[논문]서울시 세대별 창업 분포와 영향 요인에 대한 연구: 청년층과 중년층의 비교를 중심으로

홍성표; 임한려

doi:10.16972/apjbve.16.3.202106.13

서울시 세대별 창업 분포와 영향 요인에 대한 연구: 청년층과 중년층의 비교를 중심으로
A Study on the Distribution of Startups and Influencing Factors by Generation in Seoul: Focusing on the Comparison of Young and Middle-aged 원문보기

벤처창업연구= Asia-Pacific journal of business and venturing, v.16 no.3, 2021년, pp.13 - 29

홍성표 (서울시50플러스재단 정책연구센터) , 임한려 (서울대학교 경력개발센터)

초록
AI-Helper

이 연구는 서울시 세대별(청년층, 중년층) 창업의 공간적 분포와 영향 요인을 분석하는데 목적이 있었다. 이를 위해 창업가의 연령대 자료를 포함하고 있는 서울시 사업체조사(2018) 데이터를 활용하여 서울시 424개 행정동의 세대별 창업 분포를 분석했으며, 산업, 인구구조 및 창업지원 기관 관련 변인이 포함된 연구모형을 설정하여 세대별 창업의 영향 요인을 분석하였다. 분석 방법은 서울시 행정동의 세대별 창업과 주요 변인들의 빈도, 평균 및 표준편차를 확인하기 위해 기술통계를 활용했으며, 전역적, 국지적 공간자기상관 분석을 통해 세대별 창업의 공간적 분포를 분석하였다. 특히 세대별 전체 창업과 주요 산업별 창업을 구분하여 분석함으로써 서울시 창업의 공간 분포를 심층적으로 확인하였다. 이후 라그랑주 검정을 통해 공간회귀분석 모형을 선택하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 세대별 창업에 미치는 지역적 영향 요인을 분석하였다. 연구결과를 통해 도출한 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청년층과 중년층 창업의 공간적 분포에 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 청년층은 서초·강남-용산-마포-강서구로 이어지는 벨트 지역에서 창업이 활발하게 이루어졌지만, 중년층은 서초·강남·송파·강동으로 대표되는 동남권 지역의 창업이 활발한 편이었다. 둘째, 서울시 세대별 창업은 업종에 따라 다양한 공간적 분포를 보였다. 지식첨단산업(정보통신, 전문서비스)은 세대 공통적으로 서초, 강남, 마포, 구로, 금천구가 중심지역이었으며, 제조업은 기존 집적지를 중심으로 창업이 집중되어 있었다. 반면 생활서비스업의 경우 청년층은 용산, 마포, 관악 등 대학과 문화 중심지역에서 창업이 활발했으며, 중년층은 신시가지 중심으로 창업이 집중되었다. 셋째, 서울시의 세대별 창업 입지에 대한 영향 요인에 차이가 있었다. 청년층은 첨단산업, 대학, 문화자본 및 인구 밀집이 창업에 유의미한 영향 요인이었으며, 중년층은 전문서비스 특화도, 낮은 평균연령, 창업지원 기관 밀집 수준이 창업에 유의미한 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 이러한 입지요인은 산업별로 차별적인 영향이 있었다. 연구를 통해 제시한 제언은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 서울시 지역, 산업 및 세대별 특성을 고려한 체계적인 창업지원이 필요하다. 세대별 창업 지역과 산업에 상당한 차이가 있는 만큼 지역 및 산업적 특성을 고려한 맞춤형 창업지원 체계를 강화할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 연구 방법적 측면에서 데이터 축적을 통해 자치구 단위에서 문화, 재정 등을 종합적으로 고려한 후속 연구가 필요하다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The purpose of this study was to analyze the spatial distribution and location factors of startups by generation (young and middle-aged) in Seoul. To this end, a research model was established that included factors of industry, population, and startup institutions by generation in 424 administrative districts using the Seoul Business Enterprise Survey(2018), which includes data on the age group of entrepreneurs. As an analysis method, descriptive statistics were conducted to confirm the frequency, average and standard deviation of startups by generation and major variables in the administrative districts of Seoul, and spatial distribution and characteristics of startups by generation were analyzed through global and local spatial autocorrelation analysis. In particular, the spatial distribution of startups in Seoul was confirmed in-depth by categorizing and analyzing startups by major industries. Afterwards, an appropriate spatial regression analysis model was selected through the Lagrange test, and based on this, the location factors affecting startups by generation were analyzed. The main results derived from the research results are as follows. First, there was a significant difference in the spatial distribution of young and middle-aged startups. The young people started to startups in the belt-shaped area that connects Seocho·Gangnam-Yongsan-Mapo-Gangseo, while middle-aged people were relatively active in the southeastern region represented by Seocho, Gangnam, Songpa, and Gangdong. Second, startups by generation in Seoul showed various spatial distributions according to the type of business. In the knowledge high-tech industries(ICT, professional services) in common, Seocho, Gangnam, Mapo, Guro, and Geumcheon were the centers, and the manufacturing industry was focused on existing clusters. On the other hand, in the case of the life service industry, young people were active in startups near universities and cultural centers, while middle-aged people were concentrated on new towns. Third, there was a difference in factors that influenced the startup location of each generation in Seoul. For young people, high-tech industries, universities, cultural capital, and densely populated areas were significant factors for startup, and for middle-aged people, professional service areas, low average age, and the level of concentration of start-up support institutions had a significant influence on startup. Also, these location factors had different influences for each industry. The implications suggested through the study are as follows. First, it is necessary to support systematic startups considering the characteristics of each region, industry, and generation in Seoul. As there are significant differences in startup regions and industries by generation, it is necessary to strengthen a customized startup support system that takes into account these regional and industrial characteristics. Second, in terms of research methods, a follow-up study is needed that comprehensively considers culture and finance at the large districts(Gu) level through data accumulation.

