[논문]생 마늘과 절인 마늘의 In Vitro 항비만 효과

이다빈; 표영희

doi:10.15429/jkomor.2021.21.2.69

생 마늘과 절인 마늘의 In Vitro 항비만 효과
In Vitro Anti-Obesity Effects of Raw Garlic and Pickled Garlic 원문보기

한방비만학회지 = Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research, v.21 no.2, 2021년, pp.69 - 79

이다빈 (성신여자대학교 식품영양학과) , 표영희 (성신여자대학교 식품영양학과)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the anti-obesity effects of raw and pickled garlic in vitro in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Methods: The pickled garlic samples comprised the following: garlic aged in vinegar (VG), garlic aged in soy sauce, and vinegar (1:1, v/v) (PG) and raw garlic (RG) as control. Hexane, butanol, and distilled water were used to prepare the fractions. The pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity was used as a measure of anti-obesity effects of the extracts. The lipid droplet accumulation and triglyceride content in the 3T3-L1 cells were measured using Oil red O staining and triglyceride assay kits, respectively. The adipogenesis related protein expression levels were analyzed using the kits and the western blot method. Results: The pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of the garlic extracts (VG, PG, RG) was the highest in the butanol fraction, and the inhibitory effect was the highest in RG, followed by PG and VG. All garlic butanol extracts suppressed triglyceride accumulation in differentiated adipocytes (P<0.05) through the activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP), AMP-activated protein kinase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1, and the inhibition of fatty acid synthase. Raw garlic extracts significantly inhibited the expression of proteins involved in adipogenesis as compared to pickled garlic. Conclusions: Raw garlic has the potential to be an effective natural material for reducing obesity compared to pickled garlic with vinegar or soy sauce.

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표/그림 (7)

그림 Fig. 1. Manufacturing process of pickled garlic and vinegar pickled garlic.
그림 Fig. 2. Effect of garlic extracts on the cell viability of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with various concentrations (0~500 μg/mL) of garlic extracts. (A) Cell viability of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes after 24 h. (B) Cell viability of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes after 48 h. (C) Cell viability of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes after 72 h. VG: vinegar pickled garlic, PG: pickled garlic, RG: raw garlic, MDI: 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthin, 1 μM dexamethasone, 10 μg/mL insulin. All values are means of determinations obtained in three independent experiments. Values are mean±standard deviation. *Significantly different at P<0.05 compared with 0 μg/mL by the t-test, for each time point.
표 Table 1. IC₅₀ Value of Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory Activity of Garlic Extract
그림 Fig. 3. Inhibitory effects of garlic extract on lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes using Oil red O staining. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with various concentrations (5~100 μg/mL) of garlic extracts. (A) Intercellular lipid droplets were stained with Oil red O and observed at 20× magnification. (B) Quantification of lipid accumulation by eluting with isopropanol. (C) Intracellular triglyceride contents. VG: vinegar pickled garlic, PG: pickled garlic, RG: raw garlic, Conc: concentration, MDI: 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 1 μM dexamethasone, 10 μg/mL insulin. All values are means measured in three independent experiments. Values are mean±standard deviation. Means with the same letter superscripts in the bars do not differ significantly at the 5% level.
그림 Fig. 4. Effect of garlic extracts on cAMP content of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The highest concentration (100 μg/mL) of garlic extracts that did not cause cytotoxicity to 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were evaluated. VG: vinegar pickled garlic, PG: pickled garlic, RG: raw garlic, cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate, MDI: 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 1 μM dexamethasone, 10 μg/mL insulin. All values are means measured in three independent experiments. Values are mean±standard deviation. Means with the same letter superscripts in the bars do not differ significantly at the 5% level.
그림 Fig. 5. Effect of garlic extracts on the protein expression of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The highest concentration (100 μg/mL) of garlic extracts that did not cause cytotoxicity to 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were evaluated. (A) VG, PG, RG-mediated activation of AMPK in 3T3-L1 cells. (B) Effect of VG, PG, RG on CPT-1 protein expression in 3T3-L1 cells. (C) Effect of VG, PG, RG on FAS expression in 3T3-L1 cells. VG: vinegar pickled garlic, PG: pickled garlic, RG: raw garlic, AMPK: adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, CPT-1: carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1, FAS: fatty acid synthase, MDI: 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 1 μM dexamethasone, 10 μg/mL insulin. All values are means measured in three independent experiments. Values are mean±standard deviation. Means with the same letter superscripts in the bars do not differ significantly at the 5% level.
그림 Fig. 6. Predictable mechanism of anti-obesity action of garlic extracts in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. AMPK is a nutrient sensor, which is activated in response to low ATP levels, and an increased ADP:AMP ratio. AC produces cAMP from ATP. High levels of cytosolic cAMP lead to the activation of PKA. The expression of activated AMPK and cAMP activates and deactivates various factors. (+) Represents the path activated by AMPK and cAMP, and (-) represents the deactivated path. AMP: adenosine monophosphate, ADP: adenosine diphosphate, ATP: adenosine triphosphate, AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase, cAMP: cyclic AMP, AC: adenylate cyclase, PKA: protein kinase A, HSL: hormone-sensitive lipase, CPT: carnitine palmitoyl transferase, SREBP: sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor, ACC: acetyl CoA carboxylase, FAS: fatty acid synthase, DAS: diallyl sulfide, DADS: diallyl disulfide, DATS: diallyl trisulfide.

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