선택한 단어 수는 입니다.
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최소 단어 이상 선택하여야 합니다.
선택한 단어 수는 30입니다.
최대 10 단어까지만 선택 가능합니다.
최대 10 단어까지만 선택 가능합니다.
문제 정의
- Moreover, little is known regarding the role of leptin and ghrelin in obese postmenopausal Korean women. Therefore, we designed this study to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on leptin, ghrelin, blood lipids, and HOMA-IR factors in obese postmenopausal Korean women.
제안 방법
- After their baseline measurements, participants were randomized into a line dancing exercise group (n = 18) or a “no exercise” control group (n = 18) for the 16-week duration of the study.
- Participants were instructed to not exercise and to obtain from caffeine or alcohol on the day before, or day of, testing. At their initial visit, subject examinations included a standardized health questionnaire, anthropometry and body composition, resting blood pressure, and fasting venous blood sampling for blood chemistry. After their baseline measurements, participants were randomized into a line dancing exercise group (n = 18) or a “no exercise” control group (n = 18) for the 16-week duration of the study.
- Each session was composed of a 10-min warm-up, 40 min of dance, and 10 min of wrap-up, which gradually increased in intensity from the adjustment stage (weeks 1–4, maximum heart rate [MHR]: 50–60%), to the improvement stage (weeks 5 –8, MHR: 60–70%) and the advanced stage (weeks 9 –12, MHR: 70–80%).
- The line dancing program was a 16-week beginner-level program that took place 3× per week, in 60 min sessions.
- The nature, purpose, and experimental procedures were explained verbally to each participant, who then signed an informed consent form before participating in the study. The participants were tested at the same time of day (in the morning), to avoid any diurnal variation in temperature.
- Each session was composed of a 10-min warm-up, 40 min of dance, and 10 min of wrap-up, which gradually increased in intensity from the adjustment stage (weeks 1–4, maximum heart rate [MHR]: 50–60%), to the improvement stage (weeks 5 –8, MHR: 60–70%) and the advanced stage (weeks 9 –12, MHR: 70–80%). The program was designed for general health promotion, and the intensity of physical activity was considered moderate. Wireless heart rate monitors (worn by all participants) were used to determine whether the specified intensity levels were reached.
대상 데이터
- The data from 36 participants were analyzed (18 persons from each group), after excluding 2 subjects who did not participate in the exercise consistently and whose test results were not reliable.
- This study evaluated obese postmenopausal residents of metropolitan Busan, Korea, who had >32% body fat and volunteered to participate in the study.
데이터처리
- In the multiple linear regression analysis, serum blood lipids and energy metabolic factors were assessed as the independent variables, with visceral fat change considered the dependent variable in the line dance group. A power analysis was conducted using a sample size of eight for each group, generating an estimated power of 0.82 for a paired sample t-test.
- 05, and compared the pre- and post-exercise intervention variables. Changes from baseline to the end of the intervention were evaluated using a paired t-test and independent t-test. In the multiple linear regression analysis, serum blood lipids and energy metabolic factors were assessed as the independent variables, with visceral fat change considered the dependent variable in the line dance group.
이론/모형
- Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters[12]. Body composition (including overall body fat mass, lean body mass, and visceral fat area [VFA]) was analyzed at the beginning and end of each phase of the study, using the bioelectrical impedance analysis method (Inbody 720; Biospace, Seoul, Korea) and following the procedures recommended by the American College of Sports Medicine[13].
- The index of insulin resistance was assessed using the HOMA-IR equation, where HOMA-IR = [fasting insulin (μU/mL) × fasting glucose (mmol/L)]/22.5[14].
성능/효과
- 2. In the line dancing group, weight, %BF, BMI, WC, and VFA decreased significantly (all, p < 0.001) after the program.
- Although no significant differences were observed between the groups before the program, the line dancing group had significantly lower weight, %BF, BMI, WC, and VFA (all, p < 0.05) after the exercise program, while LBM exhibited no significant difference.
- Although no significant differences were observed between the groups before the program, the line dancing group have significantly lower leptin, insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, Apo B, TC, TG, SBP, and DBP (all, p < 0.05) after the program, while ghrelin and Apo A-I increased significantly and HDL-C and LDL-C exhibited no significant difference.
- In the control group, ghrelin, Apo A-I, and HDL-C decreased significantly (all, p < 0.05) after the program, while leptin, insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, Apo B, LDL-C, SBP, and DBP increased significantly (all, p < 0.05).
- In the control group, weight, %BF, BMI, WC, and VFA increased significantly (all, p < 0.001) after the program, while LBM decreased, although this decrease was not statistically significant.
- It was also found that the t-value that determined the statistical significance of the independent variables was significant for ghrelin, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR (p < 0.05).
후속연구
- Therefore, line dance exercise may be effective in preventing the cardiovascular diseases that are caused by obesity in this population. Future studies are needed to validate these results, as well as to compare the effects of line dancing exercise on these variables in obese and non-obese men and women (in various age groups and exercise types). This information might then be used to develop effective another aerobic exercise programs for subjects with different ages or body types.
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