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미세플라스틱의 해양 생태계에 대한 영향과 향후 연구 방향
The effects of microplastics on marine ecosystem and future research directions 원문보기

환경생물 = Korean journal of environmental biology, v.37 no.4, 2019년, pp.625 - 639  

김강희 (안전성평가연구소 경남환경독성본부 환경생물연구그룹) ,  황정혜 (안전성평가연구소 경남환경독성본부 환경생물연구그룹) ,  최진수 (안전성평가연구소 경남환경독성본부 환경생물연구그룹) ,  허윤위 (안전성평가연구소 경남환경독성본부 환경생물연구그룹) ,  박준우 (안전성평가연구소 경남환경독성본부 환경생물연구그룹)

초록
AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

오늘날 해양 생태계를 위협하는 물질의 하나로 주목받고 있는 미세플라스틱에 대하여 해양생물에 대한 유해성 등의 연구 현황을 종합하고 향후 연구 방향에 대하여 제안하고자 한다. 미세플라스틱은 5 mm 이하의 합성 고분자화합물로, 환경으로 배출된 이들 물질은 물리적으로 크기가 작을 뿐만 아니라 시간이 지남에 분해되지 않아 육지와 해양의 연안부터 원양까지, 표층과 심해에도 광범위하게 축적된다. 미세플라스틱은 해양 생물에게 섭식 및 축적될 수 있으며, 플라스틱에 첨가된 화학물질의 용출로 인한 위험성도 존재한다. 해양에 축적된 미세플라스틱은 해양 생물의 성장과 발달, 행동, 번식 및 사망 등에 영향을 끼친다. 다만 미세플라스틱의 특성은 크기, 재질, 모양 등 매우 다양하며, 몇가지 특성의 미세플라스틱으로 수행된 독성 시험이 다른 모든 미세플라스틱의 위해성을 대표할 수 없다. 때문에 미세플라스틱의 유형에 따른 위해성의 경향을 확인할 필요가 있으나, 미세플라스틱의 다양성으로 인해 여러 연구 결과에 통일성이 없어 비교 및 분석이 어렵다. 따라서 미세플라스틱의 유형에 따른 생물학적 위험을 추정하기 위해 표준시험법의 도출이 필요하다. 또한, 기존 연구의 대부분은 실험의 편의에 의해 대부분 구형을 대상으로 이루어지고있으나, 해양환경과 어패류에서 발견되는 미세플라스틱의 형태는 섬유 및 파편이 주류인 현실을 제대로 반영하고 있지 못하다. 더불어 플라스틱에 들어있는 첨가제 및 흡착 유해물질에 대한 연구는 있으나, 미세플라스틱의 형태로 생물의 체내로 들어갔을 때의 독성영향에 대하여 알려진 바는 거의 없다. 표준시험법의 개발, 구형보다 섬유와 파편 형태의 미세플라스틱에 대하여, 그리고 첨가제와 흡착 유해물질에 대한 연구가 진행된다면 해양 생태계 및 인간에 대한 미세플라스틱의 영향을 보다 상세히 파악할 수 있을 것이다.

Abstract AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

Microplastics are one of the substances threatening the marine ecosystem. Here, we summarize the status of research on the effect of microplastics on marine life and suggest future research directions. Microplastics are synthetic polymeric compounds smaller than 5 mm and these materials released int...

주제어

AI 본문요약
AI-Helper 아이콘 AI-Helper

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문제 정의

  • 본 논문을 통해 미세플라스틱에 대한 정의, 해양의 분포, 해양생물에 대한 유해성 등의 연구 현황을 분석하여 그 결과를 보고하고, 향후 연구 방향에 대하여 제안하고자 한다.
  • 오늘날 해양 생태계를 위협하는 물질의 하나로 주목받고 있는 미세플라스틱에 대하여 해양생물에 대한 유해성 등의 연구 현황을 종합하고 향후 연구 방향에 대하여 제안하고자 한다. 미세플라스틱은 5mm 이하의 합성 고분자화합물로, 환경으로 배출된 이들 물질은 물리적으로 크기가 작을 뿐만 아니라 시간이 지남에 분해되지 않아 육지와 해 양의 연안부터 원양까지, 표층과 심해에도 광범위하게 축적된다.
본문요약 정보가 도움이 되었나요?

질의응답

핵심어 질문 논문에서 추출한 답변
플라스틱의 특징은 무엇인가? 플라스틱은 생산 비용이 낮고 가소성이 높아 산업적 활용도가 무한에 가까우며, 자연적으로 분해가 잘 되지 않는다는 점이 가장 큰 특징이다. 시간이 지날수록 물리적인 마모나 풍화, UV, 온도 변화 등에 의해 눈에 보이지 않는 작은 조각으로 분해된다(Andrady 2011).
5mm이하의 작은 플라스틱 입자는 생성 과정에 따라 어떻게 분류되는가? 2004), 기존의 플라스틱 쓰레기와 더불어 해양 환경과 생태계를 위협하고 있는 물질이다. 생성 과정에 따라 1차 미세플라스틱(primary microplastics) 과 2차 미세플라스틱(secondary microplastics)으로 분류한다. 1차 미세플라스틱은 치약, 세안제, 스크럽뿐만 아니라 공업용 연마제 등의 상품을 위해 처음부터 만들어진 것으로(Friot and Boucher 2017), 작은 크기로 인해 환경으로 유입될 가능성이 있지만 하수처리장의 입자성 물질 여과로 대부분이 제거된다(Carr et al.
미세플라스틱의 특징은 무엇인가? 미세플라스틱은 크기가 작아 수중의 금속, 폴리염화비페닐, 기타 유독 물질과 화학적 친화도가 높다(Talsness et al. 2009).
질의응답 정보가 도움이 되었나요?

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