Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the essential factors contributing to the growth and success of smart cities, providing a comprehensive analysis of key elements that are crucial in fostering the development of smart cities. This study explored the impacts of technology-driven ap...
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the essential factors contributing to the growth and success of smart cities, providing a comprehensive analysis of key elements that are crucial in fostering the development of smart cities. This study explored the impacts of technology-driven applications, corporate involvement, the role of experts, citizen co-creation, city-led strategy governance, and sustainable urban practices on overall attitudes towards smart cities. Additionally, the study examined the impact of overall attitude on the growth trajectory of the smart cities and satisfaction. Research design, data and methodology: To collect data, this study employed an online survey conducted by a reputable research organization. Data analysis involved the use of factor analysis, ANOVA, and regression analysis. Results: This study unveiled significant impacts of technology-driven applications, corporate involvement, the role of experts, citizen co-creation, city-led strategy governance, and sustainable urban practices on the overall attitudes. Furthermore, it demonstrated that the overall attitude significantly influences the growth trajectory of smart cities. Conclusions: This study identified key driving factors for smart city development, suggesting that the consideration of sustainable urban practices emerges as the most significant factor influencing the growth of the smart cities.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the essential factors contributing to the growth and success of smart cities, providing a comprehensive analysis of key elements that are crucial in fostering the development of smart cities. This study explored the impacts of technology-driven applications, corporate involvement, the role of experts, citizen co-creation, city-led strategy governance, and sustainable urban practices on overall attitudes towards smart cities. Additionally, the study examined the impact of overall attitude on the growth trajectory of the smart cities and satisfaction. Research design, data and methodology: To collect data, this study employed an online survey conducted by a reputable research organization. Data analysis involved the use of factor analysis, ANOVA, and regression analysis. Results: This study unveiled significant impacts of technology-driven applications, corporate involvement, the role of experts, citizen co-creation, city-led strategy governance, and sustainable urban practices on the overall attitudes. Furthermore, it demonstrated that the overall attitude significantly influences the growth trajectory of smart cities. Conclusions: This study identified key driving factors for smart city development, suggesting that the consideration of sustainable urban practices emerges as the most significant factor influencing the growth of the smart cities.
This study underscores the significance of diverse corporate involvement in shaping smart cities through contribution to technological innovation, market revitalization, and the creation of robust industrial ecosystem. Building upon these considerations, the present study hypothesizes that corporate participation influences overall attitudes toward the smart city.
(2022) pointed out the insufficient research on how smart cities impact human happiness and proposed a happiness-driven smart city mechanism grounded in a set of strategic measures. Building upon these considerations, the present study hypothesizes that overall attitude influences the growth trajectory of smart cities and satisfaction with smart cities.
(2020) emphasized the pivotal role of ICT in the smart cities concept, particularly in policy design, decision-making, implementation, and the delivery of ultimate productive services. Building upon these considerations, the present study hypothesizes that technology-driven applications influences overall attitudes toward the smart city.
This study posits that citizens can engage in community by providing opinions for the development of smart city. Building upon these considerations, the present study hypothesizes that the citizen co-creation influences overall attitudes toward the smart city.
(2015) highlighted that the management capacity of local government plays a mediating role in the impact of financial investment on the implementation of green economic strategies. Building upon these considerations, the present study hypothesizes that the city-led strategic governance influences overall attitudes toward the smart city.
This study posits that smart cities can contribute the sustainable environment by applying eco-friendly energy, smart waste management system, and other green management policies. Building upon these considerations, the present study hypothesizes that the implementation of sustainable urban practices influences overall attitudes toward the smart city.
(2022) emphasized the significance of scholars and experts with robust knowledge of local smart city initiatives in formulating strategic measures for achieving happiness-driven smart city objectives. Building upon these considerations, the present study hypothesizes that the role of experts influences overall attitudes toward the smart city.
H1: Technology-driven applications have a significant impact on the overall attitude towards smart cities.
H2: Corporate participation has a significant impact on the overall attitude towards smart cities.
H3: The role of experts has a significant impact on the overall attitude towards smart cities.
H4: Citizen co-creation has a significant impact on the overall attitude towards smart cities.
H5: City-led strategic governance has a significant impact on the overall attitude towards smart cities.
H6: Sustainable urban practices have a significant impact on the overall attitude towards smart cities.
H7: Overall attitude has a significant impact on the growth trajectory of smart cities.
H8: Overall attitude has a significant impact on the satisfaction with smart cities.
제안 방법
In this study, factor analysis was employed and scale items were extracted using principal component analysis. The extraction method involved maximum iterations for convergence, and factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 were retained.
Furthermore, this study examines the anticipated impact of overall attitudes toward smart cities on various aspects, including technology-driven applications, corporate participation, the role of experts, citizen co-creation, city-led strategic governance, sustainable urban practices, the overall attitude, and influence on the growth of the smart cities. The research employs 5-point Likert scales for assessing major proposed items, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The data for this study were collected from five prominent smart cities in South Korea encompassing Seoul, Incheon, Busan, and Daejeon and the national pilot smart city, Sejong.
This study also conducted regression analyses to test the effect of overall attitude on the growth trajectory of the smart cities and satisfaction. The results of the ANOVA revealed that the overall model is significant with an F value of 323.
대상 데이터
The research employs 5-point Likert scales for assessing major proposed items, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The data for this study were collected from five prominent smart cities in South Korea encompassing Seoul, Incheon, Busan, and Daejeon and the national pilot smart city, Sejong. This study collected a total of three hundred and ten valid responses.
