$\require{mediawiki-texvc}$

연합인증

연합인증 가입 기관의 연구자들은 소속기관의 인증정보(ID와 암호)를 이용해 다른 대학, 연구기관, 서비스 공급자의 다양한 온라인 자원과 연구 데이터를 이용할 수 있습니다.

이는 여행자가 자국에서 발행 받은 여권으로 세계 각국을 자유롭게 여행할 수 있는 것과 같습니다.

연합인증으로 이용이 가능한 서비스는 NTIS, DataON, Edison, Kafe, Webinar 등이 있습니다.

한번의 인증절차만으로 연합인증 가입 서비스에 추가 로그인 없이 이용이 가능합니다.

다만, 연합인증을 위해서는 최초 1회만 인증 절차가 필요합니다. (회원이 아닐 경우 회원 가입이 필요합니다.)

연합인증 절차는 다음과 같습니다.

최초이용시에는
ScienceON에 로그인 → 연합인증 서비스 접속 → 로그인 (본인 확인 또는 회원가입) → 서비스 이용

그 이후에는
ScienceON 로그인 → 연합인증 서비스 접속 → 서비스 이용

연합인증을 활용하시면 KISTI가 제공하는 다양한 서비스를 편리하게 이용하실 수 있습니다.

제약단지 인접 지역 지표수의 잔류 의약물질 생태위해성평가
Ecological Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals in the Surface Water Near a Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Complex in Korea 원문보기

韓國環境保健學會誌 = Journal of environmental health sciences, v.46 no.1, 2020년, pp.45 - 64  

박수현 (용인대학교 자연과학연구소) ,  강하병 (서울대학교 보건대학원) ,  신혜수 (서울대학교 보건대학원) ,  유일한 (용인대학교 산업환경보건학과) ,  최경호 (서울대학교 보건대학원) ,  고영림 (을지대학교 보건환경안전학과) ,  박경화 (국립환경과학원) ,  김경태 (국립환경과학원) ,  지경희 (용인대학교 산업환경보건학과)

Abstract AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

Objectives: Limited information is available on the presence and associated ecological risks of pharmaceutical residues in aquatic environments near pharmaceutical manufacturing areas in Korea. In this study, we investigated the current state of pharmaceutical contamination and its associated ecolog...

주제어

표/그림 (12)

AI 본문요약
AI-Helper 아이콘 AI-Helper

* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.

문제 정의

  • 본 연구에서는 국내 제약분야 전문산업단지 근처의 하천에서 우리나라에서 다량, 다빈도로 사용되는 7종 의약물질의 농도를 분석하였으며, 두 가지 방법(결정론적 방법, 확률론적 방법)으로 예측무영향농도를 산출한 후 생태 위해성을 평가하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 잠재적 오염우심지역의 환경 중 의약물질 관리 방향을 제시하는 데 활용될 수 있다.
본문요약 정보가 도움이 되었나요?

질의응답

핵심어 질문 논문에서 추출한 답변
폐수처리장 유입수에서 검출된 의약물질의 종류는? 6) 그러나 하천 모니터링 프로그램에 국한되어 제약회사, 축산단지 인근과 같이 의약물질의 도달 가능성이 높은 잠재적 오염우심지역의 환경 중 모니터링 자료는 부족하다. 우리나라 병원, 축산시설, 폐수처리장에서 24개 의약물질의 농도를 분석한 연구에서는 폐수처리장 유입수에서 비스페로이드성 소염제, 카페인(caffeine), 카바마제핀(carbamazepine)이 다빈도로 검출되었으며, 아세트아미노펜(acetaminophen)이 평균 29.1 µg/L, 디클로페낙(diclofenac)이 181 µg/L, 메페남산(mefenamic acid)이 14.2 µg/L로 검출되었다.7) 밀집형 가축사육시설(CAFO) 인근의 하천수에서는 상류 지점보다 고농도로 의약물질이 검출되었으며, 아세트아미노펜이 최고 38.
의약물질은 무엇인가? 의약물질은 사람과 동물의 질병을 예방, 치료하거나 축산의 생산성 향상을 위해 개발된 화학물질로,생리학적 활성이 커 생태계에 부정적 영향을 초래할수 있는 잠재적인 환경오염물질이다.1) 이러한 의약물질은 제조 공장, 병원, 농경지, 축산시설, 가정 등 다양한 오염원을 통해 환경 중으로 배출될 수 있다.
국내 잔류의약물질에 대한 연구의 한계점은 무엇인가? 우리나라의 물환경 중 잔류의약물질에 대한 연구는 2006년부터 시작되어 약 50여종의 의약물질에 대한 검출농도와 검출빈도가 보고되었다.6) 그러나 하천 모니터링 프로그램에 국한되어 제약회사, 축산단지 인근과 같이 의약물질의 도달 가능성이 높은 잠재적 오염우심지역의 환경 중 모니터링 자료는 부족하다. 우리나라 병원, 축산시설, 폐수처리장에서 24개 의약물질의 농도를 분석한 연구에서는 폐수처리장 유입수에서 비스페로이드성 소염제, 카페인(caffeine), 카바마제핀(carbamazepine)이 다빈도로 검출되었으며, 아세트아미노펜(acetaminophen)이 평균 29.
질의응답 정보가 도움이 되었나요?

