[논문]조협 (皂莢, Gleditsiae Fructus) n-hexane 추출물이 NC/Nga Tnd mouse의 아토피 피부염에 미치는 영향

구은진; 김윤희

doi:10.7778/jpkm.2021.35.1.76

조협 (皂莢, Gleditsiae Fructus) n-hexane 추출물이 NC/Nga Tnd mouse의 아토피 피부염에 미치는 영향
The Effects of Gleditsiae Fructus n-hexane Extract on Atopic Dermatitis of NC/Nga Tnd Mouse 원문보기

大韓韓方小兒科學會誌 = The journal of pediatrics of Korean medicine, v.35 no.1, 2021년, pp.76 - 103

구은진 (대전대학교 한의과대학 소아과학교실) , 김윤희 (대전대학교 한의과대학 소아과학교실)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Objectives This study was designed to examine the effect of Gleditsiae Fructus n-hexane (GSF_Hx) on two different groups (on the LPS-induced activation of Raw264.7 cells in vitro, and on the DNCB-induced activation of atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mice in vivo) to find index components and active components of Gleditsiae Fructus. Methods GSF_Hx was analyzed by HPLC profiling and confirmed echinocystic acid (EA), oleanolic acid (OA) as index components of Gleditsiae Fructus. Using GSF_Hx, EA, OA, we investigated IL-6, TNF-α, NO production by ELISA analysis and evaluated manifestations of MAPKs transcription factors and NF-κB p65 translocation by western blotting. During In vivo study, atopic dermatitis was induced on NC/Nga Tnd mice by DNCB and administered GSF_Hx, EA, OA orally, and checked skin lesions and measured skin clinical score. Serum IgE level, Th1 and Th2 cytokines secretion and modulating molecular mediators and immune cells in the spleenocyte culture supernatant, PBMCs, ALN and dorsal skin were also measured by real-time PCR. Then, skin rash was evaluated and mast cell distribution was verified by H&E and toluidine blue staining on dorsal skin. Results It is possible that GSF_Hx, EA and OA reduce inflammation and allergic response of atopic dermatitis by suppressing Th1 and Th2 cytokines secretion and modulating molecular mediators and immune cells. They also had moisturizing effect by raising vitality of ceramide in dorsal skin of atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mice. However, EA particularly had better overall activity data than OA, that EA could be a more effective active component of Gleditsiae Fructus than OA. Conclusions Based on the inflammatory reduction property with moisturizing effect, GSF_Hx may play a role in effective treatment for atopic dermatitis.

주제어

표/그림 (21)

