[논문]High-Temperature-Tolerant Fungus and Oomycetes in Korea, Including Saksenaea longicolla sp. nov.

Nam, Bora; Lee, Dong-Jae; Choi, Young-Joon

doi:10.1080/12298093.2021.1985698

High-Temperature-Tolerant Fungus and Oomycetes in Korea, Including Saksenaea longicolla sp. nov. 원문보기

Mycobiology, v.49 no.5, 2021년, pp.476 - 490

Nam, Bora (Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kunsan National University) , Lee, Dong-Jae (Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kunsan National University) , Choi, Young-Joon (Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kunsan National University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Global temperatures are steadily increasing, leading to significant changes in microbial diversity and ecology. In the present study, we isolated high-temperature-growing fungi and fungi-like group (Oomycota) strains from freshwater environments of Korea and identified them based on cultural, morphological, and multilocus phylogenetic analyses. As a result, we introduce Saksenaea (Fungi) isolates as a new species, Saksenaea longicolla sp. nov. and record Phytophthora chlamydospora and P. lagoariana (Oomycota) new to Korea. In the growth experiments, they exhibited high-temperature tolerance, which can grow at 35-40 ℃ but become inactive at 4 ℃ and below. This study confirms the presence of high-temperature-tolerant fungi and oomycetes in Korea and suggests that the Korean climate conditions are changing in favor of these species. This indicates that climate warming is altering microbial distributions in freshwater environments.

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표/그림 (8)

표 Table 1. Collection details and GenBank accession numbers for Saksenaea and Phytophthora isolates investigated in the present study.
그림 Figure 1. Cultural and morphological characteristics of Saksenaea longicolla sp. nov. NNIBRFG21789 (SAK-07) on PDA (A, B), V8A (C, D), CMA (E, F), MEA (G, H), and CZA (I, J) after 72 h at 25 ºC (A, C, E, G, I: observed view; B, D, F, H, J: reverse view). Microscopic structures: sporangiophore under a stereoscopic microscope (K, L) and under a light microscope (M, N), sporangiospores (O, P). Scale bar = 50 μm for K-N, 5 μm for O and P.
표 Table 2. Morphology and hyphal growth temperature of Saksenaea strain Sak-07 and their morphologically close species.
그림 Figure 2. Cultural and morphological characteristics of Phytophthora lagoariana NNIBRFG9322 (W655) (A-I), P. chlamydospora NNIBRFG9321 (W694) (J-R) on PDA (A, B, J, K), V8A (C, D, L, M), and CMA (E, F, N, O) after 72 h at 25 Cº (A, C, E, J, L, N: observed view; B, D, F, K, M, O: reverse view). Microscopic structures observed under a light microscope: hyphal swellings (G, H), and sporangium (I) of P. lagoariana; chlamydospores (P, Q), and sporangium (R) of P. chlamydospora. Scale bar = 13.4 μm for G and H, 27 μm for I, P-R.
그림 Figure 3. (A) Geographic distribution of Saksenaea species. Circle means the records of Saksenaea species or isolates from infected humans and animals. Triangle means the isolates from soil and freshwater, and black triangles mean the isolates with no sequence data in GenBank. (B) Multi-gene phylogenetic tree of Saksenaea species from the minimum evolution analysis of a concatenated alignment of three loci (TEF1α, ITS, LSU rDNA). Bootstrapping values (minimum evolution BP/maximum likelihood BP) higher than 70% were given above or below the branches (1,000 replicate). The strains isolated in Korea are shown in bold. Apophysomyces elegans was used as an outgroup. The scale bar equals the number of nucleotide substitutions per site.
그림 Figure 4. Phylogenetic tree of Phytophthora species from the minimum evolution analysis based on cytochrome oxidase subunit I mtDNA sequences. Bootstrapping values (minimum evolution BP/maximum likelihood BP) higher than 70% were given above or below the branches (1,000 replicate). The strains isolated in Korea are shown in bold. Pythium heterothallicum was used as an outgroup. The scale bar equals the number of nucleotide substitutions per site.
그림 Figure 5. Relative growth rates of Saksenaea longicolla sp. nov. NNIBRFG21789 (SAK-07) for seven days at 4, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 37, 40, 42, and 45 ºC on four media, V8A (A), PDA (B), MEA (C), and CZA (D).
그림 Figure 6. Relative growth rates of Phytophthora lagoariana W655 (A1-A4) and P. chlamydospora W694 (B1-B4) for seven days at 4, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 ºC on four media, V8A (A1, B1), PDA (A2, B2), MEA (A3, B3), and CZA (A4, B4).

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