참고문헌 (105)

  1. Carlsson C, Johansson AK, Alvan G, Bergman K, Kuhler T. Are pharmaceuticals potent environmental pollutants?: Part I: environmental risk assessments of selected active pharmaceutical ingredients. Sci Total Environ. 2006; 364(1-3): 67-87. 

  2. Daughton CG. Chapter 2-Pharmaceuticals in the environment: sources and their management. Compr Anal Chem. 2013; 62: 37-69. 

  3. Kummerer K. The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment due to human use-present knowledge and future challenges. J Environ Manage. 2009; 90(8): 2354-2366. 

  4. Ebele AJ, Abdallah MAE, Harrad S. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the freshwater aquatic environment. Emerging Contaminants. 2017; 3(1): 1-16. 

  5. Rehman MS, Rashid N, Ashfaq M, Saif A, Ahmad N, Han JI. Global risk of pharmaceutical contamination from highly populated developing countries. Chemosphere. 2015; 138: 1045-1055. 

  6. National Institute of Environmental Research. Risk Assessment of Major Pharmaceutical Residues in the Environment, and Future Research Directions. NIER-SP2012-169. Seoul National University, Eulji University, Soonchunhyang University, Chungbuk National University. 2012. 

  7. Sim WJ, Lee JW, Lee ES, Shin SK, Hwang SR, Oh JE. Occurrence and distribution of pharmaceuticals in wastewater from households, livestock farms, hospitals and pharmaceutical manufactures. Chemosphere. 2011; 82(2): 179-186. 

  8. Kim B, Ji K, Kim C, Kang H, Lee S, Kwon B, et al. Pharmaceutical residues in streams near concentrated animal feeding operations of Korea-occurrences and associated ecological risks. Sci Total Environ. 2019; 655: 408-413. 

  9. National Institute of Environmental Research. Monitoring of Hazardous Substances in Environmental Media for Exposure Assessment. NIER-SP2017-307. Changwon University. 2017. 

  10. Sanchez W, Sremski W, Piccini B, Palluel O, Maillot-Marechal E, Betoulle S, et al. Adverse effects in wild fish living downstream from pharmaceutical manufacture discharges. Environ Int. 2011; 37(8): 1342-1348. 

  11. Larsson DGJ. Pollution from drug manufacturing: review and perspectives. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2014; 369(1656): 20130571. 

  12. Painter MM, Buerkley MA, Julius ML, Vajda AM, Norris DO, Barber LB, et al. Antidepressants at environmentally relevant concentrations affect predator avoidance behavior of larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Environ Toxicol Chem. 2009; 28(12): 2677-2684. 

  13. Kwak K, Ji K, Kho Y, Kim P, Lee J, Ryu J, et al. Chronic toxicity and endocrine disruption of naproxen in freshwater waterfleas and fish, and steroidogenic alteration using H295R cell assay. Chemosphere. 2018; 204: 156-162. 

  14. Jung Collard HR, Ji K, Lee S, Liu X, Kang S, Kho Y, et al. Toxicity and endocrine disruption in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and two freshwater invertebrates (Daphnia magna and Moina macrocopa) after chronic exposure to mefenamic acid. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2013; 94: 80-86. 