그림 Scheme 1. Experimental Design for the Induction of Atopic Dermatitis Skin Lesions in ALC NC/Nga Tnd mouse
표 Table 1. Primer Sequence
그림 Fig. 1. HPLC Profiling of GSF_Hx and analysis with two index component. GSF_Hx was resolved by HPLC at 220 nm using 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in water. The HPLC method was applied to quantify two chemical markers; oleanolic acid and echinocystic acid. All samples were injected 10㎕ each. A) Representative HPLC chromatograms of GSF_Hx, B) oleanolic acid, C) GSF_Hx mixed oleanolic acid, D) echinocystic acid, E) GSF_Hx mixed echinocystic acid.
그림 Fig. 2. Effect of GSF_Hx on cell viability in Raw264.7 cell line. Raw264.7 cells were pre-treated with GSF_Hx (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 ㎍/ml) for 24h. MTT assay was carried out to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of Raw264.7 cells. The raph represents mean ± (SE) of at least 3 independent experiments (^* p<0.05, ^** p<0.01 compared with normal).
그림 Fig. 3. Inhibitory effects of GSF_Hx on IL-6 production. Raw264.7 cells were pretreated with CsA (cyclosporin A 10 ㎍/㎖); positive control, GSF_Hx (25, 50, 100 ㎍/㎖), echinocystic acid (2.5, 5, 10 ㎍/㎖) and oleanolic acid (2.5, 5, 10 ㎍/㎖) for 1 h, and then stimulated with LPS (lipopolysaccharides, 1 ㎍/㎖) for 24 hrs. IL-6 levels were analysed with a sandwich ELISA. Values were represented as means ± SE from 3 independent experiments (^* p<0.05, ^** p<0.01 compared with LPS (control), ^### p<0.001 compared with normal).
그림 Fig. 4. Inhibitory effects of GSF_Hx on TNF-α production. Raw264.7 cells were pretreated with CsA (cyclosporin A 10 ㎍/㎖); positive control, GSF_Hx (25, 50, 100 ㎍/㎖), echinocystic acid (2.5, 5, 10 ㎍/㎖) and oleanolic acid (2.5, 5, 10 ㎍/㎖) for 1 h, and then stimulated with LPS (lipopolysaccharides, 1 ㎍/㎖) for 24 hrs. TNF-α levels were analysed with a sandwich ELISA. Values were represented as means ± SE from 3 independent experiments (^* p<0.05, ^** p<0.01, ^*** p<0.001 compared with LPS (control), ^### p<0.001 compared with normal).
그림 Fig. 5. Inhibitory effects of GSF_Hx on NO production. Raw264.7 cells were pretreated with CsA (cyclosporin A 10 ㎍/㎖); positive control, GSF_Hx (25, 50, 100 ㎍/㎖), echinocystic acid (2.5, 5, 10 ㎍/㎖) and oleanolic acid (2.5, 5, 10 ㎍/㎖) for 1 h, and then stimulated with LPS (lipopolysaccharides, 1 ㎍/㎖) for 24 hrs. NO levels were analysed by a sandwich ELISA. Values were represented as means ± SE from 3 independent experiments (^* p<0.05, ^** p<0.01 compared with LPS (control), ^### p<0.001 compared with normal).
$Fig. 6. Effect of GSF_Hx on signal molecules in MAPKs in Raw264.7 cells. Raw264.7 cells were pretreated with GSF_Hx (12.5, 25, 50, 100 ㎍/㎖), EA (10 ㎍/㎖) and OA (10 ㎍/㎖) for 1 h, and then stimulated with LPS (lipopolysaccharides, 1 ㎍/㎖) for 30 mins. The nuclear fractions were gained with nuclear extract kit and subjected to SDS-PAGE. Total nuclear fractions were electrophoresed and analyzed with Western blot using pERK, ERK, pJNK, JNK, pp38, p38 and β-actin specific antibodies. The data presented are representative of 3 independent experiments.$ 그림 Fig. 6. Effect of GSF_Hx on signal molecules in MAPKs in Raw264.7 cells. Raw264.7 cells were pretreated with GSF_Hx (12.5, 25, 50, 100 ㎍/㎖), EA (10 ㎍/㎖) and OA (10 ㎍/㎖) for 1 h, and then stimulated with LPS (lipopolysaccharides, 1 ㎍/㎖) for 30 mins. The nuclear fractions were gained with nuclear extract kit and subjected to SDS-PAGE. Total nuclear fractions were electrophoresed and analyzed with Western blot using pERK, ERK, pJNK, JNK, pp38, p38 and β-actin specific antibodies. The data presented are representative of 3 independent experiments.
$Fig. 7. Effects of GSF_Hx on signal molecules in NF-κ B p65 in Raw264.7 cells. Raw264.7 cells were pretreated with GSF_Hx (12.5, 25, 50, 100 ㎍/㎖), EA (10 ㎍/㎖) and OA (10 ㎍/㎖) for 1 h, and then stimulated with LPS (lipopolysaccharides, 1 ㎍/㎖) for 30 mins. The cystolic and nuclear fractions were gained with nuclear extract kit and subjected to SDS-PAGE. Total fractions were electrophoresed and analyzed with Western blot using NF-κB p65, β-actin and YY-1 specific antibodies. The data presented are representative of 3 independent experiments.$ 그림 Fig. 7. Effects of GSF_Hx on signal molecules in NF-κ B p65 in Raw264.7 cells. Raw264.7 cells were pretreated with GSF_Hx (12.5, 25, 50, 100 ㎍/㎖), EA (10 ㎍/㎖) and OA (10 ㎍/㎖) for 1 h, and then stimulated with LPS (lipopolysaccharides, 1 ㎍/㎖) for 30 mins. The cystolic and nuclear fractions were gained with nuclear extract kit and subjected to SDS-PAGE. Total fractions were electrophoresed and analyzed with Western blot using NF-κB p65, β-actin and YY-1 specific antibodies. The data presented are representative of 3 independent experiments.
