[논문]평로탄화로를 이용한 성형목탄 제조공정에서 생산된 탄화 바이오매스의 특성

JU, Young Min; LEE, Hyung Won; KIM, Ah-ran; JEONG, Hanseob; CHEA, Kwang-Seok; LEE, Jaejung; AHN, Byoung-Jun; LEE, Soo Min

doi:10.5658/wood.2020.48.2.181

[국내논문] 평로탄화로를 이용한 성형목탄 제조공정에서 생산된 탄화 바이오매스의 특성
Characteristics of Carbonized Biomass Produced in a Manufacturing Process of Wood Charcoal Briquettes Using an Open Hearth Kiln 원문보기

목재공학 = Journal of the Korean wood science and technology, v.48 no.2, 2020년, pp.181 - 195

JU, Young Min (Division of Wood Chemistry, Department of forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science) , LEE, Hyung Won (Division of Wood Chemistry, Department of forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science) , KIM, Ah-ran (Division of Wood Chemistry, Department of forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science) , JEONG, Hanseob (Division of Wood Chemistry, Department of forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science) , CHEA, Kwang-Seok (Division of Wood Chemistry, Department of forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science) , LEE, Jaejung (Division of Research Planning and Coordination, National Institute of Forest Science) , AHN, Byoung-Jun (Division of Wood Chemistry, Department of forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science) , LEE, Soo Min (Division of Wood Chemistry, Department of forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science)

초록
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본 연구는 평로탄화로 이용한 성형목탄 제조과정에서 얻은 탄화된 바이오매스의 특성을 분석하였으며, 기계적 전처리 및 평로탄화로 내 위치에 따른 특성 차이를 비교하고자 하였다. 성형목탄 제조업체에서 채취된 바이오매스 1종과 탄화 바이오매스 5종의 시료를 대상으로 선별(screening) 및 분쇄(grinding)를 통해 분석시료의 입자크기 범위별로 분류한 후, 고정탄소, 회분, 휘발성 화합물, 원소 함량, 발열량을 측정하였다. 실험 결과, 평로탄화로의 위치에 따라서는 중간층의 탄화 바이오매스 발열량이 20.4 MJ/kg으로 가장 높은 연료적 특성을 나타내었다. 선별 입자 크기에 따라서는 100 mesh 이하의 탄화 바이오매스에서 회분함량이 가장 낮았고 발열량, 탄소 함량, 고정탄소 함량은 높았다. 상관관계 분석 결과 회분 함량은 발열량, 휘발성화합물, 고정탄소, 탄소 함량과 모두 음의 상관관계를 나타내어 회분 함량이 연료적 특성에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Characteristics of carbonized biomass obtained from a Wood charcoal briquette manufacturing process using an open hearth kiln are analyzed in this research, and differences in the characteristics based on the results of a mechanical screening process and the position within the kiln. One type of biomass and five types of carbonized biomass were collected from a Wood charcoal briquette manufacturer. After screening and grinding processes were performed on samples of 1 type of biomass and 5 types of carbonized biomass extracted from a Wood charcoal briquettes manufacturer to classify by particle size, fixed carbon, ash, volatile matters, elemental composition, and high heating value (HHV) were measured. Experimental results showed that the carbonized biomass collected from the middle layer had the highest HHV, 20.4 MJ/kg, and therefore had the highest fuel quality. In terms of particle size, the carbonized biomass below 100 mesh had the lowest ash content and the highest HHV, carbon content, and fixed carbon content. Correlation analyses showed that ash content had negative correlations with HHV, volatile matters, fixed carbon, and carbon content, which suggested that ash content affected negatively on fuel quality.

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표/그림 (8)

그림 Fig. 1. Hog (HSW) and carbonized hog (CSW) of soft wood.
그림 Fig. 2. Schematic view of charcoal kiln and sampling by location.
그림 Fig. 3. Process description of mechanical pretreatments.
그림 Fig. 4. Particle distribution of the wood charcoal briquettes.
표 Table 1. Proximate analysis, elemental analysis, and High heating value (HHV) of the hog and carbonized hog of soft woods
표 Table 2. Proximate analysis, elemental analysis and High heating value(HHV) for carbonized hog of soft woods (Top, Middle, and Bottom)
표 Table 3. high heating values (HHV) and energy yields (EY) for the hog and carbonized hog of soft woods
그림 Fig. 5. Relationship between ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon, carbon content and HHV of carbonized hog of soft wood

