Effects of dietary Acremonium terricola culture supplementation on the quality, conventional characteristics, and flavor substances of Hortobagy goose meat원문보기
Yawen, Guo
(College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University)
,
Jinyuan, Chen
(College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University)
,
Shuyu, Liu
(College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University)
,
Yali, Zhu
(College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University)
,
Pengfei, Gao
(College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University)
,
Kaizhou, Xie
(College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University)
This study aimed to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with Acremonium terricola culture (ATC) on the quality, conventional characteristics, and flavor substances of Hortobágy goose meat. A total of 720 one-day-old goslings were divided into four dietary treatments, each consisti...
This study aimed to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with Acremonium terricola culture (ATC) on the quality, conventional characteristics, and flavor substances of Hortobágy goose meat. A total of 720 one-day-old goslings were divided into four dietary treatments, each consisting of six cages of 30 goslings. The dietary conditions consisted of the control group and three treatment groups supplemented with 3, 5, or 7 g/kg ATC. In male geese, supplementation with 3 g/kg ATC elevated the crude ash (CA) content of the thigh muscle compared to the control group, and the CA content of the pectoralis major was significantly elevated when geese were supplemented with 5 g/kg ATC (p < 0.05). In females, compared with the control group, supplementation with 7 g/kg ATC enhanced the crude protein (CP) content of the pectoralis major. Supplementation with 7 g/kg ATC also increased the crude fat (CF) content of the pectoralis major in females as well as in both sexes; moreover, this supplementation dose increased the inosinic acid content of the thigh muscle in males and in both sexes. In contrast, supplementation with 5 g/kg ATC decreased the pH of the thigh muscle at 12 h postmortem (p 0.05). Levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) in the pectoralis major and levels of SFAs, monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs), and PUFAs in the thigh muscle were not affected by the supplementation. Overall, ATC supplementation had positive effects on the pH, and CA, CP, CF, inosinic acid contents as well as on the FA composition of gosling meat. The optimal level of ATC supplementation was 7 g/kg in goslings from 1 to 70 days of age.
This study aimed to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with Acremonium terricola culture (ATC) on the quality, conventional characteristics, and flavor substances of Hortobágy goose meat. A total of 720 one-day-old goslings were divided into four dietary treatments, each consisting of six cages of 30 goslings. The dietary conditions consisted of the control group and three treatment groups supplemented with 3, 5, or 7 g/kg ATC. In male geese, supplementation with 3 g/kg ATC elevated the crude ash (CA) content of the thigh muscle compared to the control group, and the CA content of the pectoralis major was significantly elevated when geese were supplemented with 5 g/kg ATC (p < 0.05). In females, compared with the control group, supplementation with 7 g/kg ATC enhanced the crude protein (CP) content of the pectoralis major. Supplementation with 7 g/kg ATC also increased the crude fat (CF) content of the pectoralis major in females as well as in both sexes; moreover, this supplementation dose increased the inosinic acid content of the thigh muscle in males and in both sexes. In contrast, supplementation with 5 g/kg ATC decreased the pH of the thigh muscle at 12 h postmortem (p 0.05). Levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) in the pectoralis major and levels of SFAs, monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs), and PUFAs in the thigh muscle were not affected by the supplementation. Overall, ATC supplementation had positive effects on the pH, and CA, CP, CF, inosinic acid contents as well as on the FA composition of gosling meat. The optimal level of ATC supplementation was 7 g/kg in goslings from 1 to 70 days of age.
All data analyses were performed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) performed in SPSS 25.0 statistical software (IBM-SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA). Each replicate pen served as an experimental unit for all statistical analyses.
성능/효과
05). Additionally, in females, increases in dietary ATC dose decreased the pH of the thigh muscle at 24 h postmortem in a linear (p = 0.001) manner.
05). Additionally, in males, increases in the dose of dietary ATC increased the inosinic acid content of the thigh muscle in a linear (p = 0.011) manner. In females, the inosinic acid content of the thigh muscle was significantly higher in the moderate-dose group than in the control group (p < 0.
