[논문]반탄화목분 Paste상 응집제의 수생태계 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

YANG, Seung Min; LEE, Seok Eon; PARK, Hae Keum; KANG, Seog Goo

doi:10.5658/wood.2019.47.6.709

초록
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지구온난화와 이상기후의 발생으로 매년 하절기 취수원 및 하천의 녹조발생 빈도 및 규모와 이를 처리하기 위한 비용이 증대되고 있는 실정이다. 국내의 경우 녹조발생 현장에 황토의 살포와 정수 및 하수처리장은 Alum과 PAC와 같은 알루미늄 계열의 응집제를 첨가하여 수중의 영양염류를 제어하고 있다. 그러나 응집제의 과다투입은 사람에게 중추신경계의 병을 유발할 수 있으며, 2차적으로 동 식물의 고사 등과 같은 악영향을 미칠 수 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 천연재료로 병충해 피해를 입은 목재를 재이용하여 친환경 양전하성 반탄화목분과 응집제를 개발하였으며, 개발된 응집제를 이용한 오염수의 처리시 TOC와 $NH_3-N$, pH, 생태독성을 분석하여 개발한 응집제의 효과와 수생태계에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 한다. 응집제의 수생태계에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 녹조 오염수를 채수하였으며, TOC의 경우 1%와 5% 반탄화목분 C-PAM의 처리조건에서 86-92%로 높은 제거율을 나타냈다. $NH_3-N$의 경우 53% 제거효율을 나타냈으며, 수소이온농도의 경우 녹조가 발생된 오염수의 평균 pH 7.9였으며, 처리수의 수소이온농도는 pH 6.5-7.7사이로 수질환경기준에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 생태독성실험 결과 모든 실험결과에서 물벼룩이 사멸하지 않고 생존함으로써 녹조수와 처리수 모두 독성의 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발한 양전하성 표면개질처리 반탄화목분의 수생태계에 미치는 영향평가를 위해 TOC, $NH_3-N$, pH, Chlorophyll-a, 생태독성을 분석한 결과 천연자원을 활용한 조류제거가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

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Due to global warming and abnormal climate, the incidence and scale of green tracts in rivers and water intake dam are increasing every year. Therefore, in this study, developed eco friendly positively charged Torrefied Wood Flour(TWF) coagulant by reusing wood damaged by blight as a natural materia...

Due to global warming and abnormal climate, the incidence and scale of green tracts in rivers and water intake dam are increasing every year. Therefore, in this study, developed eco friendly positively charged Torrefied Wood Flour(TWF) coagulant by reusing wood damaged by blight as a natural material. In order to evaluate the effect of coagulant on water ecosystem, green algae contaminated water was collected and TOC showed high removal rate of 86% ~ 92% under 1% and 5% TWF C-PAM treatment condition. The $NH_3-N$ showed 53% removal efficiency. The average pH of the polluted water was 7.9 in the case of hydrogen ion concentration, and the pH of the treated water was in the range of 6.5 ~ 7.7, It was found to be suitable for water quality standards. In ecotoxicity tests, all the results of the experiment showed that both the number of green algae and that of treated water were not affected by the survival of the daphnia. Therefore, as a result of the analyzing, developed paste type TWF coagulants is considered to be able to remove algae using natural resources.

주제어

표/그림 (6)

표 Table 1. Mix ratio of TWF in 0.2% C-PAM 500㎖
그림 Fig. 1. Comparison of Ammonia Concentration change depending on samples and input conditions.
표 Table 2. Characteristics of algal bloom water in Yedang reservoir
표 Table 3. Comparison of Total Organic Carbon removal rate according to samples input
그림 Fig. 2. Comparison of pH change depending on samples and input conditions.
표 Table 4. EC₅₀ Comparison of treated water according to samples input

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문제 정의

The paste type coagulants developed in this study was used to evaluate the removal of contaminated items such as organic carbon and ammonia, and variables that affect aquatic ecosystems such as pH and ecotoxicity. The results showed that organic carbon showed a high removal rate corresponding to the addition of the appropriate amount of coagulants developed in this study. On the other hand, since ammonium ions exist in water in the form of dissolved ions, they are not easily deagglomerated due to the chemical bonding reaction required when removing the dissolved substances, which may have led to the difficulty in ammonium removal.
Although green algae removal efficiency was shown to be high, further research is needed due to lack of research on the removal rate and ecotoxicity of organic matter in water. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the impact on the elimination of pollution materials and ecotoxicity when paste type flocculants that have been developed with torrefied wood powder are used in water. Evaluation items include pH, total organic carbon, ammonia, and ecotoxicity.

