[논문]간정격과 사관혈 침 치료의 우울 행동 개선 효과 및 뇌신경 반응성 분석 연구

엄근향; 류재상; 박지연

doi:10.14406/acu.2021.023

간정격과 사관혈 침 치료의 우울 행동 개선 효과 및 뇌신경 반응성 분석 연구
Antidepressant Effect of Liver Tonification and Four Gate Acupuncture Treatments and Its Brain Neural Activity 원문보기

Korean journal of acupuncture, v.38 no.3, 2021년, pp.162 - 174

엄근향 (대전대학교 한의과대학) , 류재상 (대전대학교 한의과대학) , 박지연 (대전대학교 한의과대학)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Objectives : We aimed to identify the antidepressant effect of liver tonification acupuncture treatment (ACU (LT); KI10, LR8, LU8, LR4) and four gate acupuncture treatment (ACU (FG); LI4, LR3) and its brain neural activity in the normal and chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced mouse model. Methods : Firstly, normal mice were given ACU (LT) or ACU (FG) and the c-Fos expressions in each brain region were analyzed to examine brain neural activity. Secondly, CRS was administered to mice for 4 weeks, then ACU (LT) or ACU (FG) was performed for 2 weeks. The depression-like behavior was evaluated using open field test (OFT) before and after acupuncture treatment. Then, the c-Fos expressions in each brain region were analyzed to examine brain neural activity. Results : In normal mice, ACU (FG) regulated brain neural activities in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and periaqueductal gray. ACU (LT) changed more brain regions in the prefrontal cortex, insular cortex, striatum, and hippocampus, including those altered by ACU (FG). In CRS-induced model, ACU (LT) alleviated depression-like behavior more than ACU (FG). Also, brain neural activities in the motor cortex area 2 (M2), agranular ventral part and piriform of insular cortex (AIV and Pir), and cornu ammonis (CA) 1 and CA3 of hippocampus were changed by ACU (LT), and those of AIV and CA3 were also changed by ACU (FG). As in normal mice, ACU (LT) resulted in changes in more brain regions, including those altered by ACU (FG) in CRS model. M2, Pir, and CA1 were only changed by ACU (LT) in depression model, suggesting that these brain regions reflect the specific effect of ACU (LT). Conclusions : ACU (LT) relieved depression-like behavior more than ACU (FG), and this acupuncture effect was associated with modulation of brain neural activities in the motor cortex, insular cortex, and hippocampus.

주제어

표/그림 (8)

