[논문]수고 및 흉고직경 측정 스마트폰 애플리케이션 개발

김동현; 김선재; 성은지; 김동근

doi:10.14578/jkfs.2021.110.1.72

수고 및 흉고직경 측정 스마트폰 애플리케이션 개발
Development of a Smartphone Application for the Measurement of Tree Height and Diameter at Breast Height 원문보기

한국산림과학회지 = Journal of korean society of forest science, v.110 no.1, 2021년, pp.72 - 81

김동현 (경북대학교 생태환경시스템학과) , 김선재 (경북대학교 소트프웨어학과) , 성은지 (경북대학교 소트프웨어학과) , 김동근 (경북대학교 생태환경시스템학과)

초록
AI-Helper

본 연구는 다양한 임목 정보를 측정하고 효과적으로 관리하기 위해 스마트폰 애플리케이션과 웹 애플리케이션 서버(Web Application Server, WAS)를 개발하였다. 수고, 방위, 고도, 경사, 위치 좌표는 스마트폰에 내장된 동작센서를 통해 취득된 각도를 삼각법에 적용하여 측정하였으며, 흉고직경 및 거리는 Google AR Core에서 제공하는 AR API(Application Programming Interface)를 응용하여 측정할 수 있도록 하였다. 웹 애플리케이션 서버는 스마트폰이 측정한 데이터를 수신하여 저장, 조회, 출력하고 수목의 위치를 카카오 맵에 표시할 수 있도록 개발하였다. 또한, 개발된 애플리케이션의 정확성을 평가하기 위해 인공 침엽수림에서 잣나무 90본, 천연 혼효림에서 무작위로 90본을 선정하여 버텍스 및 윤척과 비교하였다. 비교 결과, 흉고직경과 수고 모두 95% 수준에서 유의한 결과를 나타내었으며, 흉고직경의 경우 인공 침엽수림이 평균 0.6745 cm, 천연 혼효림에서는 평균 1.0139 cm의 오차를 보였다. 수고는 인공 침엽수림이 평균 0.6714 cm, 천연 혼효림은 평균 1.3297 m의 오차를 보였다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

We developed smartphone application and web application server to acquire and effectively manage tree measurement information. Smartphone applications can measure tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), azimuth, altitude, slope, and positional coordinates using augmented reality (Google AR core) and motion sensors. The web application server effectively manages and stores measurement information. To evaluate the accuracy of information acquired using a smartphone, 90 Korean pine trees (Pinus koraiensis) were randomly selected from a natural mixed forest, with a total of 90 representative trees randomly collected from a natural mixed forest. Then, height and DBH were measured using a Haglof Vertex Laser Hypsometer and caliper. Comparisons of the results indicated significant results at the 95% level and a very high average correlation of 0.972 for both tree height and DBH. In terms of DBH, the average errors were 0.6745 cm and 1.0139 cm for artificial coniferous and natural mixed forests, respectively.

주제어

표/그림 (10)

표 Table 1. Development environment of smartphone app and Web Application Server (WAS).
그림 Figure 1. Workflow of the tree measurement using smartphone application and web application server (WAS).
그림 Figure 2. AR objects placed in the real world. A represents the user eyes height, B represents the measurement DBH, C allows A, B to move and fixed in real world and calculate the distance using the a_x, a_y, a_z coordinates of the AR object and the p_x, p_y, p_z coordinates of the smartphone, and develop a method to minimize the error in measuring the D_t due to the difference in distance between the AR object and the tree(g).
표 Table 2. Stand information of study area.
그림 Figure 3. Rotation and rotation angle adjustment function of AR object with quaternion applied to measuring the curved breast height area. k is axis of the rotate. θ is rotate angle. a_x, a_y, a_z is coordinate the AR object.
그림 Figure 4. Smartphone sensor system and measurement of tree height using motion sensor. (a) Smartphone rotation about x, y, z axis. Pitch is rotation about axis x(R_x) and roll is rotation about axis x(R_y). Yaw is rotation about axis z(R_z). (b) The sensor built into the smartphone can acquire the Ry¹, Ry² and estimate the tree height and azimuth by applying trigonometry using the Ry¹, Ry² value. The azimuth bearing was calculated using Ry¹, and the tree height was calculated using Ry²
그림 Figure 5. Configuring of smartphone and web application. (a) The first screen of smartphon app. (b) Screen for DBH measurement. (c) Screen for height, slope, take a picture and data transfer.
그림 Figure 6. Web application server that stores and manages data measured by the smartphone application. (a) On the web server, user can search for the location of the tree, the height of the DBH, and the number of the tree, and user can add and modify it. (b) WAS can be output as spread sheet file.
표 Table 3. Results of regression analysis on tree heights and DBH acquired from the both study sties.
그림 Figure 7. Simple regression analysis of DBH and tree height measurements on stand data acquired from the both study sties. (a) Results of total tree height. (b) Results of total DBH. (c) Results of tree height in site 1. (d) Results of DBH in site 1. (e) Results of tree height in site 2. (f) Results of DBH in site 2. **: α<.05

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