[논문]리튬금속전극의 덴드라이트 성장 억제 방안의 연구 동향

김예랑; 박지혜; 황유진; 정철수

doi:10.5229/jkes.2022.25.2.51

리튬금속전극의 덴드라이트 성장 억제 방안의 연구 동향
Review on Effective Skills to Inhibit Dendrite Growth for Stable Lithium Metal Electrode 원문보기

전기화학회지 = Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society, v.25 no.2, 2022년, pp.51 - 68

김예랑 (서울시립대학교 화학공학과) , 박지혜 (서울시립대학교 화학공학과) , 황유진 (서울시립대학교 화학공학과) , 정철수 (서울시립대학교 화학공학과)

초록
AI-Helper

리튬금속전지는 높은 에너지 밀도를 구현시킬 수 있음에도 불구하고, 단락, 낮은 쿨롱 효율, 용량 손실, 사이클 성능 감소 등의 문제를 초래하는 덴드라이트 성장을 억제시키는 기술은 아직 학술연구 단계에 머물러 있다. 본 논문에서는 최근까지 발표된 리튬금속전극에서 덴드라이트 성장을 억제시킬 수 있는 방법을 4가지로 분류하여 분석해보았다. 즉, 리튬금속전극의 부피 팽창에 대응할 수 있는 유연한 SEI (solid electrolyte interface) 층, 덴드라이트 성장을 물리적으로 억제시킬 수 있는 SEI 지지층, 균일한 리튬 확산을 유도하여 리튬 성장을 조절하는 SHES (self-healing electrostatic shield) 메커니즘, 그리고 리튬의 균일한 전착을 유도하는 마이크로패터닝 등에 대해 연구된 사례들의 장단점을 분석하여, 리튬금속전극의 실용화 연구에 도움을 주고자 한다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Although lithium metal batteries have a high energy density, experimental skills capable of solving lots of problems induced by dendrite such as short circuit, low coulomb efficiency, capacity loss, and cycle performance are still only in academic research stage. In this paper, research cases for dendrite growth inhibition on lithium metal electrode were classified into four types: flexible SEI (solid electrolyte interface) layer responding to volume expansion of lithium metal electrode, SEI supporting layer to inhibit dendrite growth physically, SHES (self-healing electrostatic shield) mechanism to adjust lithium growth by leading uniform diffusion of Li+ ions, and finally micro-patterning to induce uniform deposition of lithium. We hope to advance the practical use of lithium metal electrode by analyzing pros and cons of this classification.

주제어

표/그림 (20)

