Nesfatin-1/NUCB2 is known to take part in the control of the appetite and energy metabolism. Recently, many reports have shown nesfatin-1/NUCB2 expression and function in various organs. We previously demonstrated that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 expression level is higher in the pituitary gland compared to ot...
Nesfatin-1/NUCB2 is known to take part in the control of the appetite and energy metabolism. Recently, many reports have shown nesfatin-1/NUCB2 expression and function in various organs. We previously demonstrated that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 expression level is higher in the pituitary gland compared to other organs and its expression is regulated by $17{\beta}-estradiol$ and progesterone secreted from the ovary. However, currently no data exist on the expression of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 and its regulation mechanism in the pituitary of male mouse. Therefore, we examined whether nesfatin-1/NUCB2 is expressed in the male mouse pituitary and if its expression is regulated by testosterone. As a result of PCR and western blotting, we found that a large amount of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 was expressed in the pituitary and hypothalamus. The NUCB2 mRNA expression level in the pituitary was decreased after castration, but not in the hypothalamus. In addition, its mRNA expression level in the pituitary was increased after testosterone treatment in the castrated mice, whereas, the expression level in the hypothalamus was significantly decreased after the treatment with testosterone. The in vitro experiment to elucidate the direct effect of testosterone on NUCB2 mRNA expression showed that NUCB2 mRNA expression was significantly decreased with testosterone in cultured hypothalamus tissue, but increased with testosterone in cultured pituitary gland. The present study demonstrated that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 was highly expressed in the male mouse pituitary and was regulated by testosterone. This data suggests that reproductive-endocrine regulation through hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis may contribute to NUCB2 mRNA expression in the mouse hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
Nesfatin-1/NUCB2 is known to take part in the control of the appetite and energy metabolism. Recently, many reports have shown nesfatin-1/NUCB2 expression and function in various organs. We previously demonstrated that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 expression level is higher in the pituitary gland compared to other organs and its expression is regulated by $17{\beta}-estradiol$ and progesterone secreted from the ovary. However, currently no data exist on the expression of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 and its regulation mechanism in the pituitary of male mouse. Therefore, we examined whether nesfatin-1/NUCB2 is expressed in the male mouse pituitary and if its expression is regulated by testosterone. As a result of PCR and western blotting, we found that a large amount of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 was expressed in the pituitary and hypothalamus. The NUCB2 mRNA expression level in the pituitary was decreased after castration, but not in the hypothalamus. In addition, its mRNA expression level in the pituitary was increased after testosterone treatment in the castrated mice, whereas, the expression level in the hypothalamus was significantly decreased after the treatment with testosterone. The in vitro experiment to elucidate the direct effect of testosterone on NUCB2 mRNA expression showed that NUCB2 mRNA expression was significantly decreased with testosterone in cultured hypothalamus tissue, but increased with testosterone in cultured pituitary gland. The present study demonstrated that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 was highly expressed in the male mouse pituitary and was regulated by testosterone. This data suggests that reproductive-endocrine regulation through hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis may contribute to NUCB2 mRNA expression in the mouse hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
제안 방법
, Waltham, MA). First strandc DNA synthesis was performed using the extracted RNA and oligo dT, followed by double-strand synthesis in RT buffer (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) with dNTP (BIO BASICInc., Ontario, Canada) and RTase (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA).
대상 데이터
Eight-week-old male ICR mice were purchased from KOATECH (South Korea) and housed in groups of five per cage under controlled illumination (12:12 h light/dark cycle, lights on/off: 6 h/18 h) and temperature (22±2℃).
데이터처리
The results were presented as the mean and the standard error of the mean(SEM). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and student t-test. Values of p<0.
참고문헌 (29)
1 Barnikol-Watanabe S Gross NA Götz H Henkel T Karabinos A Kratzin H Barnikol HU Hilschmann N Human protein NEFA, a novel DNA binding/EF-hand/leucine zipper protein. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA, isolation and characterization of the protein Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler 1994 375 497 512 10.1515/bchm3.1994.375.8.497 7811391
2 Bautista CJ Martinez-Samayoa PM Zambrano E Sex steroids regulation of appetitive behavior Mini Rev Med Chem 2012 12 1107 1118 10.2174/138955712802762176 22827220
3 Brailoiu GC Dun SL Brailoiu E Inan S Yang J Chang JK Dun NJ Nesfatin-1: distribution and interaction with a G protein-coupled receptor in the rat brain Endocrionology 2007 148 5088 5094 10.1210/en.2007-0701 17627999
4 Chen X Dong J Jiang ZY Nesfatin-1 influences the excitability of glucosensing neurons in the hypothalamic nuclei and inhibits the food intake Regul Pept 2012 177 21 26 10.1016/j.regpep.2012.04.003 22561448
