[논문]미래모빌리티를 위한 차세대 경량구조복합재료 검토: 자기강화복합재료의 적용 가능성

김미나; 장지운; 이혜성; 오명준; 김성륜

doi:10.7234/composres.2023.36.1.001

미래모빌리티를 위한 차세대 경량구조복합재료 검토: 자기강화복합재료의 적용 가능성
Next Generation Lightweight Structural Composite Materials for Future Mobility Review: Applicability of Self-Reinforced Composites 원문보기

Composites research = 복합재료, v.36 no.1, 2023년, pp.1 - 15

김미나 (Department of Carbon Composites Convergence Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University) , 장지운 (Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University) , 이혜성 (Department of Organic Materials and Textile Engineering, Jeonbuk National University) , 오명준 (Department of Carbon Composites Convergence Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University) , 김성륜 (Department of Organic Materials and Textile Engineering, Jeonbuk National University)

초록
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미래모빌리티의 발전 기대에 따라 에너지 소비 절감에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있다. 경량구조용소재는 온실가스 배출 감소 및 에너지 효율 향상을 위한 방안으로 알려져 있다. 특히, 섬유강화복합재료(FRP, fiber reinforced polymer composite)는 뛰어난 기계적 특성 및 낮은 무게로 인해 기존 합금을 대체할 수 있는 소재로 주목받는다. 본 논문에서는, 탄소섬유강화복합재료(CFRP, carbon FRP) 및 자기강화복합재료(SRC, self-reinforced composite)의 산업 적용 및 연구 동향을 강화재, 고분자 매트릭스 및 공정에 기반하여 검토하였다. 항공분야에서 주로 활용되는 에폭시 수지 기반 오토클레이브 공법의 높은 공정단가 및 긴 제조시간을 극복하기 위하여, 속경화성 에폭시 수지를 이용한 고압수지이송성형 공정으로 CFRP가 적용된 전기자동차의 양산을 보고하였다. 또한, 탄소섬유복합재료의 재활용 이슈를 해결하기 위한 열가소성 수지 기반 CFRP 및 계면 향상 방안들이 재료 및 공정 측면에서 검토되었다. FRP의 우수한 기계적 특성을 유도하는 주요한 요인으로 알려진 완벽한 매트릭스-강화재 계면을 형성하기 위하여, 고분자 섬유에 동일한 매트릭스를 함침시킨 SRC에 대한 연구들이 보고되고 있다. 다양한 열가소성 고분자에 기초한 SRC의 물리적 및 기계적 특성들을 고분자 배향 및 복합재료 구조 측면에서 검토하였다. 또한, 고연 신 폴리프로필렌 섬유 기반 SRC의 공정창 확장을 위한 공중합체 매트릭스 전략이 논의되었다. 경량구조용소재의 CFRP 및 SRC 적용은 미래모빌리티의 에너지 효율 향상에 대한 잠재적인 선택을 제공할 수 있다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Demand for energy consumption reduction is increasing according to the development expectations of future mobility. Lightweight structural materials are known as a method to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve energy efficiency. In particular, fiber reinforced polymer composite (FRP) is attracting attention as a material that can replace existing metal alloys due to its excellent mechanical properties and light weight. In this paper, industrial applications and research trends of carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRP, carbon FRP) and self-reinforced composites (SRC) were reviewed based on the reinforcement, polymer matrix, and manufacturing process. In order to overcome the expensive process cost and long manufacturing time of the epoxy resin-based autoclave method, which is mainly used in the aircraft field, mass production of CFRP-applied electric vehicles has been reported using a high-pressure resin transfer molding process including fast-curing epoxy. In addition, thermoplastic resin-based CFRP and interface enhancement methods to solve the recycling issue of carbon fiber composites were reviewed in terms of materials and processes. To form a perfect matrix-reinforcement interface, which is known as the major factor inducing the excellent mechanical properties of FRP, studies on SRC impregnated with the same matrix in polymer fibers have been reported. The physical and mechanical properties of SRC based on various thermoplastic polymers were reviewed in terms of polymer orientation and composite structure. In addition, a copolymer matrix strategy for extending the processing window of highly drawn polypropylene fiber-based SRC was discussed. The application of CFRP and SRC as lightweight structural materials can provide potential options for improving the energy efficiency of future mobility.