표 Table 1. Technologies to inhibit dendrite formation on lithium metal electrode
그림 Fig. 1. Li dendrite nucleation and growth mechanisms at Li metal electrode during cycles: (a) stable passivation layer blocking electron tunneling and (b) unstable passivation layer with electron tunneling.36)
그림 Fig. 2. (a) The design of the flexible SEI. (b) Chemical structure of LiPAA SEI. (c) The stress-strain curve of LiPAA gel polymer. (d)~(f) The Li dendrites growth process of pristine Li. (g)~(i) The flexible SEI decreasing the Li dendrite growth through self-adapting interface regulation.¹⁰⁾
그림 Fig. 3. Schematic illustrations of Li dendrite growth at (a) pristine LLZTO/Li interface, (b) LLZTO@Au/Li interface, and (c) LLZTO@EBS/Li interface.¹¹⁾
그림 Fig. 4. (a) Li Plating on Cu in a carbonate electrolyte result in dendrite growth, (b) LMC coating on Cu partially dissolves in the carbonate electrolyte and reduces but does not eliminate dendrite formation, and (c) in LMC saturated carbonate electrolyte, dissolution of the LMC coating on Cu is suppressed which minimizes dendrite formation.¹³⁾ Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society
그림 Fig. 5. (a) Pictorial representation of proposed mechanism: Lithium diffusion near the surface of electrodes represented by blue arrows. LiF rich SEI is shown in red, while usual SEI is indicated by green color. Due to lower lateral diffusion barrier on LiF crystals, the Li⁺ ions form smooth electrodeposits, while in usual SEI needle-like lithium plating is expected. (b) Nyquist plots obtained from impedance spectrocopy for symmetric cells having neat electrolyte (shown in red) and modified electrolyte with LiF additive (shown in black). The blue arrow shows the direction of increasing time from 6 to 96 h.⁵²⁾
그림 Fig. 6. (a) Schematic of the fabrication procedure of TPL Li and (b, c) The role of bare Li and TPL Li on the electrochemical reactions during plating.¹⁵⁾
그림 Fig. 7. Schematic illustration of (a) fabrication process of Li₂S@Li anode and (b) comparison of deposition structure on lithium metal anode depending on SEI with different Li⁺ conductivity.¹⁶⁾
그림 Fig. 8. Schematic image of the morphology changes of Li metal anode during cycling. (a) Typical SEI and Li dendrite formation process. Uneven SEI will form during Li⁺ deposition, which causes uneven Li⁺ ions flux and serves dendrite growth and (b) Fabrication of organic/inorganic hybrid layer and uniform Li plating on Li metal anode. A uniform LiClcontaining organic-inorganic hybrid layer fabricated by a simple in situ method suppresses Li dendrite effectively.¹⁸⁾ Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society
그림 Fig. 9. Mechanism of self-formation of hybrid SEI layer. (a) Aromatic-based organic components and inorganic components generated from PSD after reacting with Li metal in the electrolyte. (b) Self-formation of the stable hybrid SEI layer composed of Li organosulfides/ organopolysulfides-Li₂S/Li₂S₂ using the PSD as an electrolyte additive (Reprinted with permission from.²⁰⁾ Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society
그림 Fig. 10. Fabrication schematic of Cu₃N + SBR (styrene butadiene rubber) composite SEI layer.²²⁾
그림 Fig. 12. Schematic illustration of PDMS (poly (dimethylsiloxane) / GO (graphene oxide) based Li metal electrodes prepared with various etching time (a) PDMS/GO/Li metal electrode with insufficient ion channel (etching time 10 min).²⁴⁾
그림 Fig. 11. (a) Chemical structures of amine terminated telechelic PDMS (poly (dimethylsiloxane) and GO (graphene oxide). Each material's active sites are capable of reacting with complementary functional groups (colored) on the other component and (b) The anticipated reaction mechanism that produces elastomers as SEI support layer.⁶⁶⁾
그림 Fig. 13. (a) Schematic of the CPL fabrication process, SEM images of the surface of (b) the Li metal without CPL coating and (c) the CPL-coated Li electrode, and the (d) cross-sectional FE-SEM images of the Li metal electrode after the CPL coating.25)
그림 Fig. 14. Schematic illustration of Li deposition process based on SHES (self-healing electrostatic shield) mechanism: (a) Li⁺ and Cs⁺ are adsorbed on Li metal electrode surface, (b) low concentration of Cs⁺ are not reduced, but Li+ are reduced first to form lithium tip, (c)~(d) Cs+ adhere to lithium tip and form electrostatic shield, (e) Li are deposited on flat part of electrode by electrostatic shield of (+) charge, and (f) finally Li are deposited uniformly by SHES mechanism.²⁸⁾ Copyright 2013, American Chemical Society
그림 Fig. 15. Diagram of reduction potential de-pending on concentration of additives for SHES (self-healing electrostatic shielding).
그림 Fig. 16. Schematic diagrams showing the Li plating process in the electrolyte with AlCl₃.³¹⁾
그림 Fig. 17. Current density profile of Li metal according to height (h), width (w), and ridge length (L_R) under charging condition of 3.95 V.³²⁾
그림 Fig. 18. Proposed mechanism for guided Li depositions for (a) 6MP and (b) 40MP Li electrodes.³³⁾
그림 Fig. 19. Surface SEM images of the (a)~(c) control electrode, (d)~(f) 6MP-Li electrode, and (g)~(i) 40MP-Li electrode after Li deposition with a capacity of (a), (d), (g) 0.1, (b), (e), (h) 0.3, and (c), (f), (i) 0.5 mAhcm^-2, respectively (current density: 0.1 mAcm^-2).³³⁾

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표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

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