5 Chung Y Kim J Im E Kim H Yang H Progesterone and 17β-estradiol regulate expression of nesfatin-1/NUBC2 in mouse pituitary gland Peptides 2015 63 4 9 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.10.011 25451467
6 Ferreira JA Foley AM Brown M Sex hormones differentially influence voluntary running activity, food intake and body weight in aging female and male rats Eur J Appl Physiol 2012 112 3007 3018 10.1007/s00421-011-2271-y 22170012
7 Foo KS Brismar H Broberger C Distribution and neuropeptide coexistence of nucleobindin-2 mRNA/ nesfatin like immunoreactivityin the rat CNS Neuroscience 2008 156 563 579 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.07.054 18761059
8 Fort P Salvert D Hanriot L Jego S Shimizu H Hashimoto K Mori M Luppi PH The satiety molecule nesfatin-1 is co-expressed with melanin concentrating hormone in tuberal hypothalamic neurons of the rat Neuroscience 2008 155 174 181 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.05.035 18573315
9 García-Galiano D Navarro VM Gaytan F Tena-Sempere M Expanding roles of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in neuroendocrine regulation J Mol Endocrinol 2010 45 281 290 10.1677/JME-10-0059 20682642
10 Goebel M Stengel A Wang L Taché Y Restraint stress activates nesfatin-1-immunoreactive brain nuclei in rats Brain Res 2009 1300 114 124 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.08.082 PMC2783213 --> 19733157
11 Goebel M Wang L Stengel A Taché Y Localization of nesfatin-1 neurons in the mouse brain and functional implication Brain Res 2011 1396 20 34 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.04.031 PMC3104076 --> 21555116
12 Gonzalez R Tiwari A Unniappan S Pancreatic beta cells colocalize insulin and pronesfatin immunoreactivity in rodents Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009 381 643 648 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02.104 19248766
13 Iwasa T Matsuzaki T Tungalagsuvd A Munkhzaya M Yiliyasi M Kato T Kuwahara A Irahara M Effects of chronic testosterone administration on body weight and food intake differ among pre-pubertal, gonadal-intact, and ovariectomized female rats Behav Brain Res 2016 309 35 43 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.04.048 27139935
14 Jiang S Zhou W Zhang X Wang D Zhu H Hong M Gong Y Ye J Fang F Developmental expression and distribution of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 in the canine digestive system Acta Histochem 2016 118 90 96 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.11.010 26643216
16 Kanai Y Tanuma S Purification of a novel B cell growth and differentiation factor associated with lupus syndrome Immunol Lett 1992 32 43 48 10.1016/0165-2478(92)90197-V 1500083
17 Kim J Chung Y Kim H Im E Lee H Yang H The tissue distribution of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 in mouse Dev Reprod 2014 18 301 309 10.12717/DR.2014.18.4.301 PMC4415639 --> 25949201
18 Kim JH Youn MR Bang SY Sim JY Kang HR Yang HW Expression of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 and its binding site in mouse ovary Dev Reprod 2010 14 287 295
19 Kim SM Yang HJ Cho HH Hwang SP Moon CI Yang HW Expression of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 and its binding site in mouse testis and epididymis Dev Reprod 2011 15 249 256
20 Kohno D Nakata M Maejima Y Shimizu H Sedbazar U Yoshida N Dezaki K Onaka T Mori M Yada T Nesfatin-1 neurons in paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the rat hypothalamus coexpress oxytocin and vasopressin and are activated by refeeding Endocrinology 2008 149 1295 1301 10.1210/en.2007-1276 18048495
21 Miura K Titani K Kurosawa Y Kanai Y Molecular cloning of nucleobindin, a novel DNA-binding protein that contains both a signal peptide and a leucine zipper structure Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992 187 375 380 10.1016/S0006-291X(05)81503-7 1520323
22 Oh-I S Shmizu H Satoh T Adachi S Inoue K Eguchi H Yamamoto M Imaki T Hashimoto K Tsuchiya T Monden T Horiguchi K Yamada M Mori M Identification of nesfatin-1 as a safety molecule in the hypothalamus Nature 2006 443 709 712 10.1038/nature05162 17036007
23 Prinz P Goebel-Stengel M Teuffel P Rose M Klapp BF Stengel A PePeripheral and central localization of the nesfatin-1 receptor using autoradiography in rats Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016 470 521 527 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.113 26801557
24 Shimizu H Osaki A Nesfatin/nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) and glucose homeostasis. Curr Hypertens Rev [Epub ahead or print] 2014
25 Shimizu H Tanaka M Osaki A Transgenic mice overexpressing nesfatin/nucleobindin-2 are susceptible to high-fat diet-induced obesity. Nutr Diabetes 2016 6 e201 10.1038/nutd.2015.42 26950482
26 Stengel A Goebel M Wang L Kato I Mori M Taché Y Nesfatin-130-59 but not the N- and Cterminal fragments, nesfatin-11-29 and nesfatin-160- 82 injected intracerebroventricularly decreases dark phase food intake by increasing inter-meal intervals in mice Peptides 2012 35 143 148 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.03.015 PMC3372867 --> 22682899
27 Stengel A Goebel M Wang L Taché Y Ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin and nesfatin-1 in gastric X/A-like cells: role as regulators of food intake and body weight Peptides 2009 31 357 369 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.11.019 PMC3166546 --> 19944123
28 Stengel A Goebel M Wang L Taché Y Abdominal surgery activates nesfatin-1 immunoreactive brain nuclei in rats Peptides 2010 31 263 270 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.11.015 PMC3166548 --> 19944727
29 Xu L Bloem B Gaszner B Roubos EW Kozicz T Sex-specific effects of fasting on urocortin 1, cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide and nesfatin-1 expression in the rat Edinger-Westphal nucleus Neuroscience 2009 162 1141 1149 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.05.003 19426783
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.