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한국대기환경학회지 = Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, v.34 no.4, 2018년, pp.588 - 609
김병욱 (미국조지아주환경청) , 김현철 (미국국립해양대기청) , 김순태 (아주대학교 환경안전공학과)
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The objective of this study is to provide information for improving the domestic particulate matter (PM) management. To achieve the study goal, we reviewed the past and current practice of PM management in the United States (US). Our review includes the assessment about the philosophical foundation ...
| 핵심어 | 질문 | 논문에서 추출한 답변 |
|---|---|---|
| 본 자료의 체계 부분은 미국의 대기관리 제도의 전반적인 현황을 검토하였는데 어떤 내용들을 포함하는가? | 제시하는 내용은 미국의 청정대기법 (CAA; Clean Air Act)을 기반으로 관리 철학, 관리 체계, 측정, 배출량, 배출 허가권 및 준법감시, 국제 협력 등을 포함한다. 특히 관리 체계 부분에서는 대기환경기준 (NAA QS, National Ambient Air Quality Standards), 주 시행계획(SIP; State Implementation Plan, 이하 ‘시행계획’), 연방 시행계획 (FIP; Federal Implementation Plan)을 포함하는 미국의 대기관리 제도의 전반적인 현황을 검토하였다. 이를 위해 미국의PM2. | |
| 미국의 초창기 PM 10과 PM 2.5 관리는 어떤 관리에서부터 출발하였는가? | 미국의 초창기 PM 10과 PM 2.5 관리는 1970년대 초반 총 부유분진(TSP; Total Suspended Particles) 관리에서 출발했다. 그러나 1990년 대대적인 청정대기법 개정과 함께 호흡기로 흡입되어 실제로 인체 위해성을 갖는 PM 10 , 그리고 PM2. | |
| 미 환경청의 대기환경기준은 크게 4단계로 나뉘어 진행되는데 각 단계의 내용은 어떠한가? | 미 환경청은 원칙상 매 5년마다 대기환경기준을 신규 제정 또는 개정을 검토하며, 크게 4단계로 나누어 진행한다 (US EPA, 2014a). 첫번째 단계는 계획 (Planning) 단계로 자료 수집, 전문가 의견, 이해 관계자들의 의견을 고려하여 구체적인 로드맵을 제시한다. 두번째 단계는 종합적 과학평가 (ISA; Integrated Science Assessment)로 PM2.5 노출과 건강 위해성 간의 인과관계를 평가하는 작업이다. 이때 PM2.5 관련 대기화학 및 배출원 관련 자료도 함께 검토한다. 세번째 단계는 위해성/노출평가 (REA; Risk/Exposure Assessment)로 PM2.5 노출에 따른 조기사망률과 같은 정량적인 위해성 평가를 수행한다. 마지막 단계는 정책평가(PA; Policy Assessment)로 종합적 과학평가와 위해성/노출평가를 통해 밝혀진 과학적인 증거들을 고려하여 정책적 선택 사항들을 발굴하는 단계이다. 이 단계에서는 특히 대기환경법 과학자문위원회 (CASAC; Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee)가미 환경청장에게 종합적 과학평가와 위해성/노출평가를 통해 얻어진 자료들을 총체적으로 고려하여 기존 대기환경기준이 충분한지, 개정이 필요한지 등을 ‘조언’한다. |
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