가설 설정

1) Total organic carbon was removed between 59%-91% in all treatment conditions. The relatively low removal rate of 59% seemed to be due to organic carbon and organic substances that appeared in the water when the input amount of torrefied wood flour was increased, which may have reduced the TOC removal rate.

제안 방법

In this study, the effects of pollutants and the ecotoxicity on the ecosystem were investigated using the paste type coagulant prepared by mixing and stirring cationic PAM and torrefied wood flour prepared by superheated steam treatment, which leads to the following conclusions.
It was manufactured by using superheated heavy treatment in which rapid heat treatment is possible to use steam at high temperature. It was made by Seungjin Inc. under the conditions of 300 and 350 degrees in temperature and 10, 15, 20 and 25 minutes in time, respectively. After the grinding process, a torrefied wood powder of 75-106 um size was used.
The paste type coagulants developed in this study was used to evaluate the removal of contaminated items such as organic carbon and ammonia, and variables that affect aquatic ecosystems such as pH and ecotoxicity. The results showed that organic carbon showed a high removal rate corresponding to the addition of the appropriate amount of coagulants developed in this study.
, 2015). Thus, in this study, the ecotoxicity of green algae contaminated water in the sample was analyzed by using water fleas to evaluate the presence of toxic substances due to green algae. In order to evaluate the presence of toxic substances according to the addition of the developed flocculant, the paste type flocculant treatment was performed.

대상 데이터

2017-4)』. The daphnia used in the test was daphnia magna straus, with less than 24 hours of growth, that came from a more-than-two-weeks-old adult.
Green algae contaminated water from Yedang Reservoir, Yesan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea was collected to evaluate the removal rate of pollutants and ecotoxicity. The measured items included total organic carbon, ammonia and hydrogen ion concentration between the green algae polluted water and the treated water. Green algae contaminated water in Yedang reservoir was analyzed and its results are shown in Table 2.
The test material used for torrefied wood powder included oak chips for pulp with a water content of 12% equal to that of wood powder. It was manufactured by using superheated heavy treatment in which rapid heat treatment is possible to use steam at high temperature.
To evaluate the removal rate and the ecotoxicity of the test samples, green algae contaminated water was collected in Yeongdang Reservoir in Chungcheongnamdo. 700 ml of algae water was added to a 1 ℓ beaker, which was rapidly stirred at 800 rpm for 30 seconds depending on the type of sample and the dosage conditions (1 g, 2 g, 5 g, 10 g), and it was allowed to settle for 20 minutes.

이론/모형

The experiment was performed with four repetitions of five daphnia in filtered water. After 48 hours of exposure, acute half-effect impact concentration (EC50) was calculated using the Trimmed Spearmen-karber (TSK) method.
Ecotoxicity of the algae contaminated water and the treated water was measured using the acute toxicity test involving daphnia (ES 04704.1a) of 『Water Pollution Process Test Criteria (No. 2017-4)』. The daphnia used in the test was daphnia magna straus, with less than 24 hours of growth, that came from a more-than-two-weeks-old adult.
Total organic carbon concentrations of the algae contaminated water and the treated water were measured using a TOC analyzer (multi N / C3100, Jena, Germany) according to the total organic carbon (ES 04311.2b) test criteria of 『Water Pollution Process Test Criteria (No. 2017-4)』.

성능/효과

2) pH and ecotoxicity had a direct impact on aquatic organisms and the initial pH of the algae contaminated water was 7.9. When treated with paste type coagulant the pH was 7-7.

