선택한 단어 수는 입니다.
최소 단어 이상 선택하여야 합니다.
최소 단어 이상 선택하여야 합니다.
선택한 단어 수는 30입니다.
최대 10 단어까지만 선택 가능합니다.
최대 10 단어까지만 선택 가능합니다.
가설 설정
- Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine three conditions (barefoot, kinesio tape, and dynamic tape) and compare their effects on static and dynamic balance in persons with asymptomatic flexible flatfoot. We hypothesized that the composite reach scores, center of pressure (COP) path length, and anteroposterior and lateral variability would differ between three conditions.
제안 방법
- A pilot study with eight subjects with asymptomatic flexible flatfoot was used to achieve an effect size of 0.35, an alpha level of 5%, and power of 80% (calculated by partial η2 of 0.11).
- Further studies are needed to examine the effects of dynamic taping on static and dynamic balance in flexible flat-footed subjects with different age groups or who have pain. Finally, this study included only standing and walking activities. Further studies on flatfoot should include other functional activities such as jumping and running.
- Among the subjects who participated in this study, the dominant leg of 21 was the right leg and that of one subject was the left leg. First, the data of the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral reach directions were analyzed through the Ybalance test. Means and standard deviations were calculated for the reach distance in each direction and leg length.
- One-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was performed to determine whether continuous data approximated a normal distribution. One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare the composite reach score, COP path length, and anteroposterior and lateral variability of the three conditions (barefoot, kinesio tape, and dynamic tape). The level of significance was set at α = 0.
- The subjects touched each direction once. Specifically, the testing order was completed as right anterior, right posteromedial, right posterolateral, left anterior, left posteromedial, and left posterolateral directions. Attempts were discarded if the subject failed to stand on one leg and push the indicator box, and he or she was asked to stand on one leg and push the indicator box again.
- The measurement of static balance throughout the 30-second standing and dynamic balance throughout the walking test was performed with a 2,122 × 605 × 21-mm (length × width × height) Zebris pressure measurement plate FDM-2 system (Zebris Medizintechnik GmbH, Isny, Germany) and original WinPDMS ver. 1.2.2 measuring software.
- The subjects first performed the navicular drop test; then, both leg lengths were measured. The subjects performed a total of three trials.
- The subjects did not wear shoes during the measurement. The subjects performed the Y-balance test using both legs. The dominant leg of the subjects was determined by asking the subjects which leg they use for kicking a ball [11], and it was used for data analysis.
- It is clinically important to know what type of tape is more effective and appropriate for arch support taping of individuals with asymptomatic flexible flatfoot. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine three conditions (barefoot, kinesio tape, and dynamic tape) and compare their effects on static and dynamic balance in persons with asymptomatic flexible flatfoot. We hypothesized that the composite reach scores, center of pressure (COP) path length, and anteroposterior and lateral variability would differ between three conditions.
- This study investigated whether the composite reach score, COP path length, and anteroposterior and lateral variability could be changed by three conditions (barefoot, kinesio tape, and dynamic tape) in subjects with asymptomatic flexible flatfoot. The composite reach score increased significantly with dynamic tape compared with barefoot.
- This study was conducted to examine the effects of barefoot, kinesio tape, and dynamic tape on the composite reach score, COP path length, and anteroposterior and lateral variability in subjects with asymptomatic flexible flatfoot. Our results showed that the composite reach score was significantly with dynamic tape and kinesio tape application compared with barefoot.
대상 데이터
- The estimated sample size was 15. Fifty-eight of the 80 volunteers did not meet the criteria and the remaining 22 met the criteria and were selected for this study (Figure 1). Twenty-two subjects (9 females and 13 males) with asymptomatic flexible flatfoot volunteered to participate in this study (Table 1).
- Future research should examine the effects of not providing visual feedback for static balance and providing visual feedback during the standing test. Second, all subjects in this study were young adults with asymptomatic flexible flatfoot. There is a limit to the generalization of the results of this study.
- Fifty-eight of the 80 volunteers did not meet the criteria and the remaining 22 met the criteria and were selected for this study (Figure 1). Twenty-two subjects (9 females and 13 males) with asymptomatic flexible flatfoot volunteered to participate in this study (Table 1). Subjects with a navicular height difference of > 10 mm in the navicular drop test, which indicates excessive pronation [11], and leg length difference < 5 mm [17] were included.
- This technique starts at the great toe and is positioned in plantar flexion to create an artificial windlass mechanism in order to resist lengthening and flattening of the foot [7]. Two tape types were applied to the subjects: a 5-cm wide kinesio tape (Towatek Korea, Guri, Korea) and a 5-cm wide dynamic tape (Dynamic Tape, Port Vila, Vanuatu). The materials’ properties of the two types differ [7].
이론/모형
- The Y-balance test, which assesses the dynamic balance of the lower extremity, comprised three parts [21] and used the FMS Y-balance test kit (Functional Movement Systems, Lynchburg, VA, USA). The subjects stood on the central footplate (Figure 2).
- The taping method for this study was the arch support taping technique, as described by Ryan Kendrick [7]. This technique starts at the great toe and is positioned in plantar flexion to create an artificial windlass mechanism in order to resist lengthening and flattening of the foot [7].
성능/효과
- A previous study showed that people with multiple sclerosis have greater anteroposterior and lateral variability than healthy people during walking [24]. Based on previous findings, the results of our study showed that anteroposterior and lateral variability are reduced when dynamic tape was applied. It may be inferred that the application of dynamic tape helped improve balance while walking.
- The ability to maintain the body’s center of mass without possible movement is called static balance [30]. In this study, the COP path length was observed to compare the static balance among three conditions, and results showed that static balance was not significantly different in no-tape, kinesio-tape and dynamic-tape conditions. This result was similar to that of Choi and Seo [31], which showed no significant difference in static balance among the short-foot exercise group, the lowdye taping group, and the control group.
- This study was conducted to examine the effects of barefoot, kinesio tape, and dynamic tape on the composite reach score, COP path length, and anteroposterior and lateral variability in subjects with asymptomatic flexible flatfoot. Our results showed that the composite reach score was significantly with dynamic tape and kinesio tape application compared with barefoot. There was no significant difference in the COP path length during standing among the three conditions.
- The composite reach scores were 79.12% ± 17.24% for barefoot, 91.20% ± 14.03% for kinesio tape, and 91.82% ± 13.56% for dynamic tape.
- The intrarater reliability of the navicular drop test, which was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC 3,1 ), was 0.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.34–0.93), indicating good intrarater reliability [19].
- A previous study, which had a similar experimental design, aimed to determine if applying kinesio tape to an unstable ankle can improve performance in the star excursion balance test [29]. The results of the study showed that kinesio tape has superior effect than athletic tape in patients with first-degree ankle sprain [29]. Our findings were consistent with previous findings regarding dynamic balance when using kinesio tape.
후속연구
- There is a limit to the generalization of the results of this study. Further studies are needed to examine the effects of dynamic taping on static and dynamic balance in flexible flat-footed subjects with different age groups or who have pain. Finally, this study included only standing and walking activities.
- First, visual feedback was not considered during the standing test. Future research should examine the effects of not providing visual feedback for static balance and providing visual feedback during the standing test. Second, all subjects in this study were young adults with asymptomatic flexible flatfoot.
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