[논문]철도교량상판 방수재료 선정을 위한 균열거동저항 성능평가

배영민; 오동천; 박용걸

doi:10.5762/kais.2020.21.11.683

철도교량상판 방수재료 선정을 위한 균열거동저항 성능평가
Joint Displacement Resistance Evaluation of Waterproofing Material in Railroad Bridge Deck 원문보기

한국산학기술학회논문지 = Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, v.21 no.11, 2020년, pp.683 - 692

배영민 (서울과학기술대학교 철도전문대학원 글로벌철도시스템학과) , 오동천 (서울과학기술대학교 철도전문대학원 글로벌철도시스템학과) , 박용걸 (서울과학기술대학교 철도전문대학원 철도건설공학과)

초록
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본 논문에서는 철도교량상판에 적용하는 방수재료 선정을 위한 이음부 및 균열부에 대한 거동 저항 성능평가를 수행하였다. PSC거더 철도 교량상판에서 발생하는 일반적인 변위 범위 조건을 도출하여, 도출한 결과에 따라서 방수재료의 균열 거동 저항 성능평가 방법을 개발하였다. 재안하고자 하는 평가를 위한 균열거동폭 (mm)을 설정하기 위해 레일도상이 설치되어있는 PSC 거더 교량을 대상으로 유한요소 모델링 해석을 수행하였으며, 최소 균열 거동 범위 (약 1.5mm)를 도출하였다. 평가 방법으로서는 교량 상판에 통상적으로 사용되는 시멘트계 도막 시스템, 폴리우레탄 코팅, 접착식 아스팔트 시트 및 합성 고무 겔 복합 아스팔트 시트 시스템 총 4가지 종류의 방수재료를 선정하여, 각 방수재료 종류별 5가지의 시편을 제조하여 성능 평가를 수행하였다. 각 시험편별로 4가지의 균열 거동폭조건 (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0mm)에 대해 평가를 수행하였으며, 본 연구를 통하여 철도교량에 일반적인 균열 거동 폭을 고려한 평가 기준에 따라 각 방수재료별 누수저항성 평가에 따른 철도교량상판 사용 적합성을 판단하였다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

A joint displacement resistance evaluation method for selecting waterproofing materials in railway bridge decks is proposed. The displacement range for an evaluation is determined by finite element method (FEM) analysis of a load case based on an existing high-speed PSC Girder Box railroad bridge structure. The FEM analysis results were used to calculate the minimum joint displacement range to be applied during testing (approximately 1.5 mm). For the evaluation, four commonly used waterproofing membrane types, cementitious slurry coating (CSC), polyurethane coating system (PCS), self-adhesive asphalt sheet (SAS), and composite asphalt sheet (CAS), were tested, with five specimens of each membrane type. The joint displacement width range conditions, including the minimum displacement range obtained from FEM analysis, were set to be the incrementing interval, from 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 mm. The proposal for the evaluation criteria and the specimen test results demonstrated how the evaluation method is important for the sustainability of high-speed railway bridges.

주제어

표/그림 (16)

그림 Fig. 1. Sample PSC track bed structure design layout with waterproofing system
표 Table 1. Representative classification of waterproofing systems for railroad bridge deck in international application
그림 Fig. 2. FEM analysis of the load conditions of waterproofing membrane and concrete railroad bridge deck
표 Table 2. FEM analysis parameters and conditions
그림 Fig. 3. Crack displacement testing specimen
표 Table 3. Types of waterproofing membranes evaluated
그림 Fig. 4. Testing apparatus illustrated (a) Overview of the joint displacement simulation water chamber; (b) Specimen installed in the joint displacement simulation water chamber
표 Table 4. Displacement range for joint displacement testing
그림 Fig. 5. Joint displacement resistance performance result of the respective waterproofing system types (Per waterproofing system type)
표 Table 5. CSC Evaluation Results
표 Table 6. PUC Evaluation Results
표 Table 7. SAS Evaluation Results
표 Table 8. CAS Evaluation Results
그림 Fig. 6. Stress factors of a bridge deck
그림 Fig. 7. Stress distribution image of the waterproofing membrane types
표 Table 9. Grading Criteria