As shown in Table 9, among the SFAs detected in the thigh muscle, only the percentage of heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) significantly differed among the groups. Additionally, in males, the percentage of heptadecanoic acid in the thigh muscle decreased in a linear (p = 0.027) manner as the dose of dietary ATC increased. In both sexes, the percentage of eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3 n-3) in the thigh muscle was significantly higher in the control group than in the 3 treatment groups (p < 0.
05). Additionally, the percentage of arachidonic acid in the pectoralis major decreased linearly (p = 0.001) in both sexes. In males, the percentage of MUFAs consisting of pentadecenoic acid (C15:1 n-5), C16:1 n-7, oleic acid (C18:1 n-9c), eicosanoic acid (C20:1 n-9), and neuronic acid (C24:1 n-9) in the pectoralis major was significantly higher in the low-dose group than in the control group and the moderate-dose group (p < 0.
All the experimental processes related to animal feeding and slaughter were carried out in strict accordance with the recommendations of the Guide for Ethical Review of Laboratory Animal Welfare issued by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Laboratory Animals and the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of Jiangsu Province. All efforts were made to minimize the suffering of the laboratory animals as recommended by directive no. 2010/63/EU and the ARRIVE guidelines 2.
Control, low dose, moderate dose and high dose represent Hortobágy geese supplemented with 0 g, 3 g, 5 g, and 7 g Acremonium terricola culture per kg of the basal diet, respectively.
Control, low dose, moderate dose and high dose represent Hortobágy geese supplemented with 0 g, 3 g, 5 g, and 7 g Acremonium terricola culture per kg of the basal diet, respectively.
Control, low dose, moderate dose and high dose represent Hortobágy geese supplemented with 0 g, 3 g, 5 g, and 7 g Acremonium terricola culture per kg of the basal diet, respectively.
Control, low dose, moderate dose and high dose represent Hortobágy geese supplemented with 0 g, 3 g, 5 g, and 7 g Acremonium terricola culture per kg of the basal diet, respectively.
Control, low dose, moderate dose and high dose represent Hortobágy geese supplemented with 0 g, 3 g, 5 g, and 7 g Acremonium terricola culture per kg of the basal diet, respectively.
Control, low dose, moderate dose and high dose represent Hortobágy geese supplemented with 0 g, 3 g, 5 g, and 7 g Acremonium terricola culture per kg of the basal diet, respectively.
Control, low dose, moderate dose and high dose represent Hortobágy geese supplemented with 0 g, 3 g, 5 g, and 7 g Acremonium terricola culture per kg of the basal diet, respectively.
Control, low dose, moderate dose and high dose represent Hortobágy geese supplemented with 0 g, 3 g, 5 g, and 7 g Acremonium terricola culture per kg of the basal diet, respectively.
005) manner with increasing doses of dietary ATC. However, there were no significant differences in the inosinic acid content of the pectoralis major in males or females.
05). In both sexes, increased doses of dietary ATC decreased the percentage of eicosatrienoic acid in the thigh muscle in a linear manner (p = 0.005).
In both sexes, increased doses of dietary ATC increased the percentage of α-linolenic acid in the pectoralis major in a linear (p = 0.023) and quadratic (p = 0.001) manner; the maximum increase in the percentage of α-linolenic acid in the pectoralis major occurred in the high-dose group
In both sexes, the inosinic acid content of the pectoralis major and thigh muscle were significantly higher in the moderate-dose group than in the control group (p < 0.05)
In both sexes, the pH of the pectoralis major at 12 h postmortem decreased in a linear (p < 0.001) and quadratic (p = 0.002) manner as the dose of dietary ATC increased
008) manner as levels of dietary ATC supplementation increased. In both sexes, the pH of the pectoralis major at 12 h postmortem exhibited a quadratic increase (p = 0.009). In contrast, the pH of the thigh muscle at 12 h postmortem in the control group was significantly higher than that of the moderate-dose group when comparing among males, females, and both sexes (p < 0.