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가설 설정

2%, which are higher than the carbon contents proposed in this study. We hypothesize that this difference, as well as the relatively high ash contents mentioned above, has been caused by a greater amount of soil and other impurities contained in the samples used in this study, which might have been mixed in when materials were collected from the ground after trees had been cut, during transport and storage of the collected materials, or during the carbonization process in the open hearth kiln. On the other hand, the carbonized samples had lower hygrogen and oxygen contents in most cases than the uncarbonized samples, which is thought to be caused by removal of hygrogen and oxygen in the form of steam and carbon dioxide, respectively, during carbonization.

제안 방법

For this, the research aims to evaluate the quality of carbonized materials produced by carbonization of unused forest biomass in an open hearth kiln, which is used for manufacturing wood charcoal briquettes. Carbonized materials are collected based on the time in which they are added to the carbonization chamber,and they are mechanically processed and sorted by particle sizes.
1). The carbonized hog materials were divided into 5 equal layers based on their vertical position within the kiln during carbonization, labeled as CSW1, CSW2, CSW3, CSW4, and CSW5 from the uppermost layer to the lowermost layer(Fig. 2). Samples were collected from each layer for testing, and the collected samples were double sealed and stored at room temperature for a better preservation.
2). Samples were collected from each layer for testing, and the collected samples were double sealed and stored at room temperature for a better preservation.
149). The materials were separated into 3 categories: particles with sizes above 40 mesh, between 40 and 100 mesh, and below 100 mesh, labeled as Top, Middle, and Bottom, respectively. The yield was calculated for each category at this stage using Equation (1) in order to analyze the distribution of particle sizes.
Proximate analysis was conducted using a thermogravimetric analyzer (PrepASH229, Precisa, Switzerland) to analyze moisture content, volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon contents of the samples. Approximately 1 g of material was used for the analysis.
Analysis conditions were as follows: samples underwent a complete combustion in the combustion chamber that was maintained at the temperature of 1150 ± 5 ℃, and the gas generated from this process was purged using helium flowing at 600 mL/min to the reduction tube that was maintained at 850 ± 5 ℃, where they were reduced to N2, CO2, H2O, and SO2 for analysis.
In this study, characteristics of carbonized samples produced using a wood charcoal briquette manufacturing process based on an open hearth kiln are analyzed. For the carbonized samples collected based on their vertical position within the kiln, it was originally expected that the bottommost layer would exhibit the highest quality, but the experimental results suggest that the quality decreases in the order of middle layer, top layers, and bottom layers.

대상 데이터

Materials produced in an open hearth kiln used by a wood charcoal briquette manufacturer located inChilgok-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea,were utilized in this research. Testing materials were the byproducts of afforestation efforts, purchased by the wood charcoal briquette manufacturer, which werecomposed of mixed softwoods. The raw materials were carbonized at approximately 700 ℃ and extinguished for approximately 80 hours.
The raw materials were carbonized at approximately 700 ℃ and extinguished for approximately 80 hours. Hog of softwood (HSW) and 5 types of carbonized hog of softwood (CSW) are used in this research (Fig. 1). The carbonized hog materials were divided into 5 equal layers based on their vertical position within the kiln during carbonization, labeled as CSW1, CSW2, CSW3, CSW4, and CSW5 from the uppermost layer to the lowermost layer(Fig.
Materials produced in an open hearth kiln used by a wood charcoal briquette manufacturer located inChilgok-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea,were utilized in this research. Testing materials were the byproducts of afforestation efforts, purchased by the wood charcoal briquette manufacturer, which werecomposed of mixed softwoods.

성능/효과

4. On the other hand, the energy yields of the carbonized samples are measured to be 0.05–0.12, 0.12–0.17, and 0.70–0.82 for the Top, Middle, and Bottom particles, respectively, which indicate that the energy yields dramatically increase with decreasing particle size.
, 2012). Considering these results, it is concluded that selecting carbonized materials with smaller particle sizes in grinding and sorting processes will increase the quality of wood charcoal briquette, and this pre-processing is expected to be more effective for materials containing a large amount of impurities such as soil.

참고문헌 (22)

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