그림 Fig. 1. Experimental schedule and methods of this study. (A) Experimental schedule in normal and CRS mice. (B) Locations of liver tonification acupuncture treatment (ACU (LT); KI10, LR8, LU8, LR4) and four gate acupuncture treatment (ACU (FG); LI4, LR3). (C) Brain regions used to analyze brain neural activity with c-Fos expression. The detailed names of each brain region are shown in Table 1. CRS : chronic restraint stress, OFT : open field test.
표 Table 1. Observed brain regions in this study
그림 Fig. 2. The changes of c-Fos expression levels in each brain region after ACU (LT) and ACU (FG). (A, B) Mouse brains were extracted 90 min after acupuncture treatment, and the c-Fos positive cells were observed using immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls tests (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 vs. NOR; ^$p<0.05, ^$$p<0.01, ^$$$p<0.001 vs. ACU (FG), each n=4). Data are shown as means±SEM. Scar bar : 200 μm. Abbreviations of each brain region are shown in Table 1. ACU (FG) : four gate acupuncture treatment, ACU (LT) : liver tonification acupuncture treatment, NOR: normal.
그림 Fig. 3. Altered brain regions of c-Fos positive cells expression after ACU (LT) and ACU (FG). (A, B) The changed brain regions compared to the NOR were represented in descending order after ACU (LT) and ACU (FG). (C, D) After ACU (LT) and ACU (FG), the brain regions corresponding to both showing a statistically significant difference compared to the NOR and greater than 50% change compared to the NOR were analyzed. (E) The brain regions corresponding to showing a statistically significant difference and greater than 50% change compared to the NOR after ACU (LT) and ACU (FG). Abbreviations of each brain region are shown in Table 1. ACU (FG) : four gate acupuncture treatment, ACU (LT) : liver tonification acupuncture treatment, NOR : normal, ↑50% : more than 50% change.
그림 Fig. 4. Change of depression-like behavior after ACU (LT) and ACU (FG) in a 4-weeks CRS model. Depression-like behavior of mice was analyzed using open field test. After CRS, total traveled distance of all mice was decreased. After 2 weeks of acupuncture treatment, CRS+ACU (LT) significantly increased total traveled distance, but CRS+ACU (FG) did not. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired t-test (^#p<0.05 vs. CRS, each n=4). Data are shown as means±SEM. CRS : chronic restraint stress, CRS+ACU (FG) : CRS followed by four gate acupuncture treatment, CRS+ACU (LT) : CRS followed by liver tonification acupuncture treatment.
그림 Fig. 5. The number of c-Fos positive cells in each brain region after ACU (LT) and ACU (FG) in a 4-weeks CRS model. (A, B) The c-Fos positive cells in each brain region of CRS, CRS+ACU (LT), and CRS+ACU (FG) groups were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls tests (^#p<0.05, ^##p<0.01, ^###p<0.001 vs. CRS; ^$p<0.05, ^$$p<0.01, ^$$$p<0.001 vs. CRS+ACU (FG)). Data are shown as means±SEM. Scar bar : 200 μm. Abbreviations of each brain region are shown in Table 1. CRS : chronic restraint stress (n=3), CRS+ACU (FG) : CRS followed by four gate acupuncture treatment (n=4), CRS+ACU (LT) : CRS followed by liver tonification acupuncture treatment (n=4).
그림 Fig. 6. Altered brain regions of c-Fos positive cells expression after ACU (LT) and ACU (FG) in 4-weeks CRS model. (A, B) The changed brain regions compared to the CRS were represented in descending order after ACU (LT) and ACU (FG). (C, D) After ACU (LT) and ACU (FG), the brain regions corresponding to both showing a statistically significant difference compared to the CRS and greater than 50% change compared to the CRS were analyzed. (E) The brain regions corresponding to showing a statistically significant difference and greater than 50% change compared to the CRS after ACU (LT) and ACU (FG). Abbreviations of each brain region are shown in Table 1. ACU (FG) : four gate acupuncture treatment, ACU (LT) : liver tonification acupuncture treatment, CRS : chronic restraint stress, CRS+ACU (FG) : CRS followed by four gate acupuncture treatment, CRS+ACU (LT) : CRS followed by liver tonification acupuncture treatment, ↑50% : more than 50% change.
그림 Fig. 7. Schematic venn diagram of brain regions altered by ACU (LT) and ACU (FG) in normal and CRS mice. The brain regions corresponding to showing a statistically significant difference and greater than 50% change compared to the NOR or CRS after ACU (LT) and ACU (FG). Abbreviations of each brain region are shown in Table 1. ACU (FG) : four gate acupuncture treatment, ACU (LT) : liver tonification acupuncture treatment, CRS : chronic restraint stress, CRS+ACU (FG) : CRS followed by four gate acupuncture treatment, CRS+ACU (LT) : CRS followed by liver tonification acupuncture treatment, NOR : normal.

참고문헌 (55)

Reddy M. Depression: the disorder and the burden. Indian J Psychol Med. 2010 ; 32(1) : 1-2. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.70510

상세보기
Semenkovich K, Brown ME, Svrakic DM, Lustman PJ. Depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus: prevalence, impact, and treatment. Drugs. 2015 ; 75(6) : 577-87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-015-0347-4

상세보기
Blumenthal JA, Babyak MA, Doraiswamy PM, Watkins L, Hoffman BM, Barbour KA, et al. Exercise and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Psychosom Med. 2007 ; 69(7) : 587-96. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e318148c19a

상세보기
Bachmann S. Epidemiology of suicide and the psychiatric perspective. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 ; 15(7) : 1425. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071425

상세보기
Newman DWA. Dorland's pocket medical dictionary. 25th ed. Philadelphia : Saunders; 1995.
Yang L, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Liu L, Zhang X, Li B, et al. The effects of psychological stress on depression. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2015 ; 13(4) : 494-504. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159x1304150831150507