  15. National Institute of Environmental Research. Research on Risk Assessment of Pharmaceutical in the Environment for Preparing the Future Management Strategies (II). NIER-SP2014-228. Seoul National University of Science & Technology. 2014. 

  16. Verlicchi P, Aukidy MA, Galletti A, Petrovic M, Barcelo D. Hospital effluent: investigation of the concentrations and distribution of pharmaceuticals and environmental risk assessment. Sci Total Environ. 2012; 430: 109-118. 

  17. Frederic O, Yves P. Pharmaceuticals in hospital wastewater: their ecotoxicity and contribution to the environmental hazard of the effluent. Chemosphere. 2014; 115: 31-39. 

  18. Korea Meteorological Administration. 2019. Weather Information. [Available at: https://www.weather.go.kr/w/index.do]. 

  19. National Institute of Environmental Research. Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals with Potential Ecological Risks. NIER-SP2016-221. Seoul National University. 2016. 

  20. Klimisch HJ, Andreae M, Tillmann U. A systematic approach for evaluating the quality of experimental toxicological and ecotoxicological data. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 1997; 25: 1-5. 

  21. European Communities. Common Implementation Strategy for the Water FrameWork Directive (2000/60/EC) Guidance Document No. 27: Technical Guidance for Deriving Environmental Quality Standards. Technical Report-2011-055. 2011. 

  22. National Institute of Environmental Research. Notice No. 2014-48. Annex 4. Regulations on Specific Methods of Chemical Risk Assessment. 2014. 

  23. National Institute of Environmental Research. Research on Analytic Method of Residual Pharmaceutical and Investigation on Actual Condition (IV). Kongju University. 2011. 

  24. National Institute of Environmental Research. Development of Analytical Method and Study of Exposure of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Environment. Kyonggi University, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Interface Info Tech. 2006. 

  25. Choi K, Kim Y, Jung J, Kim MH, Kim CS, Kim NH, et al. Occurrences and ecological risks of roxithromycin, trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol in the Han river, Korea. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2008; 27(3): 711-719. 

  26. National Institute of Environmental Research. Development of Analytical Method and Study of Exposure of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Environment (II). Kyonggi University, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 2007. 

  27. Kim JW, Yoon SM, Lee SJ, Narumiya M, Nakada N, Han IS, et al. Occurrence and fate of PPCPs wastewater treatment plants in Korea. 2012 2nd International Conference on Environment and Industrial Innovation. 35: 57-61. 

  28. Lee SH, Jung HW, Jung JY, Min HJ, Kim BR, Park CG, et al. Characteristics of occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the Nakdong river. J Kor Soc Environ Eng. 2013; 35(1): 45-56. 

  29. Han GH, Hur HG, Kim SD. Ecotoxicological risk of pharmaceuticals from wastewater treatment plants in Korea: occurrence and toxicity to Daphnia magna. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2006; 25: 265-271. 

  30. Ryu J, Yoon Y, Oh J. Occurrence of endocrine disrupting compounds and pharmaceuticals in 11 WWTPs in Seoul, Korea. J Civil Eng. 2011; 15(1): 57-64. 

  31. Uhm JH, Chang TS, Hong YM, Park JE, Kim H. Removal of pharmaceutical compounds in conventional wastewater treatment plant. J Korea Soc Environ Anal. 2012; 15(2): 98-106. 

  32. National Institute of Environmental Research. Investigation on Residual Drug Analysis Methodology (III). Kongju University. 2010. 

  33. Lin AYC, Yu TH, Lin CF. Pharmaceutical contamination in residential, industrial, and agricultural waste streams: risk to aqueous environments in Taiwan. Chemosphere 2008; 74: 131-141. 

  34. Lin AYC, Tsai YT. Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in Taiwan's surface waters: impact of waste streams from hospitals and pharmaceutical production facilities. Sci Total Environ. 2009; 407: 3793-3802. 

  35. Bartelt-hunt SL, Snow DD, Damon T, Shockley J, Hoagland K. The occurrence of illicit and therapeutic pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluent and surface waters in Nebraska. Environ Pollut. 2009; 157: 786-791. 