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제안 방법

Next, the degradation conditions of a high-speed double-track railroad bridge structure deck is analyzed through FEM and analysis of existing stress factors to propose the requirement for setting the minimum displacement range to be used during testing. Based on these findings and analysis, a new evaluation method is proposed specifically to evaluate the resistance performance of waterproofing materials against joint displacement on railroad bridge decks.
First, a PSC bridge structure is modelled , and a time history function of the dynamic load case is applied to the double-track rails and the stress-deformation analysis is derived . Next, the deformation results are isolated for the waterproofing layer and the concrete bridge deck, where upon the stress measured on the waterproofing layer was very minimal (0.
For this proposed test method, the concrete deck joint displacement range are used as a reference to establish the minimum displacement range for the testing. While the analysis data can approximate the minimal displacement conditions based on reference analysis of thermal deformation and elastic deformation of concrete, the realistic concrete deformation can reach higher ranges depending on the size of the joint width, and the waterproofing membraneshould be able to withstand the deformation conditions at any given realistic range.
While the minimum displacement range can be derived based on the modelling of a typical railroad bridge structure, a precise estimation of joint displacement on the bridge deck is difficult as the displacement range heavily depends on the size of the joint . In this regard, the demonstration of the evaluation method in this study proposes various ranges of joint displacement (from 1.5 mm, minimum, to 6.0 mm, extreme, ranges) to clearly compare the displacement resistance performance of different waterproofing systems (CSC, PUC, SAS and CAS). Furthermore, the stress distribution analysis for the waterproofing membranes based on the joint displacement resistance result shows that for bridge types, SAS and CAS types should be prioritized for usage over the CSC and PUC types.
In this study, a joint displacement resistance evaluation method of different waterproofing systems (membranes or materials) is proposed, with the results of which an optimal waterproofing system can be selected that comply to the joint displacement degradation conditions of high-speed railroad bridge decks. The study offers the following conclusions;
The study outlines the existing evaluation methods for waterproofing systems and compared to discuss the lack of joint displacement resistance performance test method. Next, the degradation conditions of a high-speed double-track railroad bridge structure deck is analyzed through FEM and analysis of existing stress factors to propose the requirement for setting the minimum displacement range to be used during testing. Based on these findings and analysis, a new evaluation method is proposed specifically to evaluate the resistance performance of waterproofing materials against joint displacement on railroad bridge decks.
The displacement load width range was divided into 4 different widths to ensure that the results take into account various types of displacement conditions under maximum loading conditions in consideration of environmental and dynamic loads in railroad concrete bridges. Refer to Table 4 for the joint displacement ranges.
The proposed joint displacement resistance performance testing in this study is one such that can evaluate the respective performance of different waterproofing membranes based on changing joint displacement width. It is too early to derive conclusive statements using only the results from the demonstration evaluation conducted in this study, but this demonstration was able to outline which waterproofing system has the highest relative joint displacement resistance performance.
Therefore, this study proposes a joint displacement resistance performance of waterproofing systems, and provide an evaluation method, criteria, and demonstration that is suitable for high-speed railroad concrete bridges. The study outlines the existing evaluation methods for waterproofing systems and compared to discuss the lack of joint displacement resistance performance test method. Next, the degradation conditions of a high-speed double-track railroad bridge structure deck is analyzed through FEM and analysis of existing stress factors to propose the requirement for setting the minimum displacement range to be used during testing.
Waterproofing membranes must be able to maintain adhesion on to the concrete surface and prevent the formation of leakage path through joint or crack into the reinforced concrete deck section, but there is currently no existing method that can accomplish this evaluation. Therefore, this study proposes a joint displacement resistance performance of waterproofing systems, and provide an evaluation method, criteria, and demonstration that is suitable for high-speed railroad concrete bridges. The study outlines the existing evaluation methods for waterproofing systems and compared to discuss the lack of joint displacement resistance performance test method.
Typical high-speed railroad operation speed reaches 200~300 km/h, and Korean train dynamic load averages between 75~120kN/mm2 [10]. To propose the displacement conditions, the bending moment and stress conditions applied to the waterproofing membrane and the concrete bridge deck due to the train operation dynamic load was analyzed through FEM using a MIDAS analysis program. In the analysis, a case of a double-track bridge is modelled the dynamic responses of only one track is investigated and the other track is considered to be the dead load of the bridge, because the flexural rigidity of the bridge is usually thousands of times greater than that of the rails (or even tens of thousands).

대상 데이터

For the testing, the specimen is comprised of upper and lower mortar substrate parts. The two substrate are placed together at the cross section interface, wherein forming a concrete joint.
The proposed 3D coupling element consists of several rail elements of equal lengths (including the left and right rail), a bridge element, a few sleepers, a series of fasteners, and a series of discrete ballasts. It can also include a bearing that connects a pier node at a supporting point of the bridge.

참고문헌 (10)

Korean Rail Network Authority, "Development of bridge surface waterproofing system for railroad bridge deck", Performance evaluation research report by the Korean Rail Network Authority, 2006.
A.R, Price, "Waterproofing of Concrete Bridge Decks: Site Practice and Failures," Transport and Road Research Laboratory, USA, pp. 11-14, 1991.
O. Dammyr, B. Nilsen, K. Thuro, J. Grondal, "Possible Concepts of Waterproofing of Norwegian TBM Railway Tunnels Civil Engineering for Underground Rail Transport," Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, vol. 47, no. 3, pp.1-17, Feb. 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-013-0388-5

상세보기
H. Chbani, S. Bouchra, "Determination of fracture toughness in plain concrete specimens by R curve," Frattura ed Integrita Strutturale, vol. 13, no. 49, pp.763-774, July. 2019. DOI: http://doi.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.49.68

상세보기
D. Benarbia, M. Benguediab, "Determination of Stress Intensity Factor in Concrete Material Under Brazilian Disc and Three-Point Bending Tests Using Finite Element Method," Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering, vol. 59 no. 4, pp. 199-203, Jan. 2015. DOI:http://doi.org/10.3311/PPme.8368
N. Taniguchi, T. Kouzuiki, A. Tanahashi, H. Ikariyama, T. Yoda, "A Study about the Waterproofing Systems in the Slab for Railway Bridges," 6th Railway Bridge Slab Symposium Journal, Japan, pp. 213-218, Nov. 2004.
A. Chini, L. Acquaye, "Effect of elevated curing temperatures on the strength and durability of concrete," Materials and Structures," vol. 38, no.7 pp673-679, Aug. 2006. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02484312

상세보기
L. Song. Y. Jun, C. Xianhua. Y. Guotao. C. Degou, "Application of Mastic Asphalt Waterproofing Layer in High-Speed Railway Track in Cold Regions," Applied Sciences, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 667-683, Apr. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app8050667

상세보기
J. Rodrigues, A. Dias, P. Providencia, "Timber-Concrete Composite Bridges: State-of-the-Art Review," Bioresources, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 6630-6649, Nov. 2013. DOI: http://doi.org/10.15376/biores.8.4.6630-6649

상세보기
Transport Infrastructure Ireland, "Waterproofing and Surfacing of Concrete Bridge Decks," TII Publications, Ireland, pp. 1-50, 2000.

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