그림 Fig. 8. Topical application of GSF_Hx, EA and OA improved the clinical features of dermatitis in NC/Nga Tnd mouse. Atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mice were induced by DNCB treatment in the dorsal skin for 3 weeks (5 mice that were in each group). Symptoms were evaluated by skin dryness, eruption and wound on the back. NC/Nga-Nr (normal group) : Non treated group DNCB-CTL (control group) : DNCB treatment DNCB-FK506 (positive control group) : DNCB treatment with 100 ㎍ FK506 (tacrominus 0.1%) DNCB-GSF_Hx-50 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 50 ㎎/㎏ GSF_Hx DNCB-GSF_Hx-100 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administrati on of 100 ㎎/㎏ GSF_Hx DNCB-EA-10 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 10 ㎎/㎏ EA DNCB-OA-25 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 25 ㎎/㎏ OA
그림 Fig. 9. Skin clinical score of atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mouse induced by DNCB. Atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mice were induced by DNCB treatment in the dorsal skin for 3 weeks (5 mice that were in each group). Skin clinical score were evaluated by erythema/hemorrhage, scarring/dryness and excoriation/erosion every 2 weeks. NC/Nga-Nr (normal group) : Non treated group DNCB-CTL (control group) : DNCB treatment DNCB-FK506 (positive control group) : DNCB treatment with 100 ㎍ FK506 (tacrominus 0.1%) DNCB-GSF_Hx-50 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 50 ㎎/㎏ GSF_Hx DNCB-GSF_Hx-100 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 100 ㎎/㎏ GSF_Hx DNCB-EA-10 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 10 ㎎/㎏ EA DNCB-OA-25 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 25 ㎎/㎏ OA
그림 Fig. 10. Serum IgE elevation release and development in atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mouse induced by DNCB. Atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mice were induced by DNCB treatment in the dorsal skin for 3 weeks (5 mice that were in each group). After NC/Nga Tnd mice were anesthetized with ether, immediately blood was gathered from the retro-orbital plexus with syringes contained heparin. Total IgE levels were analyzed with a sandwich ELISA. Each point signified the mean ± S.E of three mice (*** p<0.001 compared with DNCB-CTL). NC/Nga-Nr (normal group) : Non treated group DNCB-CTL (control group) : DNCB treatment DNCB-FK506 (positive control group) : DNCB treatment with 100 ㎍ FK506 (tacrominus 0.1%) DNCB-GSF_Hx-50 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 50 ㎎/㎏ GSF_Hx DNCB-GSF_Hx-100 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 100 ㎎/㎏ GSF_Hx DNCB-EA-10 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 10 ㎎/㎏ EA DNCB-OA-25 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 25 ㎎/㎏ OA
그림 Fig. 11. Culture supernatant IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IFN-γ level in splenocytes in atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mouse induced by DNCB. Atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mice were induced by DNCB treatment in the dorsal skin for 3 weeks (5 mice that were in each group). Splenocytes from mice at 15 weeks age were re-stimulated with anti-CD3 (0.5 ㎍/㎖) for 48 hrs. IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IFN-γ release levels were analyzed with a sandwich ELISA. Each point signified the mean ± S.E of three mice (^* p<0.05, ^** p<0.01, ^*** p<0.001 compared with DNCB-CTL, ^##p<0.01, ^###p<0.001 compared with NC/Nga-Nr). NC/Nga-Nr (normal group) : Non treated group DNCB-CTL (control group) : DNCB treatment DNCB-FK506 (positive control group) : DNCB treatment with 100 ㎍ FK506 (tacrominus 0.1%) DNCB-GSF_Hx-50 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 50 ㎎/㎏ GSF_Hx DNCB-GSF_Hx-100 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 100 ㎎/㎏ GSF_Hx DNCB-EA-10 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 10 ㎎/㎏ EA DNCB-OA-25 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 25 ㎎/㎏ OA