  36. Kleywegt S, Pileggi V, Lam YM, Elises A, Puddicomb A, Purba G, et al., The contribution of pharmaceutically active compounds from healthcare facilities to a receiving sewage treatment plant in Canada. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2016; 35(4): 850-862. 

  37. Khan GA, Berglund B, Khan KM, Lindgren PE, Fick J. Occurrence and abundance of antibiotics and resistance genes in rivers, canal and near drug formulation facilities-a study in Pakistan. PloS one. 2013; 8(6): e62712. 

  38. Nunes B, Antunes SC, Santos J, Martins L, Castro BB. Toxic potential of paracetamol to freshwater organisms: a headache to environmental regulators? Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2014; 107: 178-185. 

  39. Henschel KP, Wenzel A, Diedrich M, Fliedner A. Environmental hazard assessment of pharmaceuticals. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1997; 25: 220-225. 

  40. Watanabe H, Tamura I, Abe R, Takanobu H, Nakamura A, Suzuki T, et al. Chronic toxicity of an environmentally relevant mixture of pharmaceuticals to three aquatic organisms (alga, daphnid, and fish). Environ Toxicol Chem. 2016; 35(4): 996-1006. 

  41. Brain RA, Johnson DJ, Richards SM, Sanderson H, Sibley PK, Solomon KR. Effects of 25 pharmaceutical compounds to Lemna gibba using a seven-day static-renewal test. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2004; 23: 371-382. 

  42. Li MH. Chronic toxicity of 30 pharmaceutically active compounds to freshwater planarians, Dugesia japonica. Toxicol Environ Chem. 2013; 95: 1157-1170. 

  43. Du J, Mei CF, Ying GG, Xu MY. Toxicity thresholds for diclofenac, acetaminophen and ibuprofen in the water flea Daphnia magna. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2016; 97: 84-90. 

  44. Dave G, Herger G. Determination of detoxification to Daphnia magna of four pharmaceuticals and seven surfactants by activated sludge. Chemosphere 2012; 88: 459-466. 

  45. Kim PG. Ecotoxicological risk assessment for acetaminophen in Kyongahn river. Korean J Environ Health. 2006; 32: 440-445. 

  46. Kim P, Park Y, Ji K, Seo J, Lee S, Choi K, et al. Effect of chronic exposure to acetaminophen and lincomycin on Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and freshwater cladocerans Daphnia magna and Moina macrocopa, and potential mechanisms of endocrine disruption. Chemosphere 2012; 89: 10-18. 

  47. Gheorghe S, Petre J, Lucaciu I, Stoica C, Nita-Lazar M. Risk screening of pharmaceutical compounds in Romanian aquatic environment. Environ Monit Assess. 2016; 188: 1-16. 

  48. Kuhn R, Pattard M, Pernak KD, Winter A. Results of the harmful effects of selected water pollutants (anilines, phenols, aliphatic compounds) to Daphnia magna. Water Res. 1989; 23: 495-499. 

  49. Kim J, Park J, Kim PG, Lee C, Choi K, Choi K. Implication of global environmental changes on chemical toxicity-effect of water temperature, pH, and ultraviolet B irradiation on acute toxicity of several pharmaceuticals in Daphnia magna. Ecotoxicology. 2010; 19: 662-669. 

  50. de Oliveira LLD, Antunes SC, Goncalves F, Rocha O, Nunes B. Acute and chronic ecotoxicological effects of four pharmaceuticals drugs on cladoceran Daphnia magna. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2016; 39(1): 1-9. 

  51. Brun GL, Bernier M, Losier R, Doe K, Jackman P, Lee HB. Pharmaceutically active compounds in Atlantic Canadian sewage treatment plant effluents and receiving waters, and potential for environmental effects as measured by acute and chronic aquatic toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2006; 25: 2163-2176. 

  52. Kim Y, Choi K, Jung J, Park S, Kim PG, Park J. Aquatic toxicity of acetaminophen, carbamazepine, cimetidine, diltiazem and six major sulfonamides, and their potential ecological risks in Korea. Environ Int. 2007; 33: 370-375. 

  53. Sung HH, Chiu YW, Wang SY, Chen CM, Huang DJ. Acute toxicity of mixture of acetaminophen and ibuprofen to Green Neon Shrimp, Neocaridina denticulate. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2014; 38(1): 8-13. 

