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NTIS 바로가기한국화재소방학회 논문지= Fire science and engineering, v.31 no.3, 2017년, pp.106 - 118
김형도 (강원대학교 방재전문대학원) , 이시영 (강원대학교 방재전문대학원)
본 연구의 목적은 의용소방대 태동기부터 2014년 의용소방대법 제정까지의 변천과정 고찰을 통해 의용소방대의 역사적 정체성을 구현하고 기본 이론적 개념을 변화된 관점으로 새로이 정립하며 발전방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 문헌조사 연구방법을 토대로 기술적 접근방법이 활용되었다. 연구결과, 정의는 "의용소방대는 화재진압, 구조 구급 등을 비롯한 각종 재난상황에 대비하고자, 자원한 지역주민들이 자주적이고 자발적인 의지로 의기투합하여 구성한 법률상의 보조 조직체", 설치이념은 '주민 참여의 한 형태로서 안전의 선도적 봉사조직체', '자율적 조직운영을 바탕으로 한 주민친화적 조직활동', '사회복지 실현과 각 지역별 여건에 따르는 요구를 보완해 주는 활동'으로 정립하였다. 그 특성에 관해서는 '자발적 참여성', '사회적 확장성', '사회복지 실현 및 보완성', '전문성 및 발전성'으로 기본 이론적 개념을 새로이 정립하였으며 향후, 의용소방대 연구에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.
The purpose of this study was to realize volunteer fire departments' historical identity through a review of the transition process from the quickening period of volunteer fire departments to the enactment of the volunteer fire department act in 2014, establish it newly from the viewpoint of changin...
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핵심어 | 질문 | 논문에서 추출한 답변 |
---|---|---|
의용소방대란? | 의용소방대는 법령에 근거하여 설치 · 운영되고 있는 법률적 조직체이다. 우리나라 의용소방대의 전국적 규모는 2015년도 국민안전처 소방행정자료 및 통계에 의하면(7), 3,628개 대에 94,617명의 대원이 활동하고 있다. | |
과거에 지방의용금화조직은 어떤 활동을 했었나요? | 이러한 시대적 흐름과 상황의 변화에 따라 세종 19년(1437년 1월) 오늘날 우리 의용소방대(義勇消防隊)의 효시(嚆矢)라고 할 수 있는 ‘지방의용금화조직(地方義勇禁火組織)’이 탄생하였다. 이는 충청감사의 건의와 경상감사의 주청으로 각 고을의 젊고 건강한 사람들이 자체적으로 순찰을 돌며, 도적과 화재 예방을 위해 제대한 군인 등으로 하여금 자율적으로 도둑과 화재로부터 마을을 지키도록 하는 주민자위활동(무기소지 및 사용)이 허락 · 공인됨으로써 재난이 발생하면 동 · 리의 청장년들이 모여 자율적으로 방재(防災) 활동을 전개하게 되었다(26-28). 이러한 의용소방대 태동기의 변천 과정 주요 사실을 요약하면 Table 3과 같다. | |
의용소방대의 특징은 무엇인가요? | 그리고 ‘의용소방대의 특성’에 관하여 살펴보면, Ryu(2013)는 의용소방대의 특성을 자원봉사의 특성으로 결부시켜 무급성, 자발성, 복지성, 지속성, 헌신성, 전문성, 이타성, 협동성, 자아실현성, 학습성으로 나누고 있으며, Heo(2008)는 의용소방대 성격을 크게 소방업무 보조자로서 역할, 무보수 자원봉사 조직, 지역에서의 구심적인 자율방재조직, 헌신적 자원봉사 조직 등 4가지로 나누고 있다. 한편, Je (2008)는 자원봉사자로서의 의용소방대의 성격은, 첫째로 소방력 보조자로서 성격, 둘째로 자원봉사자로서의 성격, 셋째로는 지역 방재의 지도자로서 성격 이렇게 크게 3가지로 구분하고 있다. |
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N. G. Heo, "A Study on a Plan for Activating Volunteer Fire Department -Centering on a Case of Volunteer Fire Department in Gyeonggi-do", Graduate School of Public Administration Kyeonggi University, Ms. Thesis, p. 6 (2008).
J. J. Choi, "Introduction to Fire Science", Seoul, Hyeongseol Publisher, pp. 39-40 (2004).
Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs, "History of Korean Firefighting Service (1999 revised edition)", National Archives of Korea, p. 26 (1999).
Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs, "History of Korean Firefighting Service (1999 revised edition)", National Archives of Korea, pp. 35-36 (1999).
J. D. Lee, M. O. Yoon and D. M. Choi, "A Study on the Revitalization Method of the Korean Volunteer Fire Brigade", Fire Science and Engineering, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 95-104 (2008).
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National Emergency Management Agency, "Fire-fighting Administrative Data and Statistics", (2007).
Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs, "History of Korean Fire-fighting Service (1999 revised edition)", National Archives of Korea, pp. 43-49 (1999).
G. I. Lee, "A Study on the Activation of Korean Volunteer Fire Brigade", Graduate School of Disaster Prevention & Technology Samcheok National University, Ms. Thesis, pp. 59-60 (2006).
S. J. Lee, "A Study on the Activation of Volunteer Fire Brigade-Based on Jeollabuk-do", Graduate School of Public Administration Cheonbuk National University, Ms. Thesis, pp. 8-9 (2005).
G. I. Lee, "A Study on the Activation of Korean Volunteer Fire Brigade", Graduate School of Disaster Prevention and Technology Samcheok National University, Ms. Thesis, p. 60 (2006).
Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs, "History of Korean Firefighting Service (1999 revised edition)", National Archives of Korea, pp. 112-113, p. 151 (1999).
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H. M. Lee, "A Study on Participation Motivation for Volunteer Service Activities in Terms of Disaster Management-Based on Volunteer Fire-fighting Team of Seoul Municipality", Graduate School of Public Administration Seoul National University, Ms. Thesis, pp. 14-20 (2008).
N. G. Heo, "A Study on a Plan for Activating Volunteer Fire Department -Centering on a Case of Volunteer Fire Department in Gyeonggi-do", Graduate School of Public Administration Kyeonggi University, Ms. Thesis, pp. 9-15 (2008).
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