그림 Fig. 12. Total cell number of ALN and dorsal skin in atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mouse induced by DNCB. Atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mice were induced by DNCB treatment in the dorsal skin for 3 weeks (5 mice that were in each group). Total cell count was (A) in NC/Nga Tnd mice ALN and (B) in NC/Nga Tnd mice dorsal skin. Each point represents the mean ± S.E of three mice (^** p<0.01, ^*** p<0.001 compared with DNCB-CTL, ^## p<0.01, ^### p<0.001 compared with NC/Nga-Nr). NC/Nga-Nr (normal group) : Non treated group DNCB-CTL (control group) : DNCB treatment DNCB-FK506 (positive control group) : DNCB treatment with 100 ㎍ FK506 (tacrominus 0.1%) DNCB-GSF_Hx-50 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 50 ㎎/㎏ GSF_Hx DNCB-GSF_Hx-100 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 100 ㎎/㎏ GSF_Hx DNCB-EA-10 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 10 ㎎/㎏ EA DNCB-OA-25 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 25 ㎎/㎏ OA
그림 Fig. 13. Effects of GSF_Hx, EA and OA on FACS analysis in PBMCs in atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mouse induced by DNCB. Atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mice were induced by DNCB treatment in the dorsal skin for 3 weeks (5 mice that were in each group). The immunofluorescence staining was carried out on PBMCs in gathered blood. Then PBMCs were washed thrice and measured by flow cytometer. Total cell content percent of CD4+, CD8+ was (A) and Total cell content percent of Gr-1⁺/CD11b⁺ was (B) in NC/Nga Tnd mice PBMCs. Each point signified the mean ± S.E of three mice (^** p<0.01, ^*** p<0.001 compared with DNCB-CTL, ^## p<0.01, ^### p<0.001 compared with NC/Nga-Nr). NC/Nga-Nr (normal group) : Non treated group DNCB-CTL (control group) : DNCB treatment DNCB-FK506 (positive control group) : DNCB treatment with 100 ㎍ FK506 (tacrominus 0.1%) DNCB-GSF_Hx-50 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 50 ㎎/㎏ GSF_Hx DNCB-GSF_Hx-100 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 100 ㎎/㎏ GSF_Hx DNCB-EA-10 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 10 ㎎/㎏ EA DNCB-OA-25 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 25 ㎎/㎏ OA
그림 Fig. 14. Effects of GSF_Hx, EA and OA on FACS analysis in ALN in atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mouse induced by DNCB. Atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mice were induced by DNCB treatment in the dorsal skin for 3 weeks (5 mice that were in each group). ALN (5×10⁵ cells/㎖) were isolated, and then the ALN cells were washed thrice and measured by flow cytometer. Total absolute number of CD4+, CD8+ was (A) and B220⁺/CD69⁺ was (B) in NC/Nga Tnd mice ALN. Each point signified the mean ± S.E of three mice (^* p<0.05, ^** p<0.01 compared with DNCB-CTL, ^# P<0.05, ^### P<0.001 compared with NC/Nga-Nr). NC/Nga-Nr (normal group) : Non treated group DNCB-CTL (control group) : DNCB treatment DNCB-FK506 (positive control group) : DNCB treatment with 100 ㎍ FK506 (tacrominus 0.1%) DNCB-GSF_Hx-50 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 50 ㎎/㎏ GSF_Hx DNCB-GSF_Hx-100 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 100 ㎎/㎏ GSF_Hx DNCB-EA-10 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 10 ㎎/㎏ EA DNCB-OA-25 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 25 ㎎/㎏ OA
그림 Fig. 15. Effects of GSF_Hx, EA and OA on FACS analysis in dorsal skin tissue in atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mouse induced by DNCB. Atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mice were induced by DNCB treatment in the dorsal skin for 3 weeks (5 mice that were in each group). Dorsal skin cells (5×10⁵ cells/㎖) of NC/Nga Tnd mice were isolated, and then washed thrice and measured by flow cytometer. Total absolute number of CD4+, CD8+ was (A) and Gr-1⁺CD11b⁺ was (B) in NC/Nga Tnd mice dorsal skin cells. Each point signified the mean ± S.E of three mice (^* p<0.05, ^** p<0.01 compared with DNCB-CTL, ^## p<0.01 compared with NC/Nga-Nr). NC/Nga-Nr (normal group) : Non treated group DNCB-CTL (control group) : DNCB treatment DNCB-FK506 (positive control group) : DNCB treatment with 100 ㎍ FK506 (tacrominus 0.1%) DNCB-GSF_Hx-50 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 50 ㎎/㎏ GSF_Hx DNCB-GSF_Hx-100 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 100 ㎎/㎏ GSF_Hx DNCB-EA-10 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 10 ㎎/㎏ EA DNCB-OA-25 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 25 ㎎/㎏ OA