후속연구

, 2017). Although green algae removal efficiency was shown to be high, further research is needed due to lack of research on the removal rate and ecotoxicity of organic matter in water. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the impact on the elimination of pollution materials and ecotoxicity when paste type flocculants that have been developed with torrefied wood powder are used in water.
Therefore, the coagulants developed in this study seems to be more effective in removing organic materials such as green algae and TOC from intake and lake sources than in treating dissolved organic substances. However, in order to solve the problems of polluted water with ecotoxicity, further studies are needed on removing toxic substances and selectively removing ionic contaminants dissolved in water.

참고문헌 (16)

Ives, K.J. 1959. The significance of surface electric charge on algal in water purification. Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1(1): 37-47.

상세보기
Kim, M.K., Moon, B.R., Kim, T.K., Zoh, K.D. 2015. A study on production and removal of microcyctin, taste and odor compounds from algal bloom in the water treatment processes. The Korean Journal of Public Health 52(1): 33-42.
Lee, D.B., Kim, B.J. 2016. A study on the thermal properties and activation energy of rapidly torrefied oak wood powder using non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 44(1): 96-105.

원문보기 상세보기
Ministry of Environment. 2017. A study on the revision of the water pollution standard method. ES 04311.2b(Total Organic): 218-226.
Ministry of Environment. 2017. A study on the revision of the water pollution standard method. ES 04355.1b(Ammonium Nitrogen): 343-351.
Ministry of Environment. 2017. A study on the revision of the water pollution standard method. ES 04306.1b(Potential of Hydrogen): 165-171.
Ministry of Environment. 2017. A study on the revision of the water pollution standard method. ES 04704.1a(Acute Toxicity Test Method of the Daphnia Magna Straus(Cladocera, Crustacea)): 1165-1173.
Moon, H.N.M., Park, J.H., Park, C.M., Namgung, J., Kim, K.H., Yeo, I.K. 2017. Physiological responses of gray mullet mugil cephalus to low-ph water. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Auatic Sciences 50(2): 1153-159.
Nam, J.B., Yang, S.M., Lee, S.E., Kang, S.G. 2018. Evaluation of antioxidant activities of water extract from microwave torrefied oak wood. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 46(2): 178-188.

원문보기 상세보기
Park, Y.J., Lee, S.S., Cho, H.R. 2015. Studies on the flocculation of algal with metal ions. Journal of Korean Society Environmental Engineers 37(8): 441-449.

원문보기 상세보기
Park, J.Y., Jun, H.B. 2016. Evaluation of algae removal efficiency by using multi algae removal and skimmer devices in stagnant watershed. Journal of Industrial Science and Technology Institute 30(2): 29-34.
Watershed Ecology Research Team. 2012. Long-term roadmap for algal related R&D. National Institute of Environment Research.
Yang, S.M., Lee, H.J., Choi, C., Kim, H.J., Lee, W.J., Kang, S.G. 2016. Study on adsorption performance of surface modified torrefied wood flour using cationic PAM. Journal of Korea TAPPI 48(6): 271-276.
Yang, S.M., Lee, H.J., Nam, J.B., Oh, G.H., Lee, S.E., Kang, S.G. 2017. A study on the removal of algal bloom using positively charged torrefied wood flour. Journal of Korea TAPP 49(6): 31-37.
Yang, S.M., Kang, S.G. 2018. A study on the adsorption performance of algal bloom using positively charged torrefied wood flour. Proceeding of the Korean Society of Wood Science and Technology, pp. 58.
Yang, S.M., Nam, J.B., Oh, G.H., Kang. S.G. 2017. Utilization measures verification of algal bloom remover agent and T-P removal efficiency of surface modified torrefied wood flour according to the superheated steam torrefaction treatment condition. Proceeding of the Korean Society of Wood Science and Technology, pp. 57.

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반탄화목분 Paste상 응집제의 수생태계 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
A Study on the Impacts of Paste Type Torrefied Wood Flour Coagulants on Water Ecosystem 원문보기

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반탄화목분 Paste상 응집제의 수생태계 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 A Study on the Impacts of Paste Type Torrefied Wood Flour Coagulants on Water Ecosystem 원문보기

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반탄화목분 Paste상 응집제의 수생태계 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
A Study on the Impacts of Paste Type Torrefied Wood Flour Coagulants on Water Ecosystem 원문보기

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