[논문]조경 설계에서 손 드로잉 유형의 역사적 변천과 혼성화

이명준

doi:10.9715/kila.2017.45.5.071

조경 설계에서 손 드로잉 유형의 역사적 변천과 혼성화
Historical Transformation of Types of Hand-Drawing and Their Hybridization in Landscape Architectural Design 원문보기

한국조경학회지 = Journal of Korean institute of landscape architecture, v.45 no.5, 2017년, pp.71 - 86

초록
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이 연구는 손 드로잉의 역사적 변천 과정을 혼성화의 관점으로 해석하여 손 드로잉에 내재되어 있었던 창조적 성격을 발견하고자 한다. 조경 드로잉은 과학적 도구성과 예술적 상상성이라는 호환 가능하고, 상대적인 두 특성을 지니고 있고, 그러한 특성은 투사, 퍼스펙티브 뷰, 다이어그램이라는 구체적 드로잉 유형으로 구현되어 왔다. 하지만 드로잉 유형은 뚜렷이 구별된다기보다 오히려 상호 보완적으로 혼성화되면서 설계 경관에 대한 비전을 시각화해 왔다. 특히, 땅과 건축물을 그린 플랜에서 식물 소재는 퍼스펙티브 뷰나 엘리베이션으로 그려내는 플라노메트릭 기법이 이용되었다. 물론, 특정 지역과 시기에 특정 정원 양식에 적합한 드로잉 유형이 등장하고, 때때로 우세하는 방식으로 나타났다. 16세기 이탈리아 르네상스 정원과 17세기 프랑스 정형식 정원 설계에는 투사 드로잉이, 18세기에서 19세기 초 영국 풍경화식 정원 드로잉에서는 회화적 묘사가 강조된 퍼스펙티브 뷰가 중요했고, 19세기 중후반 미국 조경 설계에서는 공모전 드로잉, 사진, 맵 오버레이 등 용도에 따른 드로잉의 분화가, 20세기 초중반 미국의 모더니스트는 설계 전략을 시각화하기 위해 다이어그램을 이용하기 시작했다. 하지만 이러한 변천 과정에서, 플라노메트릭은 땅의 평면적 구성과 식재의 정면적 시각을 동시에 고려하는 조경 설계에 적절한 혼성적 시각화 기법으로 빈번히 활용되었다. 19세기 중엽에 탑뷰가 플라노메트릭을 대체하고, 20세기 들어 식재의 회화적 특성이 소거된 채 기호로 표준화되면서, 손 드로잉에서 상상적인 테크닉보다 도구적인 시각화 방식이 점차 일반화되었다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

This work explores the historical transformation of manual landscape architectural drawings in terms of hybridization to uncover their inherent creative aspect. Landscape architectural drawing has duel functions; namely, scientific instrumentality and artistic imagination, which are relative, interchangeable, and transformable. These characteristics have been embodied in the forms of particular types of drawing, projections, perspective views, and diagrams, which are not so much clearly distinguishable as rather mutually complementary and hybridized. In particular, the pictorial views of plants in the forms of a perspective view or elevation were frequently hybridized to projection drawings of grounds and architectural structures, which is called planometrics. Particular drawing types have often emerged as suitable and thereby dominant forms, depending on the particular historical styles of landscape design. Sixteenth-century Italian Renaissance gardens and seventeenth-century French formal gardens were generally visualized in the form of projections. Eighteenth-century and early nineteenth-century English landscape gardens were frequently represented in a pictorial perspective view. In nineteenth-century America, different drawing techniques such as competition drawing, photography, and map overlay were specialized depending on their respective functions. Twentieth-century American modernists began to explore the diagram to deploy design strategies. In such transformation, however, the planometric, which considers both the ground plane and plant's frontal identities simultaneously and thereby is suitable to landscape design, was frequently used as a hybridization technique. In the mid-nineteenth century, a top view of plants replaced the planometric, and then, in the twentieth century, plants were no longer represented artistically, instead reduced to the forms of standardized flat symbols. The use of instrumental visualizations thereby gradually increased rather than the use of an imaginative representation for landscape architectural drawings.

주제어

질의응답

핵심어	질문	논문에서 추출한 답변
	컴퓨터 소프트웨어를 이용하여 제작되는 디자인 패널은 어떤 유형이 있는가?	손 드로잉이 컴퓨터 드로잉의 기원이라는 점에서 양자의 공통적인 특성도 존재한다. 컴퓨터 소프트웨어를 이용하여 제작되는 디자인 패널은 주로 다이어그램(diagram), 마스터플랜(master plan), 엘리베이션과 섹션(elevation and section), 퍼스펙티브 뷰(perspective view)와 같은 특정 드로잉 유형으로 구성되는데, 이러한 대개의 형식은 최소한 19세기 중반에도 존재했다1). 다시 말해, 현재 이용하는 조경 드로잉의 유형은 경관의 특정 국면을 시각화하기 위해 손 드로잉 시대부터 유지되어온 관습이다.
	렙턴의 스케치에서 고안한 시각화 장치는 무엇인가?	렙턴은 경관의 경험이 단순히 회화라는 프레임 내부에서 자연을 감상하는 것이 아니라, 실제로 움직이는 경험을 중요하게 생각하여 이를 시각화하는 장치를 고안했다. 구체적으로, 인간의 시각장을 시각화하기 위해 파노라믹 뷰를 활용하거나, 현실의 움직임과 유사한 시각 경험을 시각화하는 전략으로 여러 스케치들을 순차적으로 배열하였다(Lee and Pae, 2015).
	플라노메트릭은 무엇인가?	이러한 투사 기법, 즉 “평평한 지도와 같은 지형에 건축물, 나무, 식물과 같은 경물의 뷰를 그려내는” 테크닉을 “플라노메트릭(planometric)”이라고 부른다(Corner, 1992: 253, 255; De Jong, 2008: 22). 코너는 플라노메트릭 기법이 고대 이집트 정원 묘사에도 나타난다고 설명한다(Figure 4 참조).

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