[논문]국내환경에서 밀 유전자원의 연차간 농업특성 분석

손재한; 양진우; 강천식; 김경훈; 김경민; 정한용; 박진희; 손지영; 박태일; 최창현

doi:10.7740/kjcs.2021.66.2.120

국내환경에서 밀 유전자원의 연차간 농업특성 분석
Annual Analysis of the Agronomic Traits of Global Wheat Germplasms in the Korean Environment 원문보기

Korean journal of crop science = 韓國作物學會誌, v.66 no.2, 2021년, pp.120 - 129

초록
AI-Helper

다양하고 우수한 밀의 유전자원을 확보하는 것은 앞으로 한국의 밀 육종에서 매우 중요한 임무이다. 따라서 본 연구는 한국뿐만 아니라 세계 60여개국으로부터 수집된 1967점의 유전자원을 확보하였고, 2018년부터 2019년까지 2년 동안 이들 자원에 대하여 특성 조사를 실시하였다. 최근 기후변화에 따라 고온과 이상기온 현상이 빈번하게 발생하고 있기 때문에, 한국의 환경에 적합하고, 특히 밀의 간장, 출수기, 성숙기 등 주요 농업 특성에 주목하였다. 2018년은 유수분얼기 및 출수기에 이상고온 현상이 나타났고, 2019년은 성숙기에 잦은 비로 인한 일조량 감소 현상이 있었다. 이와 같은 이유로 밀의 출수기와 성숙기의 변화가 확인이 되었다. 그러나 모든 자원이 같은 양상으로 변화하지는 않았다. 출수기와 성숙기가 빨라지거나 늦어졌고, 또한 기후에 상관없이 변화가 없는 밀도 있었다. 밀의 간장은 2019년이 2018년에 비해 평균 20 cm 증가하였다. 이 같은 이유는 2018년 월동기 기온의 상승이 원인일 것으로 생각되나 더욱 세밀한 연구가 필요하다. 또한 밀의 간장은 출수기와 성숙기와 상관관계를 보였고, 2018년과 2019년에 각각 35%와 20% 상관관계지수를 나타냈다. 이들 결과를 바탕으로 출수가 빠르고 성숙기간이 짧으며, 기후의 영향을 덜 받는 자원은 앞으로 한국의 밀 육종에 매우 유용하게 사용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Securing a range of wheat resources is of particular importance with respect to wheat breeding, as it provides a broad genetic foundation. Although wheat breeders have used different wheat germplasms as material resources in current breeding systems, the traits of most germplasms collected from foreign countries differ from the unique traits that have evolved in the Korean environment. In this study, conducted over a 2-year period (2018 and 2019), we therefore evaluated the agricultural traits 1,967 wheat germplasms collected not only in Korea but also worldwide. During the period from sowing to February, the average temperature in 2019 was greater than 1℃, whereas from March to June, the average temperature was approximately 0.9℃ higher in 2018. Compared with the growth recorded in 2018, the stem length in 2019 increased by approximately 20 cm in 2019, and there were notable differences heading date and maturation between 2018 and 2019. In 2019, the heading dates of 973 and 713 wheat resources were earlier and later than those in 2018, respectively. Moreover, stem length was found to be highly correlated with the heading date and maturation. In Korea, where the rainy season and tine of rice transplantation overlap with the time of wheat harvest, early flowering time with high grain yield has been the most important selection target with respect to wheat breeding. We anticipate that the findings of this study will provide would use a foundation for the selection of elite materials and the development of resource core-sets for Korean wheat breeding programs.

주제어

표/그림 (6)

그림 Fig. 1. The 1969 wheat germplasm were collected from about 60 countries and typical phenotypic traits wheat genetic resources were estimated. A and B; The picture shows 1969 wheat germplasm grown at wheat breeding fields of National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Wanju in Korea in 2018 and 2019. C; Typical origin countries and number of germplasm were list up. D; The graph shows average temperature and raining for two years (2018. Jan.~Apr. and 2019. Jan.~Apr.).
그림 Fig. 2. Heading date and maturity of 1969 wheat germplasm were estimated and compared by typical origin countries of genetic resources. A; Number of resources in heading date and maturity, respectively, B; Changed number of resources in the heading date in 2019, C; Changed number of resources in the maturity in 2019, D; Heading and mature dates for two years were divided by typical origin countries.
표 Table 1. The correlation of grain color with agriculture characteristics of wheat.
그림 Fig. 3. Comparison of wheat agricultural traits for two years. A; stem length, B; comparison of 2018 degree of change in stem length and number of resources in 2019, C; spike length, D; comparison of 2018 degree of change in spike length and number of resources in 2019.
그림 Fig. 4. The lodging rate of wheat resources by country in 2018 and 2019. A; number of wheat sources by lodging rate in 2018 and 2019, respectively, B; average stem length of wheat resources in each country, C; composition of each country’s wheat lodging rates in 2018 and 2019.
그림 Fig. 5. Association studies about correlation among plant height, heading & maturing date for the two years. A and C; correlation between plant height and heading date in 2018 and 2019, B and D; correlation between plant height and maturity in 2018 and 2019.

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