[논문]개발도상국의 교통수단이 대기 질 및 탄소배출에 미치는 영향: 미얀마를 중심으로

웃위린; 윤병조

doi:10.15683/kosdi.2023.3.31.231

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze air quality and carbon emissions in developing countries, particularly Myanmar, and explore the impact of transportation on CO2 emissions during peak hours relative to free-flow conditions. Method: This study conducted a traffic survey in two major ci...

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze air quality and carbon emissions in developing countries, particularly Myanmar, and explore the impact of transportation on CO2 emissions during peak hours relative to free-flow conditions. Method: This study conducted a traffic survey in two major cities in Myanmar to quantify carbon dioxide emissions from the transportation sector, using IPCC's tier 1 and tier 2 approaches, with statistical analysis performed using Python 3 and Microsoft Excel for comparative analysis of critical factors in CO2 emissions. Result: The result of this study is an estimate of the vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) and fuel consumption in Yangon city for the year 2019, based on data from various sources including the Myanmar Statistical data base, YUTRA project survey, and Ministry of Electric and Energy. The study also analyzes the average travel time index (TTI) for the four roads in Yangon, which indicates the impact of congestion on vehicle travel time and CO2 emissions. Overall, the study provides important insights into the transport sector in Yangon city and can be used to inform policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving traffic conditions. Conclusion: The study concludes that congestion plays a significant role in increasing fuel use and emission levels in the road transport sector in Myanmar. The analysis provides valuable insights into the impact of the sector on the environment and emphasizes the importance of addressing congestion to reduce fuel use and emissions. However, the study's scope is limited to Yangon city and Mandalay city, and some mean values may not accurately represent the entire country and other developing countries.

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표/그림 (14)

표 Table 1. Origin and destination points chosen for traffic survey trips in Yangon
그림 Fig. 1. Pyay road in Yangon
그림 Fig. 2. The 26^th road in Mandalay
그림 Fig. 3. Vehicle in Yangon from 2010-2019
표 Table 2. Average trip length of vehicle in 2010
표 Table 3. Vehicle kilometre travelled data of each category of vehicle for the year 2015 in Yangon
표 Table 4. Fuel consumption based emission factors for each type of fuel at Yangon Region,2019
표 Table 5. Emission factor for each mode of transportation
표 Table 6. Mean annual emissions of Carbon dioxide by mode
표 Table 7. Travel time in peak and off peak hour and corresponding travel time index first road
표 Table 8. Travel time in peak and off peak hour and corresponding travel time index in second road
표 Table 9. Travel time in peak and off peak hour and corresponding travel time index in third road
표 Table 10. Travel time in peak and off peak hour and corresponding travel time index in last road
표 Table 11. Traffic volume of survey on 26th road mandalay

AI 본문요약
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문제 정의

Despite this, public transportation is not popular in many developing countries, leading to traffic congestion and further exacerbating air pollution. This study aims to analyze the air quality and carbon emissions in developing countries, with a particular focus on Myanmar. As a country with a moderate Human Development Index, Myanmar presents a unique case for examining the impact of transportation on air quality.

제안 방법

This study investigates the levels of carbon emissions from both the private and public sectors in Myanmar, and also analyze the effect of traffic congestion on CO2 emissions during peak hours compared to free flow conditions. The findings of this study will contribute to the understanding of the relationship between transportation and air quality in developing countries and can be used by policymakers to reduce carbon emissions and improving air quality.
This study investigates the levels of carbon emissions from both the private and public sectors in Myanmar, and also analyze the effect of traffic congestion on CO2 emissions during peak hours compared to free flow conditions. The findings of this study will contribute to the understanding of the relationship between transportation and air quality in developing countries and can be used by policymakers to reduce carbon emissions and improving air quality.
The study examines the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from the road transport sector in Myanmar. The study also highlights the significant role played by congestion in increasing fuel use and emission levels.

대상 데이터

This parameter depends on the time required for a vehicle to cross a given section of road during peak traffic hours. In this study, the most useful and main road in Yangon, it is Pyay road, as well as along the 26th Road in Mandalay are selected as case study. Pyay road is a major thoroughfare of Yangon.