주제어

참고문헌 (45)

Ahn, H. J., & Ko, S. C.(2019). The Effects of Location Characteristics of New Technology-Based Firms on Their Business Performance. Journal of The Korean Regional Development Association, 31(2), 91-121.
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M.(1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Anselin, L.(2002). Mapping and analysis for spatial social science. Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science. University of California, Santa Barbara, CA.
Bae, E. S., & Yun, K. S.(2020). An Analysis of Spatial Distribution Characteristics for Knowledge Services Startups in Busan. The Korean Journal of Local Government Studies, 23(4), 247-263.

상세보기
Bird, B.(1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention. Academy of management Review, 13(3), 442-453.

상세보기
Cho, S. C.(2020). Industrial Location Supply Direction for Millennial Young Generation. KRIHS POLICY BRIEF, 2020.9, 1-6.
Cho, D. H., Joo, J. W., & Yoo, I. H.(2019). Industrial Clusters and Locations of Start-up Corporations in Seoul(2018-BR-22). Seoul: The Seoul Institute.
Choi, C. H., & An, D. H.(2010). Factors Affecting on New Firm Formation. Journal of Korea Planning Association, 45(2), 193-205.
Choi, Y. J.(2018). Determinants of Size of Social Economy in Korean Municipalities: Spatial Regression Approach. The Korean Journal of Local Government Studies, 22(2), 455-476.

상세보기
Hong, S. P., & Yang, I. J.(2020). Characteristics of Seoul's Industrial Clusters and Directions for Linking 50+ Jobs(Seoul50plus2020-012). Seoul: Seoul 50plus Foundation.
Hoover, E. M.(1937). Location theory and the shoe and leather industries. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
Jung, J. W., Cho, H. J., & Byun, B. S.(2020). The Location Distribution and Growth of Industries Related to the 4th Industrial Revolution, 2010-2018. The Geographical Journal of Korea, 54(4), 461-476.
Jang, J. H., Song, H. Y., Kim, H. S., Heo, M. G., Kim, C. J., & Byun, C. W.(2014). The Spatial Distribution and the Determinants of Agglomeration of Creative Industries in Korea. Korea Institute for Industrial Economics & Trade.
Jang, S. M.(2008). An Analysis of Determinants and Agglomeration Effects of Industrial Clusters in Seoul. Doctoral dissertation. University of Seoul.
Jang, S. H., Kim, H. J., & Ban, S. S.(2014). The Effects of Women Entrepreneurs Characteristics, Organizational Culture, and Entrepreneurship on Business Performance. Productivity review, 28(1), 187-215.

상세보기
Jang, Y. & Lee, S.(2009). Spatial Regression Analysis between Creative Industry and Commercial Activity Index for Seoul. Journal of Korea Planning Association, 44(6), 51-64.
Kim, J. W.(2013). A Study on Effects of Entrepreneurship and Personal Characteristics on Intention for Business Start-up. Master dissertation. Chung-Ang University.
Kim, J. H.(2015). The Impact of Theater Agglomeration on the Performing Art Industry. Doctoral dissertation. Seoul National University.
Kim, J. J., & Kim, K. S.(2009). An Analysis on Locational Factors of Urban Industrial Cluster: The Case of Seoul Digital Valley. Journal of Korea Planning Association, 44(7), 85-96.
Kim, N. P., & Kwon, Y. J.(2018). An Analysis of Factors Influencing the Start-up Performance of Small Business. The Journal of Policy Development, 18(1), 131-157.

