[논문]유전자 편집 기술에 의한 형질전환 가축의 생산 현황

박다솜; 김소섭; 구덕본; 강만종

doi:10.12750/jarb.34.3.148

유전자 편집 기술에 의한 형질전환 가축의 생산 현황
Current Status of Production of Transgenic Livestock by Genome Editing Technology 원문보기

Journal of animal reproduction and biotechnology = 한국동물생명공학회지, v.34 no.3, 2019년, pp.148 - 156

박다솜 (전남대학교 농업생명과학대학 동물자원학부) , 김소섭 (광개토한우) , 구덕본 (대구대학교 공과대학 생명공학과) , 강만종 (전남대학교 농업생명과학대학 동물자원학부)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The Transgenic livestock can be useful for the production of disease-resistant animals, pigs for xenotranplantation, animal bioreactor for therapeutic recombinant proteins and disease model animals. Previously, conventional methods without using artificial nuclease-dependent DNA cleavage system were used to produce such transgenic livestock, but their efficiency is known to be low. In the last decade, the development of artificial nucleases such as zinc-finger necleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas has led to more efficient production of knock-out and knock-in transgenic livestock. However, production of knock-in livestock is poor. In mouse, genetically modified mice are produced by coinjecting a pair of knock-in vector, which is a donor DNA, with a artificial nuclease in a pronuclear fertilized egg, but not in livestock. Gene targeting efficiency has been increased with the use of artificial nucleases, but the knock-in efficiency is still low in livestock. In many research now, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) methods used after selection of cell transfected with artificial nuclease for production of transgenic livestock. In particular, it is necessary to develop a system capable of producing transgenic livestock more efficiently by co-injection of artificial nuclease and knock-in vectors into fertilized eggs.

주제어

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문제 정의

따라서 본 총설에서는 유전자 가위를 이용하여 생산되는 유전자 적중 형질전환 가축의 현황을 살펴보고 그 방법 등에 대해서 가축에서의 응용에 대해서 기술하고자 한다.

질의응답

핵심어	질문	논문에서 추출한 답변
	형질전환 동물이란?	형질전환 동물은 고전적으로 인위적으로 유전공학 기술을 이용 하여 동물의 유전체에 외래 유전자가 도입된 동물을 말한다. 이러한 동물은 1982년 세계 최초로 미국의 Palmiter와 Brinster 그룹에 의하여 성장호르몬 유전자가 도입된 거대생쥐가 개발된 이후 1985년에는 Hammer 그룹에 의해서 가축인 토끼, 돼지, 양에서도 사람 성장호르몬을 생산하는 형질전환 가축이 개발된 이후 오랜 기간에 걸쳐 다양한 형질전환 동물이 생산되었다.
	형질전환동물의 생산 방법에는 어떤 것들이 있는가?	형질전환 동물 생산 기술은 모델 생물체에서 유전자의 기능의 검증, 질병모델 동물, 장기이식용 돼지 및 유용 단백질 생산 동물을 개발하는데 널리 이용되고 있다(Clark, 1998; Houdebine, 2000; Robl 등, 2007; Houdebine, 2009). 고전적으로 이러한 형질전환동물의 생산 방법에는 미세주입법(microinjection), 레트로바이러스 벡터법(retroviral vector), 배아줄기세포 및 체세포를 이용한 동물 복제법 등이 이용되어 왔다. 초기의 형질전환동물 생산은 주로 외래 유전자를 전핵기 수정란의 핵에 미세조작기를 이용하여 미세 주입한 후 대리모에 수정란을 이식하는 방법으로 개발되었다.
	기존의 형질전환동물 생산방법의 문제점 해결한 방법은?	따라서 이러한 부분을 해결하기 위하여 특정 유전자 위치에 상동유전자 재조합에 의하여 변이된 외래 유전자를 삽입하거나, 특정 엑손을 제거하거나 또는 점돌연변이를 도입하는 유전자 적중 (gene targeting) 방법이 개발되었다(Clark 등, 2000; Piedrahita, 2000; Denning과 Priddle, 2003; Wang과 Zhou, 2003).

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표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

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