성능/효과

(2021) analyzed the relationship between car ownership and air pollution in Ghana, a developing country in West Africa. The study found that the increase in the number of cars on the road significantly contributed to air pollution in Ghana. Similarly, another study by Saqib et al.
(2021) explored the use of motorcycles in Pakistan, a developing country in South Asia, and its impact on traffic congestion and air pollution. The study found that the increase in the number of motorcycles on the roads significantly contributed to traffic congestion and air pollution in Pakistan. In terms of public transportation, a study by Chaurey et al.
(2019) analyzed the use of bus rapid transit (BRT) systems in China, a developing country in East Asia, and their impact on reduction of traffic congestion and air pollution. The study found that the implementation of BRT systems significantly reduced traffic congestion and air pollution in Chinese cities. However, despite the availability of public transportation options, people in developing countries tend to avoid them due to various reasons such as inconvenience, unreliability, and safety concerns.
The aim of this study at quantifying greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide from the transport sector in two major cities of Myanmar. Other GHGs such as methane and nitrous oxide have not been considered in this study, as their contribution has been observed to be less than 2% of global GHG emission from the road from the road and transport sector. IPCC suggests two standard approaches for calculate of CO2 emission from transportation .

참고문헌 (16)

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Bharadwaj, S., Ballare, S., Rohit, Chandel, M.K. (2017). "Impact of congestion on greenhouse gas emissions for road transport in Mumbai metropolitan region." Transportation Research Procedia 2017, Vol. 25, pp. 3538-3551.

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Chaurey, A., Raturi, A. (2018). "Electric buses in India: A clean and smart transportation option." Energy Research？and Social Science, Vol. 40, pp. 30-36.
Defra, D.E.C.C. (2010). Guidelines to Defra/DECC's GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting: Methodology Paper for Emission Factors. Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, UK Government
Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). (2018). The Updated Strategic Urban Development Plan of the？Greater Yangon. Final Report I , The Government of The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Yangon City？Development Committee (YCDC).
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Kementerian Pengangkutan Malaysia (2019). Dasar Pengangkutan Negara 2019-2020.
Nsowah-Nuamah, N.N., Amegah, A.K., Agyei-Mensah, S. (2021). "Car ownership and air pollution in Ghana: A？cross-sectional study." Environmental Pollution, Vol. 278, 116835.
Saqib, S., Afzal, M., Mushtaq, A. (2021). "Impact of motorcycle use on traffic congestion and air pollution in？Lahore, Pakistan." Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 291, 125855.
Wei, P., Pan, H. (2017). "Research on individual carbon dioxide emissions of commuting in peri urban area of？metropolitan cities - an empirical study in Shanghai." Transportation Research Procedia, Vol. 25, pp. 3463-3482.
World Bank Group (2018) Myanmar Statistical Year Book, Myanmar Living Conditions Survey 2017 The？Government of The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Planning and Finance.
World Bank Group (2019). Urban Transport in Yangon and Mandalay. Review of Sector Institutions, Expenditure？and Funding, The Government of The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Transport and Communications.
Yaacob, N.F.F., Mat Yazid, M.R., Abdul Maulud, K.N., Ahmad Basri, N.E. (2020). "A review of the measurement？method, analysis and implementation policy of carbon dioxide emission from transportation." Sustainability, Vol.？12, No. 14, 5873. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145873.

상세보기
Yang, Y., Zhang, W., Fang, Z. (2019). "Evaluating the impact of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) on air quality in Chinese？cities." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Vol. 72, pp. 293-303.
Zhang, X., Liu, P., Li, Z., Yu, H. (2013). "Modeling the effects of low-carbon emission constraints on mode and？route choices." Transportation Networks Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 96, pp. 329-338.

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[국내논문] 개발도상국의 교통수단이 대기 질 및 탄소배출에 미치는 영향: 미얀마를 중심으로
Impact of Transportation on Air Quality and Carbon Emissions in Developing Countries: A Case of Myanmar 원문보기

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[국내논문] 개발도상국의 교통수단이 대기 질 및 탄소배출에 미치는 영향: 미얀마를 중심으로 Impact of Transportation on Air Quality and Carbon Emissions in Developing Countries: A Case of Myanmar 원문보기

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