[논문]향미 개선을 위한 침지 발아 로부스타 커피의 다중 기능성 평가

유다성; 배훈천; 김영란

doi:10.9721/kjfst.2021.53.4.408

향미 개선을 위한 침지 발아 로부스타 커피의 다중 기능성 평가
Multifunctional evaluation of soaking-germinated Robusta coffee for flavor improvement 원문보기

한국식품과학회지 = Korean journal of food science and technology, v.53 no.4, 2021년, pp.408 - 415

유다성 (전남대학교 약학대학) , 배훈천 (커피루덴스) , 김영란 (전남대학교 약학대학)

초록
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본 연구는 커피의 향미개선에 효과가 있다고 알려진 침지 발아를 로부스타 커피에 적용하여 그 유용성을 검증하였다. 베트남 로부스타 커피 생두를 정제수와 함초 추출물에 침지 발아시켜 정수발아(WGC)와 함초발아(SGC) 원두를 제조하고 에스프레소 커피로 추출한 다음 그 기능성을 평가하였다. 400 ㎍/mL 농도에서 Folin-Ciocalteu법으로 분석한 총 폴리페놀 함량은 WGC (20.17%)>NGC (19.45%)>SGC (16.71%) 순으로 WGC의 총 폴리페놀 함량이 가장 높았다. 비발아 커피 뿐만 아니라 발아커피는 25~100 ug/ml 모든 농도에서 DPPH 제거능으로 평가된 실험에서 우수한 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. XOD 저해 효과 또한 400 ㎍/mL 농도에서 WGC 42%, NGC 39%, SGC 32%로 관찰되었다. 비발아 및 발아커피는 멜라닌 생합성의 주요 단계에 관여하는 효소인 tyrosinase 활성을 억제하였으며, α-MSH로 유도된 B16F10 세포에서 멜라닌 생성을 억제하였다. 이 결과는 대조약물 arbutin과 유사한 결과를 나타내었으며, NGC, SGC, WGC는 모두 미백효능이 있는 것으로 확인되었다. Oil red O 염색을 통해 NGC, SGC, WGC의 지방분화 억제효과를 측정한 결과 분화된 대조군 보다 로부스타 커피를 처리한 시료들의 지방구 양이 유의적으로 감소된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 연구결과 로부스타 커피의 향미를 개선하기 위해 물 또는 함초 추출물을 사용하여 침지 발아된 커피는 항산화, 미백, 항비만 등 다양한 기능성을 나타내는 것을 시사한다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

This study was conducted to evaluate various beneficial functions of soaked and germinated Robusta coffee beans. Vietnam Robusta coffee beans were soaked in purified water or Salicornia extract for 12 h. The total polyphenol content of non-germinated coffee (NGC), Salicornia extract-germinated coffee (SGC), and water-germinated coffee (WGC) was found to be 16.71-20.17%. First, NGC, SGC, and WGC at concentrations of 25-100 ㎍/mL showed significant anti-oxidant effects on DPPH radical scavenging and xanthine oxidase activity. NGC, SGC, and WGC also inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanin formation in α-MSH-induced B16F10 cells. In addition, the anti-obesity property of germinated coffees was tested by the Oil Red O staining method. NGC, SGC, and WGC inhibited adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells without cytotoxicity. Taken together, germinated Robusta coffees with enhanced flavor showed beneficial multifunctional effects, such as anti-oxidant, anti-melanogenesis, and anti-adipogenesis effects.

주제어

표/그림 (6)

그림 Fig. 1. Total polyphenol content of Robusta coffee extracts and the anti-oxidant activity. (A) Total polyphenol content of coffee extracts, NGC, SGC, and WGC was detected by using 2 M Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent in a 96-well ultraviolet plate. The absorbance was measured with a microplate reader at 760 nm. (B) Anti-oxidant activity of NGC, SGC, or WGC was tested using DPPH (0.2 mM in methanol) in a 96-well plate and vitamin C (10, 5 μg/mL) was used as a positive control drug. Absorbance was read with a microplate reader at 490 nm. Values are mean±SED. *p<0.05 and ***p<0.001 compared to the control group. NGC, non-germinated coffee; SGC, Salicornia extract germinated coffee; WGC, water germinated coffee.
그림 Fig. 2. Inhibitory effect of Robusta coffee extracts on xanthine oxidase activity. NGC, SGC, or WGC diluted with phosphate buffer (1 M, pH 7.4) was incubated with xanthine (2 mM) and xanthine oxidase enzyme (0.4 U) for 20 minutes. HCl (1 N) was added to stop the reaction. Absorbance was measured using a microplate reader at 295 nm. Allopurinol (100 μg/mL) was used as a positive control drug. Values are mean±SED. *p<0.05 and ***p<0.001 compared to the control group. NGC, non-germinated coffee; SGC, Salicornia extract germinated coffee; WGC, water germinated coffee.
그림 Fig. 3. Inhibitory effect of Robusta coffee extracts on mushroom tyrosinase activity. NGC, SGC, or WGC diluted in sodium phosphate buffer (67 mM, pH 6.8) was incubated with L-dopa (2 mM) and mushroom tyrosinase (70 U) in 96-well plates for 10 minutes. The absorbance was measured using a microplate reader at 490 nm. Arbutin and kojic acid were used as positive control drugs. Values are mean±SED. *p<0.05 and ***p<0.001 compared to the untreated group. NGC, non-germinated coffee; SGC, Salicornia extract germinated coffee; WGC, water germinated coffee.
그림 Fig. 4. Effect of Robusta coffee extracts on melanin contents in α-MSH-activated B16-F10 cells. (A) B16-F10 cells were pretreated with NGC, SGC, or WGC for 2 hours and then incubated with alpha-melanocyte-stimulating-hormone (α-MSH) (100 nM) for 72 hours. The cells were dissolved in NaOH (1 N) with 10% DMSO at 60ºC for 1 hour. Total melanin lysates were transferred to a 96-well plate and the absorbance was measured at 405 nm using a microplate reader. (B) Colors of the pellets indicate the change of melanogenesis from α-MSH-activated B16- F10 cells. Values are mean±SED. ***p<0.001 versus α-MSH stimulation. ⁺⁺⁺p<0.001 versus the untreated control. NGC, non-germinated coffee; SGC, Salicornia extract germinated coffee; WGC, pure water germinated coffee.
그림 Fig. 5. Effect of Robusta coffee extracts on cell viability of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. 3T3-L1 cells were treated with NGC, SGC, or WGC for 24 hours. Then cell viability was measured by MTS assay. Values are mean±SED. NGC, non-germinated coffee; SGC, Salicornia extract germinated coffee; WGC, water germinated coffee.
그림 Fig. 6. Effect of Robusta coffee extracts on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 3T3-L1 cells treated with NGC, SGC, or WGC (400 or 200 μg/mL) were differentiated for 8 days and then stained with Oil red O. The absorbance was measured at 405 nm using a microplate reader. Values are mean±SED. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001 versus the differentiating media (MDI). NGC, non-germinated coffee; SGC, Salicornia extract germinated coffee; WGC, water germinated coffee.

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