상세보기
Bennett M. The prefrontal-limbic network in depression: Modulation by hypothalamus, basal ganglia and midbrain. Prog Neurobiol. 2011 ; 93(4) : 468-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.01.006

상세보기
Pandya M, Altinay M, Malone DA, Anand A. Where in the brain is depression? Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2012 ; 14(6) : 634-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-012-0322-7

상세보기
Winokur A, Gary KA, Rodner S, Rae-Red C, Fernando AT, Szuba MP. Depression, sleep physiology, and antidepressant drugs. Depress Anxiety. 2001 ; 14(1) : 19-28. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.1043

상세보기
Liu Q, Li B, Zhu HY, Wang YQ, Yu J, Wu GC. Glia atrophy in the hippocampus of chronic unpredictable stress-induced depression model rats is reversed by electroacupuncture treatment. J Affect Disord. 2011 ; 128(3) : 309-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.07.007

상세보기
Wu J, Yeung AS, Schnyer R, Wang Y, Mischoulon D. Acupuncture for depression: a review of clinical applications. Can J Psychiatry. 2012 ; 57(7) : 397-405. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674371205700702

상세보기
Gualano M, Bert F, Martorana M, Voglino G, Andriolo V, Thomas R, et al. The long-term effects of bibliotherapy in depression treatment: Systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Clin Psychol Rev. 2017 ; 58 : 49-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.09.006

상세보기
David HB. Clinical handbook of psychological disorders: A step-by-step treatment manual. 4th ed. The Guilford Press. 2008 : 275-331.
de Mello MF, de Jesus Mari J, Bacaltchuk J, Verdeli H, Neugebauer R. A systematic review of research findings on the efficacy of interpersonal therapy for depressive disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosc. 2005 ; 255(2) : 75-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-004-0542-x

상세보기
Lee IS, Cheon S, Park JY. Central and Peripheral Mechanism of Acupuncture Analgesia on Visceral Pain: A Systematic Review. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 ; 2019 : 1304152. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1304152

상세보기
Park JY, Park JJ, Jeon S, Doo AR, Kim SN, Lee H, et al. From peripheral to central: the role of ERK signaling pathway in acupuncture analgesia. J Pain. 2014 ; 15(5) : 535-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2014.01.498

상세보기
Zhang R, Lao L, Ren K, Berman BM. Mechanisms of acupuncture-electroacupuncture on persistent pain. Anesthesiology. 2014 ; 120(2) : 482-503. https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000000101

상세보기
Goldman N, Chen M, Fujita T, Xu Q, Peng W, Liu W, et al. Adenosine A1 receptors mediate local anti-nociceptive effects of acupuncture. Nat Neurosci. 2010 ; 13(7) : 883-8. http://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2562

상세보기
Park JY, Choi H, Baek S, Jang J, Lee A, Jeon S, et al. p53 signalling mediates acupuncture-induced neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2015 ; 460(3) : 772-9. http://doi.org/S0006-291X(15)00571-9

상세보기
Park JY, Kim SN, Yoo J, Jang J, Lee A, Oh JY, et al. Novel Neuroprotective Effects of Melanin-Concentrating Hormone in Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol. 2017 ; 54(10) : 7706-21. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-016-0258-8

상세보기
Jung J, Lee SM, Lee MJ, Ryu JS, Song JH, Lee JE, et al. Lipidomics reveals that acupuncture modulates the lipid metabolism and inflammatory interaction in a mouse model of depression. Brain Behav Immun. 2021 ; 94 : 424-36. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2021.02.003

상세보기
Lee MJ, Ryu JS, Won SK, Namgung U, Jung J, Lee SM, et al. Effects of Acupuncture on Chronic Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behavior and Its Central Neural Mechanism. Front Psychol. 2019 ; 10 : 1353. http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01353

상세보기
Dong B, Chen Z, Yin X, Li D, Ma J, Yin P, et al. The Efficacy of Acupuncture for Treating Depression-Related Insomnia Compared with a Control Group: A Systematic Review and MetaAnalysis. BioMed Research International. 2017 ; 2017 : 9614810. http://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9614810