그림 Fig. 16. Effects of GSF_Hx, EA and OA on IL-4, IL-13, TGF-β 1, COX-2 and TNF-α mRNA expression in dorsal skin tissue in atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mouse induced by DNCB. Atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mice were induced by DNCB treatment in the dorsal skin for 3 weeks (5 mice that were in each group). IL-4 (A), IL-13 (B), TGF-β1 (C), COX-2 (D) and TNF-α (E) mRNA synthesized by real-time PCR was analyzed. The amount of SYBR green was analyzed at the end of each cycle. The cycle number at which the excrete intensity of the sample towers above the baseline was named the RQ (relative quantitative). Real-time PCR was carried out in duplicate and analyzed with the Applied Biosystems 7500 real-time PCR system. Each point signified the mean ± S.E of three mice (^* p<0.05, ^** p<0.01, ^*** p<0.001 compared with DNCB-CTL, ^# p<0.05, ^## p<0.01, ^### p<0.001 compared with NC/Nga-Nr). NC/Nga-Nr (normal group) : Non treated group DNCB-CTL (control group) : DNCB treatment DNCB-FK506 (positive control group) : DNCB treatment with 100 ㎍ FK506 (tacrominus 0.1%) DNCB-GSF_Hx-50 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 50 ㎎/㎏ GSF_Hx DNCB-GSF_Hx-100 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 100 ㎎/㎏ GSF_Hx DNCB-EA-10 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 10 ㎎/㎏ EA DNCB-OA-25 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 25 ㎎/㎏ OA
그림 Fig. 17. Histological features of dorsal skin group in atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mouse induced by DNCB. Atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mice were induced by DNCB treatment in the dorsal skin for 3 weeks (5 mice that were in each group). NC/Nga Tnd mice skin biopsy were dyed with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and the result showed the change of the epidermis (green arrow) with bright microscope (×200). NC/Nga skin biopsy were dyed with toluidine blue and exposes the degranulated mast cells (green arrow) in the dermis by bright microscope (×200). NC/Nga-Nr (normal group) : Non treated group DNCB-CTL (control group) : DNCB treatment DNCB-FK506 (positive control group) : DNCB treatment with 100 ㎍ FK506 (tacrominus 0.1%) DNCB-GSF_Hx 50 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 50 ㎎/㎏ GSF_Hx DNCB-GSF_Hx 100 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 100 ㎎/㎏ GSF_Hx DNCB-Echinocysitic Acid 10 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 10 ㎎/㎏ EA DNCB-Oleanolic Acid 25 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 25 ㎎/㎏ OA
그림 Fig. 18. Topical application of GSF_Hx increases stratum corneum hydration and decreases transepidermal water loss(TEWL) in hairless dorsal skin of atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mouse induced by DNCB. Atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mice were induced by DNCB treatment in the dorsal skin for 3 weeks (5 mice that were in each group). TEWL was dramatically increased after DNCB treatment. Topical application of GSF_Hx, EA and OA decreased TEWL in atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mice. Each point signified the mean ± S.E of three mice (^* p<0.05, ^** p<0.01, ^*** p<0.001 compared with DNCB-CTL, ^### p<0.001 compared with NC/Nga-Nr). NC/Nga-Nr (normal group) : Non treated group DNCB-CTL (control group) : DNCB treatment DNCB-FK506 (positive control group) : DNCB treatment with 100 ㎍ FK506 (tacrominus 0.1%) DNCB-GSF_Hx-50 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 50 ㎎/㎏ GSF_Hx DNCB-GSF_Hx-100 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 100 ㎎/㎏ GSF_Hx DNCB-EA-10 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 10 ㎎/㎏ EA DNCB-OA-25 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 25 ㎎/㎏ OA
그림 Fig. 19. Glucocerebrosidase(β-glucosidase) activity of GSF_Hx in skin tissue in atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mouse induced by DNCB. Atopic dermatitis NC/Nga Tnd mice were induced by DNCB treatment in the dorsal skin for 3 weeks (5 mice that were in each group). β-glucosidse activity levels were analyzed using a spectrofluorimeter (excitation = 360nm, emission = 450nm) after centrifugation of epidermis. Each point signified the mean ± S.E of three mice (^* p<0.05, ^** p<0.01 compared with DNCB-CTL). NC/Nga-Nr (normal group) : Non treated group DNCB-CTL (control group) : DNCB treatment DNCB-FK506 (positive control group) : DNCB treatment with 100 ㎍ FK506 (tacrominus 0.1%) DNCB-GSF_Hx-50 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 50 ㎎/㎏ GSF_Hx DNCB-GSF_Hx-100 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 100 ㎎/㎏ GSF_Hx DNCB-EA-10 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 10 ㎎/㎏ EA DNCB-OA-25 mg/kg : DNCB treatment with orally administration of 25 ㎎/㎏ OA

