[논문]Fe(II)/과황산/전기화학적 산화 공정에 의한 2,4-D의 제거

현영환; 최지연; 신원식

doi:10.7857/jsge.2021.26.1.045

Fe(II)/과황산/전기화학적 산화 공정에 의한 2,4-D의 제거
Removal of 2,4-D by an Fe(II)/persulfate/Electrochemical Oxidation Process 원문보기

지하수토양환경 = Journal of soil and groundwater environment, v.26 no.1, 2021년, pp.45 - 53

현영환 (경북대학교 건설환경에너지공학부) , 최지연 (경북대학교 건설환경에너지공학부) , 신원식 (경북대학교 건설환경에너지공학부)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in aqueous solution by coupled electro-oxidation and Fe(II) activated persulfate oxidation process was investigated. The electrochemical oxidation was performed using carbon sheet electrode and persulfate using Fe(II) ion as an activator. The oxidation efficiency was investigated by varying current density (2 - 10 mA/㎠), electrolyte (Na2SO4) concentration (10 - 100 mM), persulfate concentration (5 - 20 mM), and Fe(II) concentration (10 - 20 mM). The 2,4-D removal efficiency was in the order of Fe(II) activated persulfate-assisted electrochemical oxidation (Fe(II)/PS/ECO, 91%) > persulfate-electrochemical oxidation (PS/ECO, 51%) > electro-oxidation (EO, 36%). The persulfate can be activated by electron transfer in PS/ECO system, however, the addition of Fe(II) as an activator enhanced 2,4-D degradation in the Fe(II)/PS/ECO system. The 2,4-D removal efficiency was not affected by the initial pHs (3 - 9). The presence of anions (Cl- and HCO3-) inhibited the 2,4-D removal in Fe(II)/PS/ECO system due to scavenging of sulfate radical. Scavenger experiment using tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) and methanol (MeOH) confirmed that although both sulfate (SO4•-) and hydroxyl (•OH) radicals existed in Fe(II)/PS/ECO system, hydroxyl radical (SO4•-) was the predominant radical.

주제어

표/그림 (11)

표 Table 1. Physicochemical properties of the 2,4-D used
그림 Fig. 1. Experimental equipment: (a) schematic diagram and (b) experimental apparatus.
그림 Fig. 2. Effect of (a) current density at Na₂SO₄= 10mM and (b) electrolyte concentration at current density = 8 mA/cm² on the 2,4-D removal by electro-oxidation (EO). The initial 2,4-D concentration was 0.1 mM in each test.
그림 Fig. 3. Effect of PS concentration on 2,4-D removal efficiency by PS/ECO process (experiment conditions: 2,4-D = 1 mM, Na₂SO₄ = 10mM , current density = 8 mA/cm², and PS = 5, 10, 15, 20mM ).
그림 Fig. 4. Effect of Fe(II) concentration on 2,4-D removal efficiency by Fe(II)/PS/ECO process (experiment conditions: 2,4-D = 0.1 mM, Na₂SO₄= 10mM, current density = 8 mA/cm², PS = 10mM, and Fe(II) = 1, 5, 10, 20mM).
그림 Fig. 5. Effect of the oxidation process type on 2,4-D removal (EO = electro-oxidation at current density = 8mA/cm², Na₂SO₄ = 10mM, PS/ECO = persulfate-electrochemical oxidation at current density = 8 mA/cm², Na₂SO₄ = 10mM, and PS = 10mM , and Fe(II)/PS/ECO = Fe(II) activated persulfate-electrochemical oxidation at current density = 8 mA/cm², Na₂SO₄ = 10mM, PS = 10mM , and Fe(II) = 5 mM).
표 Table 2. Pseudo-1st-order kinetic model parameters for Fe(II)/PS/ECO of 2,4-D
그림 Fig. 6. The 2,4-D removal efficiency by in Fe(II)/PS/ECO process (a) effect of initial pH, (b) effect of anion (experiment conditions: 2,4-D = 1mM, Na₂SO₄= 10mM, current density = 8 mA/cm², PS = 10mM, Fe(II) = 5 mM, and pH = 3, 5, 7, 9 or Anion = 20mM NaCl, NaHCO₃).
표 Table 3. Pseudo-1st order kinetic model parameters for PS/Fe(II)/ECO of 2,4-D
그림 Fig. 7. Effect of radical scavengers on 2,4-D degradation in Fe(II)/PS/ECO (experiment conditions: 2,4-D = 1mM, Na₂SO₄ = 10mM , current density = 8 mA/cm², PS = 10m M, and Fe(II) = 5mM).
표 Table 4. Pseudo-1st order kinetic model parameters in Fe(II)/PS/ECO of 2,4-D

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문제 정의

본 연구에서는 과황산과 카본 전극을 이용한 전기화학적 산화 기술을 통하여 수계내 2, 4-D의 처리 효율을 확인하였다. 전기 산화실험에서 전류밀도, 전해질 농도 영향실험을 수행하였고, 산화 효율 증가를 위하여 산화제로 과 황산, 추가 활성화제로 Fe(Ⅱ)를 추가하였다.

제안 방법

Fig. 3에서 알 수 있듯이 PS/ECO 공정에 의한 2, 4-D 의 제거효율이 최대 51%로 제한되며, 이를 개선하기 위해 Fe(Ⅱ) 추가의 영향을 살펴보았다.
전기 산화실험에서 전류밀도, 전해질 농도 영향실험을 수행하였고, 산화 효율 증가를 위하여 산화제로 과 황산, 추가 활성화제로 Fe(Ⅱ)를 추가하였다. 이에 따른 과 황산 농도, Fe(Ⅱ) 농도, pH, 음이온 영향을 확인하여 최적 조건을 도출하였으며, Fe(Ⅱ)로 활성화한 과황산 전기화학적 산화 실험의 주요 라디칼을 규명하였다.
본 연구에서는 과황산과 카본 전극을 이용한 전기화학적 산화 기술을 통하여 수계내 2, 4-D의 처리 효율을 확인하였다. 전기 산화실험에서 전류밀도, 전해질 농도 영향실험을 수행하였고, 산화 효율 증가를 위하여 산화제로 과 황산, 추가 활성화제로 Fe(Ⅱ)를 추가하였다. 이에 따른 과 황산 농도, Fe(Ⅱ) 농도, pH, 음이온 영향을 확인하여 최적 조건을 도출하였으며, Fe(Ⅱ)로 활성화한 과황산 전기화학적 산화 실험의 주요 라디칼을 규명하였다.

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