  54. Folarin OS, Otitoloju AA, Amaeze NH. Comparative Ecotoxicological Assessment of Acetaminophen and Diclofenac using Freshwater African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). J Appl Sci Environ Manage. 2018; 22(9): 1519-1525. 

  55. Selderslaghs IW, Blust R, Witters HE. Feasibility study of the zebrafish assay as an alternative method to screen for developmental toxicity and embryotoxicity using a training set of 27 compounds. Reprod Toxicol. 2012; 33: 142-154. 

  56. Broderius SJ, Kahl MD, Hoglund MD. Use of joint toxic response to define the primary mode of toxic action for diverse industrial organic chemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem. 1995; 14: 1591-1605. 

  57. David A, Pancharatna K. Effects of acetaminophen (paracetamol) in the embryonic development of zebrafish, Danio rerio. J Appl Toxicol. 2009; 29(7): 597-602. 

  58. Baumann M, Weiss K, Maletzki D, Schussler W, Schudoma D, Kopf W, et al. Aquatic toxicity of the macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin and its metabolites. Chemosphere. 2015; 120: 192-198. 

  59. Villain J, Minguez L, Halm-Lemeille MP, Durrieu G, Bureau R. Acute toxicities of pharmaceuticals toward green algae. mode of action, biopharmaceutical drug disposition classification system and quantile regression models. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2016; 124: 337-343. 

  60. Yang LH, Ying GG, Su HC, Stauber JL, Adams MS, Binet MT. Growth-inhibiting effects of 12 antibacterial agents and their mixtures on the freshwater microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2008; 27(5): 1201-1208. 

  61. Isidori M, Lavorgna M, Nardelli A, Pascarella L, Parrella A. Toxic and genotoxic evaluation of six antibiotics on non-target organisms. Sci Total Environ. 2005; 346: 87-98. 

  62. Harada A, Komori K, Nakada N, Kitamura K, Suzuki Y. Biological effects of PPCPs on aquatic lives and evaluation of river waters affected by different wastewater treatment levels. Water Sci Technol. 2008; 58: 1541-1546. 

  63. Watanabe H, Tamura I, Abe R, Takanobu H, Nakamura A, Suzuki T. et al. Chronic toxicity of an environmentally relevant mixture of pharmaceuticals to three aquatic organisms (alga, daphnid, and fish). Environ Toxicol Chem. 2016; 35(4): 996-1006. 

  64. Aubakirova BN, Boxall ABA, Beisenova RR. Toxicity study of antibiotics to the common duckweed (Lemna minor). 2017. 

  65. Kim JW, Ishibashi H, Yamauchi R, Ichikawa N, Takao Y, Hirano M. Acute toxicity of pharmaceutical and personal care products on freshwater crustacean (Thamnocephalus platyurus) and fish (Oryzias latipes). J Toxicol Sci. 2009; 34: 227-232. 

  66. Kaza M, Nalecz-Jawecki G, Sawicki J. The toxicity of selected pharmaceuticals to the aquatic plant Lemna minor. Fresen Environ Bull. 2007; 16: 524-531. 

  67. Quinn B, Schmidt W, O'Rourke K, Hernan R. Effects of the pharmaceuticals gemfibrozil and diclofenac on biomarker expression in the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and their comparison with standardised toxicity tests. Chemosphere. 2011; 84(5): 657-663. 

  68. Cleuvers M. Aquatic ecotoxicity of pharmaceuticals including the assessment of combination effects. Toxicol lett. 2003; 142: 185-194. 

  69. Schulze T, Weiss S, Schymanski E, von der Ohe PC, Schmitt-Jansen M, Altenburger R, et al. Identification of a phytotoxic photo-transformation product of diclofenac using effect-directed analysis. Environ Pollut. 2010; 158(5): 1461-1466. 

  70. Ferrari B, Mons R, Vollat B, Fraysse B, Paxeus N, Lo Giudice R, et al. Environmental risk assessment of six human pharmaceuticals: are the current environmental risk assessment procedures sufficient for the protection of the aquatic environment? Environ Toxicol Chem. 2004; 23: 1344-1354. 

