[논문]Humanitarian Documentary: A Comparison Study between VR and Non-VR Productions

Nunes, Thatiany Andrade; Lee, Hyunseok

doi:10.33851/jmis.2019.6.4.309

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Virtual Reality is broadly recognized as an "empathy machine". This reputation is due to the feeling of 'presence' that it provides to users, which is the sensation of being bodily present in a space, even when that space is virtual. The possibility of complete immersion attracts many creators looki...

Virtual Reality is broadly recognized as an "empathy machine". This reputation is due to the feeling of 'presence' that it provides to users, which is the sensation of being bodily present in a space, even when that space is virtual. The possibility of complete immersion attracts many creators looking to induce empathy and awareness about the most diverse subjects. One of the first types of VR non-fiction productions to be released was in the morally sensitive humanitarian documentary genre. This research aims to explore how VR productions differ from non-VR productions with a focus on humanitarian communication. Rather than targeting mechanical aspects of VR technology, this article compares the visual and narrative storytelling characteristics in VR and non-VR media. First, humanitarian communication and its nuances are explained. Then, 360° video filming characteristics are analyzed, followed by a comparison table contrasting VR and non-VR non-fiction. After evaluating VR non-fiction empirical studies, a discussion is initiated over the betterment of VR non-fiction storytelling in a way that could help it generate more empathy, since many productions seem to purely rely on the technology as a production novelty, and end up lacking emotional depth and audience engagement through story.

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표/그림 (8)

그림 Fig. 1. Scenes from , the girl's life goes from happy to heartbreaking.
그림 Fig. 2. and .
그림 Fig. 4. Diagram of the user looking at a different direction than the one the director aimed for.
그림 Fig. 3. A Scene from < In , the boy appears in the footage while he narrates.
그림 Fig 6. Distorted footage in , the boy is asymmetrical, the bicycle’s front has disappeared and the roof is uneven.
그림 Fig. 5. Decontee Davis crying in .
표 Table 1. Comparison table between VR and Non-VR.
그림 Fig. 7. , by providing some choice, is able tocreate more immersive storytelling.

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문제 정의

This study was part of a work in progress masters’ thesis on VR non-fiction titled ‘Tourism, History and Immersion: Understanding the World Through VR Non-fiction’. In this paper, the analysis of humanitarian documentary, as one of the most morally sensitive types of media, served the purpose of not only understanding the advantages of filming in VR, but how to use it to the best of its abilities in non-fiction. In addition, the material studied here is being applied on the development of a VR documentary, an experimental project that is a segment of the thesis.
It is also part of a work in progress thesis on VR non-fiction. Its secondary objective is to assist on the production of a VR documentary made as an experiment for this thesis, by helping identify the difficulties and technicalities when filming for VR media.
This article, besides its previously mentioned objectives, aspires to aid VR non-fiction content creators from a filming standpoint. It is also part of a work in progress thesis on VR non-fiction.
There are problems on how resources should be shared, and it is up to the NGO volunteers to try and solve them. This documentary focuses specifically on portraying the rush of being in a recently built camp, where materials and food are scarce. This can lead to heavy discussions and disagreements between the people that live there.
This study was part of a work in progress masters’ thesis on VR non-fiction titled ‘Tourism, History and Immersion: Understanding the World Through VR Non-fiction’.

제안 방법

In their study, the users experienced a story through different means, through text, 2D Video, 360º Video and VR with a head-mounted display.
This paper targets these productions’ narrative style through the use of different film techniques and tools, rather than on mechanical or mathematical aspects of VR head-mounted displays (HMD).
Humanitarian documentary, the object of this study, was chosen for being the most sensitive example of this type of media, as it is always trying to compel a moral reaction of viewers, be it VR or non-VR. Therefore, this study aims to answer the following research question: How different does VR portray non-fictional stories, specially of people in harsh living situations, such as those in refugee camps, when compared to non-VR? While answering this question, the article also examines what are the uses of VR in non-fiction and its advantages and disadvantages when filming. It also focuses on the challenges of working with a new technology such as VR, as opposed to the ones established for many years, when dealing with non-fiction.

참고문헌 (14)

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“VR Nonfiction: A Mediography”. Retrieved from: http://vrdocumentaryencounters.co.uk/vrmediography/vrmediography/listing/, 2019.
B. Irom, “Virtual reality and the Syrian refugee camps: Humanitarian communication and the politics of empathy”, International Journal of Communication, Vol. 12, No. 23, pp. 4269-4291, Sep. 2018.
10.1080/17503280.2017.1340796 K. Nash, “Virtual reality witness: exploring the ethics of mediated presence”, Studies in Documentary Film, vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 119-131, Jul. 2018. 10.1080/17503280.2017.1340796

상세보기
R. Hassan, “Digitality, “Virtual Reality and the ‘Empathy Machine’”, Digital Journalism, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21670811.2018.1517604, 2019. 10.1080/21670811.2018.1517604
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상세보기
D. Archer and K. Finger, “Walking in another’s virtual shoes: Do 360-degree video news stories generate empathy in viewers?” Tow Center for Digital Journalism, https://www.cjr.org/tow_center_reports/virtual-reality-news-empathy.php, 2018.
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L. Calogero, “Thinking in paradoxes: the more virtual it is, the more real it is. Food for thought about immersion,” in Proceeding of the i-docs 2016, Bristol, England, Apr. 2016.
A. Wiehl, “Being here|being there - being in|between: Experientiality, bodily presence and empathy in Karim Ben Khelifa’s VR Documentary The Enemy”, in Proceedings of the XVI Culture and Computer Science Conference, Berlin, Germany, May 2018.
J. Soler-Adillon, C. Sora, Interaction in Digital News Media, London, England, Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.

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