상세보기
Kim, T. K.(2019). Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intention: Fear to Start-up and Start-up Communities in Class. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 14(2), 2019.4, 95-104.
Krueger, N. F., & Carsrud, A. L.(1993). Entrepreneurial intentions: Applying the theory of planned behaviour. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 5(4), 315-330.

상세보기
Krugman, P. R.(1991). Geography and trade. MIT press.
Lazzeretti, L.(Ed.).(2012). Creative industries and innovation in Europe: concepts, measures and comparative case studies. Routledge.
Lee, J. H., & Lee, H. Y.(2017). Effects of Knowledge-based Startups on Employment Growth. Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea, 20(2), 137-157.

원문보기 상세보기
Lee, K. S., & Park, S. H.(2019). Geographical Characteristics of Business Start-up and Closing Business according to the Type of Industry. Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea, 22(2), 178-195.
Lee, S. H., & Lim, U.(2017). Relationship between Employment of Foreigners and Employment of the Elderly. Journal of The Korean Regional Development Association, 29(1), 23-49.
Lim, H. R.(2019). The Moderating Effects of Career Barriers Factors in the Structural Relationship among Entrepreneurial Career Intention, Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, and Entrepreneurial Alertness of Undergraduate Students. Doctoral dissertation. Seoul National University.
Marshall, A.(1920). Industry and trade.
Ministry of SMEs and Startups.(2021.4.26.). The government's start-up budget is more than doubled in 20 years compared to 16 years. First announcement of the results of analysis of changes in the Korean startup ecosystem. Retreived from: https://www.kised.or.kr/board.es?mida10301000000&bid0004&list_no2286&actview
Nam, G. J., & Lee, D. M.(2018). An Empirical Study on Survival Characteristics of Young Start-up Entrepreneurs(20~30s). Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 13(5), 63-72.
Oh, E. J., Kim, B. S., Kim, M. H., Pan, J. H., Youn, H. H., Jeong, B. S., Cho, D. H., Choi, B., & Yu, S. N.(2016). Proposal for 'New Manufacture Seoull'. The Seoul Institute.
Ohlin, B(1933) Interregional and international trade. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
Ok, J. W., Hyun, B. H., Jang, E. S., & Yang, J. M.(2020). A Study on the Effect of Social Support on Entrepreneurial Intentions and Entrepreneurial Behaviors: Mediating Effects of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Intentions. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 15(1), 151-165.
Park, J. H.(2013). Locational Characteristics of Venture Firms. Journal of the Korean Urban Management Association, 26(2), 43-71.

상세보기
Park, J. B., Yang, Y. S., & Kim, M. S.(2020). The Effect of Active Senior"s Career Orientation and Educational Entrepreneurship Satisfaction on Entrepreneurship Intention and Entrepreneurship Preparation Behavior. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 15(1), 285-301.
Park, S. H., & Lee, K. S.(2016). Locational Characteristics of Knowledge Service Industry and Related Employment Opportunity Estimation in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea, 19(4), 694-711.

원문보기 상세보기
Porter, M. E.(1990). The competitive advantage of nations. Competitive Intelligence Review, 1(1), 14-14.
Ryu, J. Y., Nam, J., & Lee, C. H.(2014). Analysis on the Survival Rate and Impact Factors on Survival Duration for Startup Medium and Small-sized Firms in Seoul. Journal of the Korean Urban Management Association, 27(4), 247-271.
Sa, H. S.(2020). A Study on the Spatial Patterns and the Factors on Agglomeration of New Industries in Korea. Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea, 23(2), 125-146.
Scott, A. J.(1988). New industrial spaces. London: Pion
Yang, K. E., & Ha, K. S.(2020). A Study on the Factors Affecting the Intention of Entrepreneurial of Middle-Aged and Older Adults. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 15(4), 45-55.

원문보기 상세보기
Yi, C. H.(2015). A Spatial Analysis on the Formation and Dissolution of Start-up Firms in the Seoul Metropolitan Region. Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX, 45(1), 241-256.

원문보기 상세보기
Yoo, U. J., & Jeon, M. J.(2019). An Analysis on the Dynamics and Characteristics of Employment Centers in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. Journal of The Korean Regional Development Association, 31(4), 219-235.
Weber, P., & Schaper, M.(2004). Understanding the grey entrepreneur. Journal of enterprising culture, 12(02), 147-164

표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

연합인증