In both sexes, the pectoralis major had a lower percentage of arachidonic acid (C20:3 n-3) in the low-dose group than the control group (p < 0.05)
In both sexes, the percentage of eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3 n-3) in the thigh muscle was significantly higher in the control group than in the 3 treatment groups (p < 0.05)
In contrast, in females, the CP content of the thigh muscle was significantly lower in the high-dose group than in the control group (p < 0.05)
In contrast, the pH of the thigh muscle at 12 h postmortem in the control group was significantly higher than that of the moderate-dose group when comparing among males, females, and both sexes (p < 0.05); in both sexes, the pH of the thigh muscle at 0 h postmortem in the control group was significantly higher than that in the moderate-dose and high-dose groups (p < 0.05)
In contrast, the percentage of MUFAs did not significantly differ among groups in females and in both sexes (p > 0.05)
In female geese, the CP content of the pectoralis major in the high-dose group was 22.4%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05)
In females and both sexes, the high-dose group had a higher percentage of α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3) in the pectoralis major than the control group and the low-dose group (p < 0.05)
05). In females and both sexes, the pH of the pectoralis major at 12 h postmortem in the moderate-dose group was significantly higher than that of the control group. In females, the pH of the pectoralis major at 12 h postmortem increased in a linear (p = 0.
In females, however, the percentage of palmitoleic acid in the pectoralis major did not differ among the groups (p > 0.05)
In females, the inosinic acid content of the thigh muscle was significantly higher in the moderate-dose group than in the control group (p < 0.05)
001). In females, the pH of the thigh muscle at 12 h postmortem decreased in a linear manner (p = 0.002) as the dose of dietary ATC increased. In both sexes, the pH of the pectoralis major at 12 h postmortem decreased in a linear (p < 0.
In females, the pH of the thigh muscle at 24 h postmortem was significantly higher in the control group than in the low-dose and moderate-dose groups (p < 0.05)
In male geese, the CA content of the pectoralis major in the control group was significantly lower than that in the moderate-dose group (p < 0.05)
In males, females, and both sexes, increased doses of dietary ATC increased the percentage of palmitoleic acid in the pectoralis major in a linear manner (p < 0.05)
In males, increasing doses of dietary ATC decreased the pH of the thigh muscle at 12 h postmortem in a quadratic manner (p < 0.001)
05). In males, the high-dose group had the lowest CF content of the thigh muscle, and this difference was significant. There was a quadratic increase in the CF content of the pectoralis major in females (p = 0.
In males, the inosinic acid content of the thigh muscle was significantly higher in the high-dose group than in the control group (p < 0.05)
In males, the percentage of MUFAs consisting of pentadecenoic acid (C15:1 n-5), C16:1 n-7, oleic acid (C18:1 n-9c), eicosanoic acid (C20:1 n-9), and neuronic acid (C24:1 n-9) in the pectoralis major was significantly higher in the low-dose group than in the control group and the moderate-dose group (p < 0.05)
In summary, the main active components of ATC are nucleosides (adenosine), nucleoside analogs (cordycepin), and sterols (ergosterol); thus, the use of ATC as a feed supplement for Hortobágy geese is novel, advantageous, and generalizable
In summary, the results of the present study revealed that the meat color, water loss rate, shear force, moisture content, and AA levels of goose meat were not affected by dietary ATC. Dietary supplementation with ATC improved meat quality by altering the pH, CA, CP, CF, and inosinic acid contents as well as the FA composition of young Hortobágy geese.
The pectoralis majors and thigh muscles from the left side were excised and split into two pieces. One piece was chilled for 24 h at 4℃, and the pH, meat color, water loss rate, shear force and moisture content were measured. The other piece was stored in liquid nitrogen for further measurements of conventional characteristics and flavor substances.