상세보기
Park H, Yoo D, Kwon S, Yoo TW, Park HJ, Hahm DH, et al. Acupuncture stimulation at HT7 alleviates depression-induced behavioral changes via regulation of the serotonin system in the prefrontal cortex of maternally-separated rat pups. J Physiol Sci. 2012 ; 62(4) : 351-7. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12576-012-0211-1

상세보기
Duan G, He Q, Pang Y, Chen W, Liao H, Liu H, et al. Altered amygdala resting-state functional connectivity following acupuncture stimulation at BaiHui (GV20) in first-episode drugNaive major depressive disorder. Brain Imaging Behav. 2020 ; 14(6) : 2269-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-019-00178-5

상세보기
Deng D, Liao H, Duan G, Liu Y, He Q, Liu H, et al. Modulation of the default mode network in first-episode, drug-naive major depressive disorder via acupuncture at Baihui (GV20) acupoint. Front Hum Neurosci. 2016 ; 10 : 230. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00230

상세보기
Quah-Smith I, Wen W, Chen X, Williams MA, Sachdev PS. The brain effects of laser acupuncture in depressed individuals: an fMRI investigation. Medical Acupuncture. 2012 ; 24(3) : 161-71. https://doi.org/10.1089/acu.2011.0870

상세보기
Lottering B, Lin YW. TRPV1 Responses in the Cerebellum Lobules VI, VII, VIII Using Electroacupuncture Treatment for Chronic Pain and Depression Comorbidity in a Murine Model. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 ; 22(9) : 5028. http://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22095028

상세보기
Seo SY, Moon JY, Kang SY, Kwon OS, Kwon S, Bang SK, et al. An estradiol-independent BDNF-NPY cascade is involved in the antidepressant effect of mechanical acupuncture instruments in ovariectomized rats. Sci Rep. 2018 ; 8(1) : 5849. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23824-2

상세보기
Kim H, Park HJ, Han SM, Hahm DH, Lee HJ, Kim KS, et al. The effects of acupuncture stimulation at PC6 (Neiguan) on chronic mild stress-induced biochemical and behavioral responses. Neurosci Lett. 2009 ; 460(1) : 56-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2009.05.008

상세보기
Duan Dm, Tu Y, Liu P, Jiao S. Antidepressant effect of electroacupuncture regulates signal targeting in the brain and increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Neural Regen Res. 2016 ; 11(10) : 1595-602. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.193238

상세보기
Zhang X, Song Y, Bao T, Yu M, Xu M, Guo Y, et al. Antidepressant-like effects of acupuncture involved the ERK signaling pathway in rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 ; 16(1) : 380. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1356-x

상세보기
Kou RZ, Chen H, Yu Ml, Xu TC, Fu SP, Lu SF. Acupuncture for behavioral changes of experimental depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2017 ; 7(1) : 9669. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09712-1

상세보기
Liu JH, Wu ZF, Sun J, Jiang L, Jiang S, Fu WB. Role of AC-cAMP-PKA cascade in antidepressant action of electroacupuncture treatment in rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012 ; 2012 : 932414. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/932414

상세보기
Paelecke-Habermann Y PJ, Leplow B. Attention and executive functions in remitted major depression patients. J Affect Disord. 2005 ; 89(1-3) : 125-35. http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2005.09.006

상세보기
Vythilingam M, Vermetten E, Anderson GM, Luckenbaugh D, Anderson ER, Snow J, et al. Hippocampal volume, memory, and cortisol status in major depressive disorder: effects of treatment. Biol Psychiatry. 2004 ; 56(2) : 101-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.04.002

상세보기
Belmaker R, Agam G. Major depressive disorder. N Engl J Med. 2008 ; 358(1) : 55-68. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra073096

상세보기
Massart R, Mongeau R, Lanfumey L. Beyond the monoaminergic hypothesis: neuroplasticity and epigenetic changes in a transgenic mouse model of depression. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2012 ; 367(1601) : 2485-94. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0212

상세보기
Wheeler AL, Teixeira CM, Wang AH, Xiong X, Kovacevic N, Lerch JP, et al. Identification of a functional connectome for long-term fear memory in mice. PLoS Comput Biol. 2013 ; 9(1) : e1002853. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002853