참고문헌 (48)

Hanuigwadaehak Bonchohak Pyeonchanwiwonhoe. Bonchohak. Seoul: Yeongrimsa Publishing Co. 2008:490-1.
Heo J. Shindaeyukdonguibokam. Seoul: Bubinmunhwasa Publishing Co. 2009:597-9.
Dai Y, Chan YP, Chu LM, But PPH. Antiallergic and Anti-inflammatory properties of the Ethanolic Extract from Gleditsia sinensis. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2002;25(9):1179-82.

상세보기
Fu LJ, Dai YI, Wang ZT, Zhang M. Inhibition of experimental allergic rhinitis by the n-Butanol fraction from the Anomalous Fruits of Gleditsia sinensis. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2003;26(7):974-7.

상세보기
Lee MY, Shin IS, Seo CS, Ha HK, Shin HK. Antiasthmatic effects of Gleditsia sinensis in an ovalbumin-induced murine model of asthma. International Journal of Toxicology. 2011;30(5):528-37.

상세보기
Choi JY, Kwun MJ, Kim KH, Lyu JH, Han CW, Jeong HS, Ha KT, Jung HJ, Lee BJ, Sadikot RT, Christman JW, Jung SK, Joo MS. Protective effect of the fruit hull of Gleditsia sinensis on LPS-Induced acute lung injury is associated with Nrf2 activation. EvidenceBased Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2012, Article ID 974713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/974713.

상세보기
Kim KH, Han CW, Yoon SH, Kim YS, Kim JI, Joo M, Choi JY. The fruit hull of Gleditsia sinensis enhances the anti-tumor effect of cis-diammine dichloridoplatinum II (Cisplatin). Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2016, Article ID 7480971, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7480971.

상세보기
Park DY. Antioxidant activities of extracts from Gleditsiae fructus. Grad School Chung-Ang Univ. 2012.
Kim YJ, Kim J, Park HJ, Lee CM, Lee KY. Inhibition effect of Gleditsia Sinensis Lam on T tyrosinase activity and reactive oxygen species related to melanin biosynthesis. J. Kor Society for Biotechnol & Bioeng, 2005;4:541-3.
Lee EO, Yu CS. Study on 'Chu-Suk'(VI) -Prosapogenin in pods of Gleditschia officinalis. Kor. J. Pharmacog. 1978:9(2):93-7.
Jung GJ. Antioxidant effect and Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the 20 Leguminosae family plants. Grad School Sunchon National Univ. 2012.
Kim YZ. The whitening effect of the mixture of Johyeob and Cheongung. Kor. J. Soc. B&A. 2007;8(2):3-14
Park HJ, Lee DH, Kim MM. Effect of Saponin with antioxidant activity on matrix metalloproteinase in human dermal fibroblasts. J. Life Sci. 2011;21(9):1266-73.

