[논문]The Effects of Recording Distance and Viewing Distance on Presence, Perceptual Characteristics, and Negative Experiences in Stereoscopic 3D Video

Lee, Sanguk; Chung, Donghun

doi:10.5909/jbe.2019.24.7.1189

The Effects of Recording Distance and Viewing Distance on Presence, Perceptual Characteristics, and Negative Experiences in Stereoscopic 3D Video 원문보기

방송공학회논문지 = Journal of broadcast engineering, v.24 no.7, 2019년, pp.1189 - 1198

Lee, Sanguk (Department of Communication, Michigan State University) , Chung, Donghun (School of Media and Communications, Kwangwoon University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The study explores the effects of recording and viewing distances in stereoscopic 3D on presence, perceptual characteristics, and negative experiences. Groups of 20 participants were randomly assigned to each of the three viewing distances, and all participants were exposed to five versions of the stereoscopic 3D music video that differs in recording distance. The results showed that first, viewers felt a higher experience of presence and had a better perception of objects positioned near the cameras. Second, viewers felt a greater perception of screen transmission as the viewing distance increased. Finally, viewers felt a greater negative experiences due to the joint effects of recording and viewing distance. As investigating the influence of stereoscopic 3D content and viewing environments on psychological factors, the study expects to provide a guideline of human factors in 3D.

주제어

표/그림 (3)

그림 Fig. 1. Concept of Experimental Treatments.
표 Table 1. Reliability, Mean and Standard Deviation of Variables
표 Table 2. Results of Mixed-Design ANOVA

AI 본문요약
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문제 정의

Finally, spatial extension refers to the feeling of the three-dimensional effects. Given that the size, depth, and shape of S3D environments are affected by recording and viewing distance, the study explores how subjective feelings of objects (i.e., perceptual characteristics) are determined by those factors.
The study created a set of S3D music videos that have different recording distances and showed them people in different viewing distances. That is, the study explores how recording and viewing distances in S3D influence viewing experiences such as presence, perceptual characteristics, and negative experiences (i.e., fatigue and unnaturalness). In the next section, the study discusses previous studies with respect to the current research domain.

제안 방법

A mixed-design Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with recording distance as the within-subjects factor and viewing distance as the between-subjects factor was carried out to test the three research questions. The effects of recording distance (within-subject factor) and the interaction effect between recording distance and viewing distance are reported using univariate test results.
A set of subsequent analysis was also carried out on the subscales of perceptual characteristics to obtain more detailed results. Mauchly’s test with depth perception showed that the assumption of sphericity was violated (x²(9) = 31.
Given that the depth level of S3D content can also be changed by recording and viewing distances, the study explores how these features influence presence.
The current study intends to provide a holistic view of S3D viewing experiences by controlling the entire process of S3D system from the content production to the viewing environment. The study created a set of S3D music videos that have different recording distances and showed them people in different viewing distances. That is, the study explores how recording and viewing distances in S3D influence viewing experiences such as presence, perceptual characteristics, and negative experiences (i.
Two Cannon 7D digital cameras were used for shooting the videos, and a parallel stereo rig called CMT2000, made by MIRACUBE, was exploited to adjust the configuration of the cameras. The distance between the two cameras was fixed at 11.
Groups of 20 participants were randomly assigned to each of the three viewing distances for the between-subjects design. Up to the maximum number of four participants was included in each session, and each session provided the treatments in a different order based on a Latin square design to compensate for the order effect. All participants were exposed to the five different versions of the S3D music video for the within-subject design.

대상 데이터

Up to the maximum number of four participants was included in each session, and each session provided the treatments in a different order based on a Latin square design to compensate for the order effect. All participants were exposed to the five different versions of the S3D music video for the within-subject design. After watching each treatment, participants were asked to complete surveys about their experiences on the content.
55cm on the rig. The 3DTV used in the experiment was a Samsung UN46C7000, which had a screen sizeof 46 inches (width: 102cm, length: 57.5cm).
This study was carried out on 60 university students in Seoul, Korea, 33.7% of whom were male. The mean age of the participants was 21.

이론/모형

The video looks unnatural) [13]. All items were measured based on a 5-point Likert scale. The reliability, mean, and standard deviation of each variable are presented in Table 1.

성능/효과

However, as [1] argued, S3D systems such as content and viewing environments affect viewing experiences not only independently but also jointly. The results of the current study suggested that positive viewing experiences such as presence and perceptual characteristics are strongly associated with the content feature (i.e., recording distance), whereas negative viewing experiences are likely to be emerged by the joint influence of the content feature and the viewing environment (i.e., viewing distance). The results imply that future scholars can focus on content features when investigating positive viewing experiences, whereas they should adopt a more holistic evaluation approach when examining negative viewing experiences for S3D.

후속연구

The current study intends to provide a holistic view of S3D viewing experiences by controlling the entire process of S3D system from the content production to the viewing environment. The study created a set of S3D music videos that have different recording distances and showed them people in different viewing distances.

참고문헌 (20)

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상세보기
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상세보기
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