  71. Gomez-Olivan LM, Galar-Martinez M, Garcia-Medina S, Valdes-Alanis A, Islas-Flores H, Neri-Cruz N. Genotoxic response and oxidative stress induced by diclofenac, ibuprofen and naproxen in Daphnia magna. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2014; 37: 391-399. 

  72. Cleuvers M. Mixture toxicity of the anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, and acetylsalicylic acid. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2004; 59: 309-315. 

  73. Lee J, Ji K, Kho YL, Kim P, Choi K. Chronic exposure to diclofenac on two freshwater cladocerans and Japanese medaka. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2011; 74: 1216-1225. 

  74. Haap T, Triebskorn R, Kohler HR. Acute effects of diclofenac and DMSO to Daphnia magna: immobilisation and hsp70-induction. Chemosphere. 2008; 73: 353-359. 

  75. Sanchez AC, Pereira J, Goncalves F, Reboleira AS. Comparative acute toxicity of the pharmaceutical compound Diclofenac on groundwater and surface water crustaceans. In ARPHA Conference Abstracts. Pensoft Publishers. 2018; 1: e29822. 

  76. Nalecz-Jawecki G, Persoone G. Toxicity of selected pharmaceuticals to the anostracan crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus-comparison of sublethal and lethal effect levels with the 1h Rapidtoxkit and the 24h Thamnotoxkit microbiotests. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2006; 13: 22-27. 

  77. van den Brandhof EJ, Montforts M. Fish embryo toxicity of carbamazepine, diclofenac and metoprolol. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2010; 73(8): 1862-1866. 

  78. Praskova E, Voslarova E, Siroka Z, Plhalova L, Macova S, Marsalek P. Assessment of diclofenac LC50 reference values in juvenile and embryonic stages of the zebrafish (Danio rerio). Polish J Vet Sci. 2011; 14(4): 545-549. 

  79. Nassef M, Matsumoto S, Seki M, Kang IJ, Moroishi J, Shimasaki Y, et al. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products toxicity to Japanese medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). J Fac Agric Kyushu Univ. 2009; 54(2): 407-411. 

  80. Stepanova S, Praskova E, Chromcova L, Plhalova L, Prokes M, Blahova J, et al. The effects of diclofenac on early life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2013; 35(3): 454-460. 

  81. Memmert U, Peither A, Burri R, Weber K, Schmidt T, Sumpter JP, et al. Diclofenac: new data on chronic toxicity and bioconcentration in fish. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2013; 32: 442-452. 

  82. Berninger JP, Du B, Connors KA, Eytcheson SA, Kolkmeier MA, Prosser KN, et al. Effects of the antihistamine diphenhydramine on selected aquatic organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2011; 30: 2065-2072. 

  83. Meinertz JR, Schreier TM, Bernardy JA, Franz JL. Chronic toxicity of diphenhydramine hydrochloride and erythromycin thiocyanate to daphnia, Daphnia magna, in a continuous exposure test system. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2010; 85(5): 447-451. 

  84. Kristofco LA, Du B, Chambliss CK, Berninger JP, Brooks BW. Comparative pharmacology and toxicology of pharmaceuticals in the environment: diphenhydramine protection of diazinon toxicity in Danio rerio but not Daphnia magna. AAPS J. 2015; 17: 175-183. 

  85. Berrebaan I, Montassir L, Said B, Mustapha E, Bessi H. Evaluation of Ecotoxicity of Ibuprofen and Paracetamol on the Freshwater Green Microalgae "Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata", Engin Technol J. 2017; 2(11): 303-309. 

  86. Geiger E, Hornek-Gausterer R, Sacan MT. Single and mixture toxicity of pharmaceuticals and chlorophenols to freshwater algae Chlorella vulgaris. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2016; 129: 189-198. 

  87. Pomati F, Netting AG, Calamari D, Neilan BA. Effects of erythromycin, tetracycline and ibuprofen on the growth of Synechocystis sp. and Lemna minor. Aquat Toxicol. 2004; 67(4): 387-396. 

  88. Han S, Choi K, Kim J, Ji K, Kim S, Ahn B, et al. Endocrine disruption and consequences of chronic exposure to ibuprofen in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and freshwater cladocerans Daphnia magna and Moina macrocopa. Aquat Toxicol. 2010; 98: 256-264. 

