Park, Byung Ki
(Nonghyup Feed Co., LTD)
,
Lee, Dong Kyo
(Nonghyup Feed Co., LTD)
,
Ahn, Jun Sang
(Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA)
,
Park, Joong Kook
(Nonghyup Feed Co., LTD)
,
Kim, Min Ji
(College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University)
,
Son, Gi Hwal
(College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University)
,
Shin, Jong Suh
(College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University)
Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary levels of tapioca residue on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat composition in Hanwoo steers. Methods: Twenty-eight steers were randomly assigned to one of four dietary groups; T0 (0% tapioca residue), T6.7 ...
Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary levels of tapioca residue on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat composition in Hanwoo steers. Methods: Twenty-eight steers were randomly assigned to one of four dietary groups; T0 (0% tapioca residue), T6.7 (6.7% tapioca residue), T9 (9% tapioca residue), and T12 (12% tapioca residue). Results: Supplementation with tapioca residue had no effect on overall growth performance. The concentration of plasma total cholesterol was higher in T6.7 than in other treatments (p<0.05). Dietary levels of tapioca residue did not affect carcass yield or the quality traits of Hanwoo steers. The lightness, redness, and yellowness of the longissimus muscle of Hanwoo steers were higher in T6.7 than in other treatments (p<0.05). Cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience were lower in T6.7 than in other treatments (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that supplementation with tapioca residue does not exert any negative effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat composition in Hanwoo steers. However, as the dietary level of tapioca residue increased, the intake of concentrate intake decreased, and tapioca supplementation greater than 6.7% did not substantially improved the marbling score.
Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary levels of tapioca residue on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat composition in Hanwoo steers. Methods: Twenty-eight steers were randomly assigned to one of four dietary groups; T0 (0% tapioca residue), T6.7 (6.7% tapioca residue), T9 (9% tapioca residue), and T12 (12% tapioca residue). Results: Supplementation with tapioca residue had no effect on overall growth performance. The concentration of plasma total cholesterol was higher in T6.7 than in other treatments (p<0.05). Dietary levels of tapioca residue did not affect carcass yield or the quality traits of Hanwoo steers. The lightness, redness, and yellowness of the longissimus muscle of Hanwoo steers were higher in T6.7 than in other treatments (p<0.05). Cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience were lower in T6.7 than in other treatments (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that supplementation with tapioca residue does not exert any negative effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat composition in Hanwoo steers. However, as the dietary level of tapioca residue increased, the intake of concentrate intake decreased, and tapioca supplementation greater than 6.7% did not substantially improved the marbling score.
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문제 정의
Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary levels of tapioca residue on growth performance, blood metabolites, carcass characteristics, and meat composition in the late fattening stages of Hanwoo steers.
제안 방법
Concentrate was provided three times daily (08:30, 13:00, and 17:00) using an automatic feeding system (SEOCHANG 65M/M, Seochang Co., Ltd., Cheonan, Korea) at approximately 1.8% of body weight (BW, as-fed basis) for the entire experimental period. Rice straw (dry matter 90.
Samples for the analyses of blood corpuscles were transferred to the laboratory and mixed using a roller mixer (1580RMulti-purpose Centrifuge, LABOGENE, Bjarkesvej, Denmark). Red blood cell (RBC), red cell distribution width (RDW), reticulocytes (RETIC), white blood cell (WBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), neutrophil count (NEU), eosinophil count (EO), basophil count (BA), lymphocyte count (LYM), leucocyte count with monocyte (MONO), and platelet count (PLT) were analyzed using a hematology analyzer (ProCyte Dx, IDEXX laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME, USA).
, Tokyo, Japan). The analyses included glucose, total cholesterol (TC), albumin, total protein, triglyceride (TG), total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, glutamic oxaloacetic-transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), creatinine, Ca, P, and magnesium (Mg).
데이터처리
The linear model was analyzed using SAS 9.1 [13] The package and variance analysis was performed using a Type III squared fit for unbalanced data among the four squares presented in the SAS/GLM analysis. The statistical significance of the differences between the least squares averages of the treatments were tested with the following null hypothesis at a significance level of 5%: Ho: lease squares means (LSM) (i) = LSM (j), where LSM (i(j)) is the least squares average of the I (j) effects (I ≠ j).
이론/모형
The formula percentages and nutrient contents of the concentrates are presented in Table 1. The chemical compositions of the experimental diets were analyzed by the standard methods of the AOAC [8].
The chemical compositions of the longissimus muscle were measured according to the standard methods of the AOAC[8]. To measure the pH of meat, approximately 10 g of longissimus muscle was cut into small pieces and homogenized with 90 mL of distilled water (PolyTron PT-2500 E, Kinematica, Lucerne, Switzerland).
The measurement of volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) was performed according to the method of Kim et al [11] using a Conway unit. Distilled water (90 mL) was added to longissimus muscle samples (10 g), was homogenized (PolyTron PT-2500 E, Kinematica, Switzerland), and subsequently centrifuged at 3,000×g for 10 min.
The determination of 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the longissimus muscle was performed according to the methods of Witte et al [12]. Briefly, each sample (10 g) was added to 25 mL of 20% trichloroacetic acid (in 2 M phosphoric acid) and homogenized for 30 s.
The least squares method was used to estimate the environmental effects on BW, ADG, blood characteristics, and carcass traits. The following linear model was used: yijkl = μ+TRTi +β1X1ij+ β2X2ik+eijkl, where μ = overall average; TRTi = treatment effect (1 −4); X1, X2 = the covariation of castration age and measurement month; β1, β2 = regression coefficient, and eijkl = random error effect.
성능/효과
2) Grading ranges are 1 to 9 for marbling score, where higher numbers indicate better quality (1 = devoid, 9 = abundant); meat color (1 = bright red, 7 = dark red); texture (1= soft, 3 = firm); and maturity (1 = youthful, 9 = mature).
In conclusion, supplementing the diets of Hanwoo steers with tapioca residue had no negative effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat composition. However, as the dietary level of tapioca residue increased, the concentrate intake decreased, and thus supplementing diets with more than 6.
In conclusion, supplementing the diets of Hanwoo steers with tapioca residue had no negative effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat composition. However, as the dietary level of tapioca residue increased, the concentrate intake decreased, and thus supplementing diets with more than 6.7% tapioca hardly improved the marbling score.
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