주제어

표/그림 (17)

그림 Fig. 1. Various materials used in Boeing 787 Dreamliner. Reprinted with permission [7] Copyright 2022, MDPI Ltd.
그림 Fig. 2. Boeing 787 Dreamliner manufactured using CFRP. Reprinted with permission [8] Copyright 2022, ELSEVIER Ltd.
그림 Fig. 3. CFRP used in life module of BMW i3. Reprinted with per-mission [21] Copyright 2013, ELSEVIER Ltd.
그림 Fig. 4. Lightweight BMW i3 body. Reprinted with permission [18] Copyright, BMW
그림 Fig. 5. Schematic of HP-RTM process. Reprinted with permission [24] Copyright 2019, MDPI Ltd.
그림 Fig. 6. HP-RTM Process Technology. Reprinted with permission Copyright, Dieffenbacher
그림 Fig. 7. Carbon fiber sizing and CF/PEEK composite material manufacturing process. Reprinted with permission [35] Copyright 2020, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
그림 Fig. 8. Schematic of the proposed process for fabricating rap-idly-producible, repairable, and recyclable CFRP compos-ites. Reprinted with permission [36] Copyright 2018,Springer Ltd.
그림 Fig. 9. Fibre embedding system. Reprinted with permission [45] Copyright 1975, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
그림 Fig. 10. Comparison of the transparency for the normal (a) and the self-reinforced (b) sheets 1.5 mm thick. The latter was prepared at a die pressure of 40 MPa. Reprinted with permission [70] Copyright 2004, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
그림 Fig. 11. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, Young's modulus, Izod impact strength, fatigue strength and elongation at break (from left to right) of MP-UHMWPE and CM-UHMWPE. Reprinted with permission [72] Copyright 2014, ELSEVIER Ltd.
그림 Fig. 13. Optical transparency of the sc-PLA/PLLA composite films: (a) pure PLLA, (b) sc-PLA/PLLA 5.0 wt%, (c) sc-PLA/ PLLA 10 wt%, (d) sc-PLA/PLLA 15 wt%, and (e) sc-PLA films. Reprinted with permission [50] Copyright 2018, ELSEVIER Ltd.
그림 Fig. 12. (a) PLLA fibers before (a) and after (b) ethyl acetate treatment. Reprinted with permission [49] Copyright 2015, ELSEVIER Ltd.
$Fig. 14. SEM micrographs of fractured surfaces of all investi-gated SPCs systems. (a) Y24, (b) R24, (c) Y30, (d) R30, (e) Y36, (f ) R36. Reprinted with permission [59] Copyright 2017, ELSEVIER Ltd. (Y and R indicates yellow fabric and red fabric, respectively)$ 그림 Fig. 14. SEM micrographs of fractured surfaces of all investi-gated SPCs systems. (a) Y24, (b) R24, (c) Y30, (d) R30, (e) Y36, (f ) R36. Reprinted with permission [59] Copyright 2017, ELSEVIER Ltd. (Y and R indicates yellow fabric and red fabric, respectively)
그림 Fig. 15. Schematics of (a) the four-step multi drawing system for PP tape and (b) the continuous double-belt press process for PP-SRC
그림 Fig. 16. (a) Stress-strain responses and (b) tensile strengths and Young's moduli for PP tapes (λ = 15) before and after double-belt press processing. DBP refers to the doublebelt press. Reprinted with permission [63] Copyright 2021, ELSEVIER Ltd.
그림 Fig. 17. (a) Adhesion strength, (b) penetration impact resistance, and (c) tensile strength of fabricated PP-based SRCs. Reprinted with permission [64] Copyright 2021, ELSEVIER Ltd.

AI 본문요약
AI-Helper

문제 정의

본 논문에서는 미래모빌리티를 위한 차세대 경량구조복합재료로 고려되고 있는 CFRP 및 SRC의 재료개발, 응용 프로그램 대한 포괄적인 검토가 제공되었다.

제안 방법

SRC는 매트릭스와 동일한 구성성분인 섬유를 강화재로 사용하기 때문에 완벽한 계면을 구성할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 다양한 고분자를 이용하여 제조된 SRC에 대해 정리하였으며, 특히 SRC가 용융점 차이를 이용하여 제조되는 점을 고려하여 고연신이 가능하여 SRC 제조에 유리한 PP SRC에 주목하였다. PA 및 PET 등의 고분자는 기계적 특성이 우수하지만 고연신이 불가능하다.

후속연구

현재는 미래모빌리티의 경량화소재로 CFRP를 주로 고려하지만, 실제 상용화된 상황을 가정했을 때 CFRP의 재생, 재활용 및 폐기의 문제는 지속 가능한 발전 측면에서 큰 위협이 될 수 있다. 따라서, 향후에는 한 종류의 열가소성 고분자로 구성되어 손쉽게 재활용이 가능한 SRC의 미래모빌리티의 적용 확대가 예상된다.

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표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

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