Our study did not detect any significant differences in AAs, nonessential AAs (NEAAs), essential AAs (EAAs), flavoring AAs (FAAs), or total AAs (TAAs) of the pectoralis major and thigh muscle in males, females, or both sexes (p > 0.05)
Similarly, in females and in both sexes, the CP content of the thigh muscle was significantly lower in the high-dose group than in the control group (p < 0.05)
05). The CA content of the thigh muscle in males increased linearly (p = 0.005) and quadratically (p = 0.036) as the dietary ATC dose increased. In female geese, the CP content of the pectoralis major in the high-dose group was 22.
05) (Table 4). The CA, CP, and CF contents were comparable among the treatment groups. In male geese, the CA content of the pectoralis major in the control group was significantly lower than that in the moderate-dose group (p < 0.
The CP content (%, nitrogen content × 6.25) was measured following the Kjeldahl method with an automatic Kjeldahl meter (Kjeltec 8400, FOSS NIRSystems, Hillerød, Denmark).
The EAA/TAA, FAA/TAA, and EAA/NEAA ratios did not significantly differ (p > 0.05)
The average n values for ♂ (males), ♀ (females), and ♂ + ♀ (both sexes) were 12, 12, and 24, respectively.
The average n values for ♂ (males), ♀ (females), and ♂ + ♀ (both sexes) were 12, 12, and 24, respectively.
The average n values for ♂ (males), ♀ (females), and ♂ + ♀ (both sexes) were 12, 12, and 24, respectively.
The average n values for ♂ (males), ♀ (females), and ♂ + ♀ (both sexes) were 12, 12, and 24, respectively.
The average n values for ♂ (males), ♀ (females), and ♂ + ♀ (both sexes) were 12, 12, and 24, respectively.
The average n values for ♂ (males), ♀ (females), and ♂ + ♀ (both sexes) were 12, 12, and 24, respectively.
The average n values for ♂ (males), ♀ (females), and ♂ + ♀ (both sexes) were 12, 12, and 24, respectively.
The average n values for ♂ (males), ♀ (females), and ♂ + ♀ (both sexes) were 12, 12, and 24, respectively.
05). The inosinic acid content of the thigh muscle in both sexes increased in a linear (p = 0.009) and quadratic (p = 0.005) manner with increasing doses of dietary ATC. However, there were no significant differences in the inosinic acid content of the pectoralis major in males or females.
The meat color, water loss rate and shear force of Hortobágy geese from the 4 treatment groups did not differ significantly among males, females, or both sexes (p > 0.05)
The percentage of palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7) in the pectoralis major in males and in both sexes was higher in the low-dose group and the moderate-dose group than in the control group (p < 0.05)
The sampling and the measurement environments were kept as consistent as possible.
The statistical significance of the differences between treatment groups was measured using Duncan’s multiple range test, polynomial contrasts were used to test the linear and quadratic effects of ATC supplementation, and p values less than or equal to 0.05 were considered statistically significant
In males, the high-dose group had the lowest CF content of the thigh muscle, and this difference was significant. There was a quadratic increase in the CF content of the pectoralis major in females (p = 0.01) and in both sexes (p = 0.031).
05). There was a quadratic increase in the inosinic acid content of the pectoralis major in both sexes (p = 0.013). In males, the inosinic acid content of the thigh muscle was significantly higher in the high-dose group than in the control group (p < 0.
There was no significant difference in the moisture content among the 4 treatment groups (p > 0.05) (Table 4)
To measure the CA content, a crucible was heated in a muffle furnace (M110, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) at 550 ± 25℃ for 30 min; the difference in weight before and after heating did not exceed 0.5 mg
후속연구
Dietary supplementation with ATC improved meat quality by altering the pH, CA, CP, CF, and inosinic acid contents as well as the FA composition of young Hortobágy geese. Moreover, it may be concluded that this study provides a practical reference for providing green additives under intensive feeding conditions to high-quality geese.
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary ATC supplementation in Hortobágy geese, as assessed by meat quality, conventional characteristics, and flavor substances.
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