  89. Pounds N, Maclean S, Webley M, Pascoe D, Hutchinson T. Acute and chronic effects of ibuprofen in the mollusc Planorbis carinatus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2008; 70(1): 47-52. 

  90. Gonzalez-Perez BK, Sarma SSS, Nandini S. Effects of selected pharmaceuticals (ibuprofen and amoxicillin) on the demography of Brachionus calyciflorus and Brachionus havanaensis (Rotifera). Egyptian J Aquat Res. 2016; 42(3): 341-347. 

  91. Saravanan M, Devi KU, Malarvizhi A, Ramesh M. Effects of Ibuprofen on hematological, biochemical and enzymological parameters of blood in an Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2012; 34(1): 14-22. 

  92. Overturf MD, Overturf CL, Baxter D, Hala DN, Constantine L, Venables B, et al. Early life-stage toxicity of eight pharmaceuticals to the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2012; 62: 455-464. 

  93. Flippin JL, Huggett D, Foran CM, Changes in the timing of reproduction following chronic exposure to ibuprofen in Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes. Aquat Toxicol. 2007; 81: 73-78. 

  94. National Institute of Environmental Research. Research on Risk Assessment of Pharmaceutical in the Environment for Preparing the Future Management Strategies. NIER-SP2013-146. Seoul National University. 2013. 

  95. Jung Collard HR, Ji K, Lee S, Liu X, Kang S, Kho Y, et al. Toxicity and endocrine disruption in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and two freshwater invertebrates (Daphnia magna and Moina macrocopa) after chronic exposure to mefenamic acid. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2013; 94: 80-86. 

  96. Yang LH, Ying GG, Su HC, Stauber JL, Adams MS, Binet MT. Growth-inhibiting effects of 12 antibacterial agents and their mixtures on the freshwater microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2008; 27(5): 1201-1208. 

  97. Xiong Q, Hu LX, Liu YS, Wang TT, Ying GG. New insight into the toxic effects of chloramphenicol and roxithromycin to algae using FTIR spectroscopy. Aquat Toxicol. 2019; 207: 197-207. 

  98. Zhang P, Yan Z, Lu G, Ji, Y. Single and combined effects of microplastics and roxithromycin on Daphnia magna. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2019; 26(17): 17010-17020. 

  99. Posthuma L, van Gils J, Zijp MC, van de Meent D, de Zwart D. Species sensitivity distributions for use in environmental protection, assessment, and management of aquatic ecosystems for 12386 chemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2018; 38(4): 905-917. 

  100. RIVM. Guidance Document on Deriving Environmental Risk Limits. (RIVM Report 601501 012). National Institute of Public Health an the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands. 2001. 

  101. Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC). Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality. I. 2000; The Guidelines, vol. 1: Department of the Environment, pp. 1-103. 

  102. US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA). 21 CFR Part 25-National Environmental Policy Act: Proposed Revision of Policies and Procedures; Proposed Rule. 1996; Federal Register 61(65): pp. 14922-14942. 

  103. European Medicines Agency (EMEA)/Commitee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP). Guidance on the Environmental Risk Assessment of Medicinal Products for Human Use. Doc. Ref. EMEA/CHMP/SWP/4447/00. 2006. 

  104. European Commission. Development of the First Watch List under the Environmental Quality Standards Directive. Report EUR 27142 EN. 2015. 

  105. Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks. Opinion on Draft Environmental Quality Standards under the Water Framework Directive-diclofenac. 2011. 

저자의 다른 논문 :

관련 콘텐츠

오픈액세스(OA) 유형

BRONZE

출판사/학술단체 등이 한시적으로 특별한 프로모션 또는 일정기간 경과 후 접근을 허용하여, 출판사/학술단체 등의 사이트에서 이용 가능한 논문

이 논문과 함께 이용한 콘텐츠

섹션별 컨텐츠 바로가기

AI-Helper ※ AI-Helper는 오픈소스 모델을 사용합니다.

AI-Helper 아이콘
AI-Helper
안녕하세요, AI-Helper입니다. 좌측 "선택된 텍스트"에서 텍스트를 선택하여 요약, 번역, 용어설명을 실행하세요.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.

선택된 텍스트

맨위로