인 관리대책(적극적인 제거방안 및 확산 방지)을 수립하고 이를 실행하는데 기초정보를 제공하고자 하였다. Spartina속 식물은 종자와 근경을 통한 강한 번식력과 전파력을 가지고 있고, 다양한 환경조건에서 적응, 생장하는 식물이지만 저염도의 습지(low-salinity marshes) 및 갯벌(mudflats)에서의 생장이 상대적으로 양호하다. Spartina속 식물의 관리를 위해서 그동안 여러가지 물리적, 화학적, 생물학적 처리방법이 시도되어 왔는데 현재 예초, 파쇄, 잠수처리(flooding), 제초제(glyphosate, imazapyr, fluazifop, haloxyfop) 처리 등이 실용적으로 적용되고 있다. 보다 확실한 효과를 거두려면 두가지 이상의 처리를(예, 예초/제초제 처리) 개화기 이전의 이른 생장시기에 실시하도록 하고 이를 3-4년간 중단없이 지속적으로 수행하는 것이 필요하다. 제초제 경엽처리시에는 물기가 없는 상태의 시간(dry time)이 4-6시간 이상되게 하여야 하고, 바람이 불지 않을 때 살포한다. 잎에 흙이 많이 묻어 있으면 glyphosate 처리를 피하는 것이 좋을 것 같다. 무엇보다 주의할 것은 제초제저항성 계통의 출현을 예방하기 위해서 동일 제초제의 연용을 피해야 할 것이다. 한편 Spartina속 식물은 해양 연안의 생태공학적 가치가 충분히 있고, 산업용 바이오 매스로서의 장점을 많이 보유하고 있기 때문에 관리만 잘되면 향후 석유자원 고갈에 대비하여 중요한 바이오 자원이 될 수도 있을 것이다. 따라서 Spartina속 식물의 순기능과 역기능 모두에 대한 보다 심층적인 연구가 앞으로 계속 진행되어야 하겠다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Cordgrass (Spartina spp.) is recognized as a highly invasive plant in estuaries throughout the world because of remarkable versatility and resiliency, significant reproduction, strong adaptability, rapid spreading, and vigorous growth. In this review, therefore, to provide insights on the effective management practices, the previous research works were summarized and discussed. Spartina spp. is a perennial halophyte, warm-season (C4) grass that reproduces both sexually through seeds and asexually by rhizomes. Management strategies for cordgrass have included various physical, biological, and chemical controls. Herbicides are usually the most cost-effective means of control. Currently, glyphosate, imazapyr, fluazifop and haloxyfop have been practically used. To improve the control efficacy, a combination of two more than methods (example, mowing-spraying) is needed to be applied consistently every year for at least 3 to 4 years and to be sprayed with enough dry time (>4-6 hr) at an early growth stage (before flowering). Consistently repeated application of same herbicide have to be avoided to prevent an unexpected emergence of herbicide-resistant lines. On the other hand, Spartina spp. have many positive functions for agricultural and eco-engineering purposes. Thus, we have to give more intensive research for effectively managing advantages and disadvantages of Spartina plantations.

주제어

질의응답

핵심어	질문	논문에서 추출한 답변
	침입하지 않는 식물에 비해 침입성 식물의 특성은?	침입성 식물은 적응, 생장, 번식력이 상대적으로 우월한 특성을 지니고 있기 때문에 새로운 지역에 유입되어 적응과정을 거치게 되면 우점화를 통해 기존 식생을 파괴하면서 여러 가지 환경문제를 일으킨다. 따라서 한동안 방치하게 되면 이를 제어하기 위한 사회적 비용이 기하급수적으로 증가하게 되므로(예, 국내에서의 가시박 발생 및 확산 문제), 발생초기에 신속히 근절시키는 것이 가장 바람직 할 것이다.
	영국갯끈풀과 갯줄풀의 개화는 어느 시기에 이루어지는가?	수분(pollination)은 바람에 의해 이루어지며 자가 및 타가수분 모두가 가능한데 타가수분(cross-pollination)에서 더 많은 종자가 맺는다고 한다(Dethier and Hacker, 2004). 개화는 대부분 6-9월에 일어나나, 11월의 늦은 시기에도 개화하는 것이 있는데 이들은 종자를 형성하지 못한다. 강화도 동막해변에서 발견된 영국갯끈풀의 경우 9월 중순에 개화한다고 한다(Kim et al., 2015).
	Spartina속 식물의 원산지는?	Spartina속 식물은 아메리카, 북아프리카 및 유럽의 대서양 연안이 원산지로 17종이 알려져 있으며(Hedge et al., 2003; Peterson et al.

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표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

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용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

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