원문보기 상세보기
Joh EH. Anti-inflammatory effects of saponins derived from natural products. Grad School Kyung Hee Univ. 2015.
Miyase T, Melek FR, Warashina T, Selim MA, Kassem IAA. Bisdesmosidic saponins from fruits of Gleditsia caspica Desf. Rev.Latinoamer.Quim. 2009;37(3):218-29.
Chen JP, LI JG, Zheng KYZ, GUO AJY, Zhu KY, Zhang WL, Zhan JYX, Dong TTX, ZIREN SU, Tsim KWK. Chemical fingerprinting and quantitative analysis of two common Gleditsia sinensis fruits using HPLC-DAD. Acta Pharm. 2013;63:505-15.

상세보기
Ma Z, Wang Y, Piao T, Liu J. Echinocystic Acid Inhibits IL-1β-Induced COX-2 and iNOS Expression in Human Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes. Inflammation. 2016;39(2):543-9.

상세보기
Yang JH, Li B, Wu Q, Lv JG, Nie HY. Echinocystic acid inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by regulating NF-κB and ERK signaling pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2016;477(4):673-7.

상세보기
Lai P, Liu Y. Echinocystic acid, isolated from Gleditsia sinensis fruit, protects endothelial progenitor cells from damage caused by oxLDL via the Akt/eNOS pathway. Life Sci. 2014;114(2):62-9.

상세보기
Choi JK, Oh HM, Lee SY, Park JW, Khang DW, Lee SW, Lee WS, Rho MC, Kim SH. Oleanolic acid acetate inhibits atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis in a murine model. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2013;269:72-80.

상세보기
Koo EJ, Han JK, Kim YH. The effect on anti-inflammatory action in HaCaT cells and inhibiting sebum secretion in SEB-1 cells by Gleditsiae Fructus extract. J Pediatr Korean Med. 2016;30(2):96-106.

원문보기 상세보기
Leung DYM, Boguniewicz M, Howell MD, Nomura I, Hamid QA. New insights into atopic dermatitis. J Clin invest. 2004;113(5):651-7.

상세보기
Schneider L, Tilles S, Lio P, Boguniewicz M, Beck L, LeBovidge J, Novak N. Atopic dermatitis: A practice parameter update 2012. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131:295-9.

상세보기
Lee DH, Doh EJ, Lee JY, Park Y, Oh JW, Lee MH, Hong SJ, Lee SY, Park JS, Nahm DH, Yum HY. Multicenter questionnaires on the current management of atopic dermatitis in Korea. Allergy Asthma Respir Dis. 2016;4(4):271-5.
Kim MY. Factors of affecting atopic dermatitis in infant. Grad School Yonsei Univ. 2015.
Na MS, Kim GR, Ha EK, Lee SJ, Sheen YH, Choi SH, Jung YH, Lee KS, Jee HM, Han MY. Allergen sensitization and clinical characteristics in young children with atopic dermatitis. Allergy Asthma Respir Dis. 2017;5(3):128-34.

상세보기
Yamamoto M, Haruna T, Yasui K, Takahashi H, Iduhara M, Takaki S, Deguchi M, Arimura A. A novel Atopic dermatitis model induced by topical aplication with dermatophagoides Farinae extract in NC/Nga Tnd mice. Allergology International. 2007;56(2):139-48.

상세보기
Park NJ. The improvement effect of Lobelia chinensis on atopic dermatitis and skin barrier function. Grad School Gangleung Wonju Univ. 2017.
Kim DW. Review of atopic dermatitis. Update in Dermatology. 2003;1(3):14-20.
Ahn JH. Efficacy and safety of topical Jaungo application in patients with atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Grad School Kyung hee Univ. 2017.
Kang HG, Lee SA, Kim HJ, Yum HY. The measurement of serum corticosteroid level in atopic dermatitis patients associated with application of topical corticosteroids. Allergy Asthma Respir Dis. 2017;5(2):79-82.
Kim HS, Cho SH. Treatment for atopic dermatitis. Journal of the Korean Medical Association, 2014;57(3):226-33.