상세보기
Aggleton JP, Brown MW, Albasser MM. Contrasting brain activity patterns for item recognition memory and associative recognition memory: insights from immediate-early gene functional imaging. Neuropsychologia. 2012 ; 50(13) : 3141-55. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.05.018

상세보기
Park JY, Cho SJ, Lee SH, Ryu Y, Jang JH, Kim SN, et al. Peripheral ERK modulates acupuncture-induced brain neural activity and its functional connectivity. Sci Rep. 2021 ; 11(1) : 5128. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84273-y

상세보기
Gallo FT, Katche C, Morici JF, Medina JH, Weisstaub NV. Immediate early genes, memory and psychiatric disorders: focus on c-Fos, Egr1 and Arc. Front Behav Neurosci. 2018 ; 12 : 79. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00079

상세보기
Dragunow M, Faull R. The use of c-fos as a metabolic marker in neuronal pathway tracing. J Neurosci Methods. 1989 ; 29(3) : 261-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0270(89)90150-7

상세보기
Park JY, Lee SH, Kim SY, Park HJ. Literature Review and Network Analysis on the Pain Disease Approach of Saam Acupuncture Method. Korean J Acupunct. 2017 ; 34(2) : 88-99. https://doi.org/10.14406/acu.2017.011

원문보기 상세보기
Yoon MJ, Kim SY, Park JY. Recent Study Trends of the Liver-tonification and Liver-sedation of Saam Acupuncture. Korean J Acupunct. 2018 ; 35(1) : 1-17. https://doi.org/10.14406/acu.2018.004

원문보기 상세보기
Fan L, Fu WB, Xu NG, Liu JH, Ou A. Impacts of acupuncture and moxibustion on outcome indeices of depression patients' subjective reports. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2012 ; 32(5) : 385-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1003-5257(13)60039-2

상세보기
Shin KM, Park JE, Lee S, Choi SM, Ahn YC, Lee JW, et al. Effect of siguan acupuncture on gastrointestinal motility: a randomized, sham-controlled, crossover trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013 ; 2013 : 918392. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/918392

상세보기
Ferguson AV, Latchford KJ, Samson WK. The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus-a potential target for integrative treatment of autonomic dysfunction. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008 ; 12(6) : 717-27. https://doi.org/10.1517/14728222.12.6.717

상세보기
Fanselow MS, Dong HW. Are the dorsal and ventral hippocampus functionally distinct structures? Neuron. 2010 ; 65(1) : 7-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2009.11.031

상세보기
MacQueen GM, Campbell S, McEwen BS, Macdonald K, Amano S, Joffe RT, et al. Course of illness, hippocampal function, and hippocampal volume in major depression. Focus. 2005 ; 3(1) : 146-155. https://doi.org/10.1176/foc.3.1.146

상세보기
Cui S, Zhou Y, Wu S, Cao J, Zhu G, Zhou M. Electroacupuncture improved the function of myocardial ischemia involved in the hippocampus-paraventricular nucleus-sympathetic nerve pathway. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 ; 2018 : 2870676. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2870676

상세보기
de Freitas RL, de Oliveira RC, de Oliveira R, Paschoalin-Maurin T, de Aguiar Correa FM, Coimbra NC. The role of dorsomedial and ventrolateral columns of the periaqueductal gray matter and in situ 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C serotonergic receptors in post-ictal antinociception. Synapse. 2014 ; 68(1) : 16-30. https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.21697

상세보기
Teka WW, Hamade KC, Barnett WH, Kim T, Markin SN, Rybak IA, et al. From the motor cortex to the movement and back again. PLoS One. 2017 ; 12(6) : e0179288. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179288

상세보기
Nagai M, Kishi K, Kato S. Insular cortex and neuropsychiatric disorders: a review of recent literature. Eur Psychiatry. 2007 ; 22(6) : 387-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.02.006

상세보기
Vink M, Kahn RS, Raemaekers M, Van Den Heuvel M, Boersma M, Ramsey NF. Function of striatum beyond inhibition and execution of motor responses. Hum Brain Mapp. 2005 ; 25(3) : 336-44. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20111

상세보기

저자의 다른 논문 :

표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

연합인증