Chen, Jin-Gyi
(Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University)
,
Choi, Eun-Hong
(Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu University)
,
Kim, Myoung-Kwon
(Department of Physical Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Daegu University)
PURPOSE: This study examined which stretching exercise had the most positive effect on increasing the range of motion (ROM) of the knee joint in healthy people and whether there was a difference between continuous stretching and intermittent stretching. METHODS: This study included 30 healthy univer...
PURPOSE: This study examined which stretching exercise had the most positive effect on increasing the range of motion (ROM) of the knee joint in healthy people and whether there was a difference between continuous stretching and intermittent stretching. METHODS: This study included 30 healthy university students from OOO University. The subjects were asked to sit on a mat and perform hamstring-stretching exercise during which the ROM and muscle tone were measured with pre and post-tests. Each subject was assigned randomly to a continuous stretching group (stretching without relaxation time group, n=10, G1) or intermittent stretching group (stretching with 10s relaxing time group, n=10, G2; and stretching with 20s relaxing time group, n=10, G3). The participants conducted hamstring stretching exercises with a sit-and-reach box at three different rest times (0s, 10s, and 20s). Subsequently, they underwent passive knee extension (PKE) tests, in which the ROM of the knee joint was measured with a goniometer, and the muscle tone was evaluated using a MyotonPro. RESULTS: Significant differences in muscle tone, stiffness, and ROM were observed between pre-test and post-test in each groups (p.05), the rate of change of the ROM showed that the intermittent stretching group developed more effective maintenance of the hamstring flexibility. CONCLUSION: No significant differences in the muscle tone of the hamstring and ROM of the knee joint were observed according to the hamstring stretching exercises with three different rest times. On the other hand, the rate of change of the ROM showed that intermittent stretching maintained the hamstring flexibility more effectively.
PURPOSE: This study examined which stretching exercise had the most positive effect on increasing the range of motion (ROM) of the knee joint in healthy people and whether there was a difference between continuous stretching and intermittent stretching. METHODS: This study included 30 healthy university students from OOO University. The subjects were asked to sit on a mat and perform hamstring-stretching exercise during which the ROM and muscle tone were measured with pre and post-tests. Each subject was assigned randomly to a continuous stretching group (stretching without relaxation time group, n=10, G1) or intermittent stretching group (stretching with 10s relaxing time group, n=10, G2; and stretching with 20s relaxing time group, n=10, G3). The participants conducted hamstring stretching exercises with a sit-and-reach box at three different rest times (0s, 10s, and 20s). Subsequently, they underwent passive knee extension (PKE) tests, in which the ROM of the knee joint was measured with a goniometer, and the muscle tone was evaluated using a MyotonPro. RESULTS: Significant differences in muscle tone, stiffness, and ROM were observed between pre-test and post-test in each groups (p.05), the rate of change of the ROM showed that the intermittent stretching group developed more effective maintenance of the hamstring flexibility. CONCLUSION: No significant differences in the muscle tone of the hamstring and ROM of the knee joint were observed according to the hamstring stretching exercises with three different rest times. On the other hand, the rate of change of the ROM showed that intermittent stretching maintained the hamstring flexibility more effectively.
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문제 정의
Donti [30] reported that intermittent stretching was more effective than continuous stretching for both long-term and acute ROM enhancement in preadolescent female athletes. This explains the results of the study, in which intermittent stretching increased the ROM significantly, leading to the maintenance of hamstring flexibility.
가설 설정
First, this study only investigated individuals. Second, the sample size was small. Third, only the range of motion and the quality of muscles were evaluated.
제안 방법
A 60-second stretching exercise program was conducted in this study. Many studies of hamstring flexibility have shown that 30s~60s of stretching is sufficient to increase the ROM [20].
All participants performed a hamstring stretching exercise with a sit-and-reach device and the evaluations in one day. The program for each group was conducted in the following three steps.
The program for each group was conducted in the following three steps. In the first step, a pre-test, five minutes sitting was performed to relax the hamstring muscle group followed by the PKE test to measure the ROM using a goniometer. Subsequently, the biceps femoris and semitendinosus were measured using a MyotonPro device.
G3 performed static stretching for 20 s, rested for 10s, stretched for 20 s, rested for 10 s, and finally stretched for 20 s. In the third step, the post-test, after 60 s of hamstring stretching exercise, a PKE test was conducted immediately to measure the ROM, and the muscle tone was evaluated with the MyotonPRO. All outcome measures obtained before and after treatment were assessed using a physical therapist, who was blinded to the treatment allocations.
The muscle tone of the biceps femoris and semitendinosus on the affected side was measured using MyotonPRO. MyotonPRO (Myoton AS, Tallinn, Estonia) was used to quantify the mechanical muscle properties objectively, and the measurement method was based on a registration of the oscillation acceleration signals and subsequent computing of the parameters reflecting the tone, dynamic stiffness, elasticity, and mechanical stress relaxation time. The principle behind the myotonometer was to apply multiple short impulses over the muscle bulk via the testing probe to generate oscillations in the muscle fibers [25].
The inclusion criteria were as follows: non-professional sports students, no pain or any significant history of the pathology of the hip, knee, or thigh within the last six months, and less than 70° passive knee extension (PKE) test.
The muscle tone, stiffness, and ROM were measured in this study. Each subject underwent each measurement in a random order.
Therefore, this study compared the effects of muscle tone and the ROM of the knee joints on the hamstring flexibility when different frequencies of the total time were used in conjunction with the same stretching exercise. Furthermore, the effects of continuous and intermittent stretching were compared.
This study employed a pre-test and a post-test design, and all assessments were performed on the left leg. For randomization, sealed envelopes were prepared in advance and marked inside with G1, G2, or G3.
대상 데이터
This study examined 30 healthy university students from OOO University, Korea. The inclusion criteria were as follows: non-professional sports students, no pain or any significant history of the pathology of the hip, knee, or thigh within the last six months, and less than 70° passive knee extension (PKE) test.
데이터처리
The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine the normality of the distribution; all data were distributed normally. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the changes in the muscle tone and the ROM according to hamstring stretching with different rest times (no relaxation, 10s relaxation, and 20s relaxation) in each subject, while a paired t-test was used to compare the intra-group differences. LSD was used for the post-hoc tests.
이론/모형
0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical analysis. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine the normality of the distribution; all data were distributed normally. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the changes in the muscle tone and the ROM according to hamstring stretching with different rest times (no relaxation, 10s relaxation, and 20s relaxation) in each subject, while a paired t-test was used to compare the intra-group differences.
성능/효과
Many studies of hamstring flexibility have shown that 30s~60s of stretching is sufficient to increase the ROM [20]. Although the post hoc test showed that the intervention did not produce a difference in muscle tone, hamstring stiffness, and knee joint ROM among G1, G2, and G3, the rate of change of the ROM was approximately 16.34% higher in G3 than in G1, whereas it increased by approximately 1.05% relative to G2. Gomes [28] reported that intermittent stretching did not reduce muscle endurance.
Second, the sample size was small. Third, only the range of motion and the quality of muscles were evaluated. Therefore, there was no functional evaluation of the subjects.
후속연구
Therefore, there was no functional evaluation of the subjects. Finally, this study could not identify the clinical effect and long term. Given these limitations, additional research, including a follow-up study of the continuous effects and investigations of the clinical effects in patients, is warranted.
Finally, this study could not identify the clinical effect and long term. Given these limitations, additional research, including a follow-up study of the continuous effects and investigations of the clinical effects in patients, is warranted.
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