[논문]순위 선다형 문항을 이용한 초·중·고등학생의 천문학적 사고 분석

최준태; 이기영; 박재용

doi:10.15523/jksese.2018.11.2.125

순위 선다형 문항을 이용한 초·중·고등학생의 천문학적 사고 분석
Analysing Astronomical Thinking of Elementary, Middle, and High School Students Using Ordered Multiple Choice Items 원문보기

대한지구과학교육학회지 = Journal of the Korean society of earth science education, v.11 no.2, 2018년, pp.125 - 144

최준태 (강원대학교) , 이기영 (강원대학교) , 박재용 (서울교육대학교)

초록
AI-Helper

이 연구의 목적은 순위 선다형 문항을 이용하여 초 중 고 학생들의 천문학적 사고 수준을 파악하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 각각 3개의 공간적 사고와 시스템 사고 측정 문항으로 구성된 검사지를 구성하고, 이를 강원도 소재 12개 학교 5학년, 8학년, 11학년 학생 총 1,066명을 대상으로 투입하였다. 수집된 학생 응답 자료를 고전 검사 이론의 추리 통계와 문항 반응 이론의 Rasch 모델에 적용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다; 첫째, 천문학적 사고 중 공간적 사고 수준은 천체의 공간 위치와 방향은 파악할 수 있지만 2차원 평면에서의 천체 운동을 3차원으로 변환하지 못하는 것으로 나타났으며, 학년에 따라 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 천문학적 사고 중 시스템 사고 수준은 천체의 운동 시스템을 구성하는 요소와 요소 간 연관은 파악할 수 있으나 시스템의 경향성은 파악하지 못하는 것으로 나타났으며, 공간적 사고와는 달리 학년에 따라 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 셋째, 특정 상황(내용)에서 발현되는 천문학적 사고가 학년에 관계없이 매우 유사한 것으로 나타났으며, 이를 통해 천문학적 사고의 상황(내용) 의존성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 연구 결과들은 학교 수업에서 천문학적 사고 수준을 높일 수 있는 방법을 탐색하기 위한 기초 연구 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The purpose of this study is to analyze the astronomical thinking level of elementary, middle, and high school students using ordered multiple choice items. For this purpose, we constructed a questionnaire comprising three items about spatial thinking and system thinking. This survey was conducted and applied to 1,066 students in the 5th grade, 8th grade, and 11th grade in 12 schools located in Gangwon Province. The collected student response data were analyzed by applying inferential statistics of classical test theory and Rasch model. The results of the analysis were as follows; First, in the level of spatial thinking, students were able to grasp the spatial location and orientation of the celestial body, but were not able to convert the celestial motion of two-dimensional plane into three-dimensional plane, and it was revealed that there is no statistically significant difference in the spatial thinking of students among grade levels. Second, in the level of system thinking, students were able to identify the components and relationship between components of the celestial motion system, but could not identify the patterns of the system, and it was revealed that there was statistically significant difference among the system thinking of students in different grade levels, unlike in spatial thinking. Third, the astronomical thinking expressed in certain context (content) was very similar regardless of grade level, Through this, we could confirm the context-dependency or content-dependency of the astronomical thinking of students. It is expected that the results of this study can be used as basic data for exploring ways to enhance astronomical thinking level in school science classes.

주제어

질의응답

핵심어	질문	논문에서 추출한 답변
	지구과학 학습에서 학생들이 천문 영역을 어렵게 생각하는 이유는?	지구과학 학습에서 학생들이 천문 영역을 어렵게 생각하는 것은 거대한 공간에서 역학적 관계를 이루며계속해서 움직이고 있는 천체들의 운동을 머릿속에 그려가며 시간의 변화에 따른 천체들의 상대적인 위치를 파악해야 하기 때문이다. 그러므로 천문 개념을 제대로 이해하기 위해서는 공간과 시스템에 대한 종합적인 이해가 필수적이다(Lee et al.
	학생들이 천문 개념이나 천문 현상이 나타나는 까닭을 이해하는데 어려움을 겪는 이유는 무엇인가요?	, 2015). 그러한 까닭은 천문에서 다루는 대상이 지구에서 원거리에 위치해 있고 반복적인 관찰이 불가능하며, 시공간적으로 규모가 매우 큰 조건에서 나타나는 현상이기 때문이다(Kim et al., 2005; NRC,1996; Ko et al.
	천문학적 사고가 무엇인가요?	, 2014). 천문학적 사고는 과학 내용지식으로서 천체의 운동과 구조를 다루는 것과 함께 학생들이 천체의 운동과 구조를 효과적으로 학습하기 위한 과학 탐구실행 능력을 길러주자는 취지에서 도입된 개념이다. 다시 말해, 학생들이 천문 개념및 천문 현상을 바르게 이해하기 위해서는 관련 지식의 습득만으로 한계가 있으며, 천문학적 사고를 통해그에 필요한 탐구실행 능력을 함께 길러주어야 한다는 것이다.

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용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

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