상세보기
Guglielmetti, S, Dart, J. K, Calder, V. Atopic keratoconjunctivitis and atopic dermatitis. Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology. 2010;10(5):478-85.

상세보기
Lee JY, Her Y, Kim CW, Kim SS. Topical corticosteroid phobia among parents of children with atopic eczema in Korea. Ann Dermatol. 2015;27:499-506.

상세보기
Kim GW. Effects of ATO-tang on Anti-atopic Dermatitis and Skin Regeneration. Grad School Dae jeon Univ. 2017.
Jang KA. Hankulkyoungakjeonsu (2). Seoul: Hanmiuihak Publishing Co. 2011:58.
Kim BJ, Lim YY, Kim HM, Park EJ, Ki MN, Cho SM, Choi CS, Park KM, Kim HS, Kim JK, Hong YP. Effect of anti-inflammation and skin hydration of AF-343 on macrophage Raw 264.7 Cells and NC/Nga mice with Atopic dermatitis. Korean J Med Mycol. 2010;(15)2:61-76.
Sun RH, Park YK, Bae HS. Effects of Tribuli Fructus extract on inflammatory responses in IgE-stimulated RBL-2H3 mast cells. he Korea J Herb. 2017;32(2):107-14.

원문보기 상세보기
Baeuerle PA, Baltimore D. NF-kappa B ten years after. Cell. 1996;87:13-20.

상세보기
Aioi A, Tonogaito H, Suto H, Hamada K, Ra CR, Ogawa H, Maibach H, Matsuda H. Impairment of skin barrier function in NC/Nga Tnd mice as a possible model for atopic dermatitis. British Journal of Dermatology. 2001;144(1):12-8.

상세보기
Vestergaard C, Yoneyama H, Matsushima K. The NC/Nga mouse: a model for atopic dermatitis. 2000;5(1):209-10.

상세보기
Lee JH, Han JK, Kim YH. The effects of Forsythiae Fructus n-BuOH fraction on Atopic dermatitis. J Pediatr Korean Med. 2016;30(3):1-30.

원문보기 상세보기
Kang KY, Han JK, Kim YH. The effects of Prunus Armeniaca Linne Var fractions on Th2 cytokine expression and Atopic dermatitis of NC/Nga mouse. J Pediatr Korean Med. 2016;30(4):29-59.

원문보기 상세보기
Kim KJ, Lee GH, Jung HY, Hong SS, Jeong JY, Lee SM, Nam WH, Byeon JS, Myung SJ, Yang SK, Hong WS, Kim JH, Min YI, Kim JS. The expression of TGF-β1 in patients with chronic Atrophic gastritis. Clin Endosc. 2006;33:271-7.
Park JH. Opposing roles of TGF-β in IL-1β-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in follicular dendritic cell-like cells. Grad School Kangwon National Univ. 2016.
Kim SH, Yun DC, Kim HT, Ho DS, Yoon KS. A clinical research of Atopic dermatitis treated by Yeongyuseungmatang in cosmetics. J Korean Med Ophthalmol Otolaryngol Dermatol. 2008;21(2):126-41.
Kitatani K, Sheldon K, Rajagopalan V, Anelli V, Jenkins RW, Sun Y, Grabowski GA, Obeid LM, Hannun YA. Involvement of acid β-Glucosidase 1 in the salvage pathway of ceramide formation. J Biol Chem. 2009;284(19):12972-8.

상세보기
Sonkoly E, Muller A, Lauerma AI, Pivarcsi A, Soto H, Kemeny L, Alenius H, Dieu-Nosjean MC, Meller S, Rieker J, Steinhoff M, Hoffmann TK, Ruzicka T, Zlotnik A, Homey B. IL-31: A new link between T cells and pruritus in atopic skin inflammation. J Allergy clin immunol. 2006;177(2):411-7.

저자의 다른 논문 :

표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

연합인증