데이터처리
In this study, multiple regression analysis was utilized to test hypotheses incorporating factor scores as variables in the analysis. The independent variables encompassed technology-driven applications, corporate participation, the role of experts, citizen co-creation, city-led strategic governance, and sustainable urban practices.
The survey begins by evaluating citizens’ awareness of smart city. This study utilized factor analysis, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis to examine the proposed hypotheses. Reliability was assessed by examining Cronbach’s alpha.
이론/모형
The extraction method involved maximum iterations for convergence, and factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 were retained. VARIMAX with Kaiser Normalization served as the rotation method, with maximum iterations for convergence. Table 2 provides a concise presentation of the component matrix, inclusive of factor loadings.
성능/효과
Table 3 illustrated that in this study, the impacts of technology-driven applications, corporate participation, citizen co-creation, city-led strategy governance, and sustainable urban practices on the overall attitude were found to be significant at a 1% significance level. Additionally, the effect of the role of experts factor on the overall attitude showed significance at a 5% level. As a result, hypotheses H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, and H6 were accepted.
As a result, hypotheses H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, and H6 were accepted. Among the significant factors, the study identified the highest effect size for the influence of sustainable urban practices on the overall attitude toward the smart city. This was followed by the effects of city-led strategy governance, corporate participation, technology-driven application, citizen co-creation, and the role of experts on the overall attitude toward the smart city.
Additionally, the effect of the role of experts factor on the overall attitude showed significance at a 5% level. As a result, hypotheses H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, and H6 were accepted. Among the significant factors, the study identified the highest effect size for the influence of sustainable urban practices on the overall attitude toward the smart city.
Effect size of role of experts on overall attitude toward the smart city was relatively lower, while listening to experts’ opinions through various communication tools might help enhance awareness of smart cities
The results offer managerial and policy implications. First, there is necessity of promotional policies related to the importance of citizen co-creation for the growth and success of the smart cities. Effect size of role of experts on overall attitude toward the smart city was relatively lower, while listening to experts’ opinions through various communication tools might help enhance awareness of smart cities.
Therefore, H7 was accepted. Further, the results of the ANOVA revealed that the overall model is significant with an F value of 190.675 at the 0.01% significance level and an R-square of 0.382 in the case of the impacts of attitude on satisfaction. Therefore, H8 was accepted.
The response rate was approximately 15%. Furthermore, this study examines the anticipated impact of overall attitudes toward smart cities on various aspects, including technology-driven applications, corporate participation, the role of experts, citizen co-creation, city-led strategic governance, sustainable urban practices, the overall attitude, and influence on the growth of the smart cities. The research employs 5-point Likert scales for assessing major proposed items, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).
(2019) addressed that smart cities can provide innovative solutions in various domains such as environment, economy, mobility, and safety with technology, while it is only possible if the citizens are involved in the design of the smart city. However, the results of this study raise the concern how citizens in South Korea perceive the fact that citizen participation is pivotal for the development of smart cities. The results also provide implications regarding the role of cities and its stakeholders consider to provide such opportunities to citizens.
This was followed by the effects of city-led strategy governance, corporate participation, technology-driven application, citizen co-creation, and the role of experts on the overall attitude toward the smart city. Notably, the results also indicated that the effect of citizen co-creation on overall attitude exhibited negative impacts.
The results also provide implications regarding the role of cities and its stakeholders consider to provide such opportunities to citizens. Other findings include that the impacts of technology-driven application and role of experts on overall attitude towards smart cities showed significance, while the impact of role of experts on overall attitude towards smart cities showed with lower effect size compared to other effects. The results also found that the impacts of overall attitude on the growth trajectory of the smart cities and satisfaction with smart cities showed significance.
05 level. Regarding the effect size, the results of this study found that the impact of sustainable urban practices on overall attitude towards smart cities showed greater than other impacts. This study also found that the impact of citizen-led strategy governance on overall attitude towards smart cities was greater after the impact of sustainable urban practices on overall attitude towards smart cities.
Therefore, it is important to prioritize inclusivity, sustainability, and adaptability to emerging technologies throughout the development of smart cities. Specifically, this study suggests that the business environment should be improved through the development of promotional policies. This, in turn, enables corporates to actively contribute to the advancement of smart city development and enhances the overall competitiveness of the smart city.
Effect size of role of experts on overall attitude toward the smart city was relatively lower, while listening to experts’ opinions through various communication tools might help enhance awareness of smart cities. Stronger effect size of sustainable urban practices on overall attitudes towards smart cities implied that citizens perceive sustainable and environmental issues could be resolved with the application of smart cities in a society. Citizens also perceive the importance of technology-driven applications and consider it as necessary factor for the growth of smart cities.
The assessed dependent variable wasthe overall attitude toward the smart city. The ANOVA results indicated the significance of the overall model, with an F value of 62.961 at the 0.01% significance level and an R-square of 0.555. Table 3 illustrated that in this study, the impacts of technology-driven applications, corporate participation, citizen co-creation, city-led strategy governance, and sustainable urban practices on the overall attitude were found to be significant at a 1% significance level.
In this study, factor analysis was employed and scale items were extracted using principal component analysis. The extraction method involved maximum iterations for convergence, and factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 were retained. VARIMAX with Kaiser Normalization served as the rotation method, with maximum iterations for convergence.
The possible explanations to these results might include citizen’s beliefs and evaluation of the smart city development are not associated with how much they play a key role by providing opinions, participating city development issues, and providing ideas for decision-making
This study formulated a set of 33 questions to assess the key variables. The response rate was approximately 15%. Furthermore, this study examines the anticipated impact of overall attitudes toward smart cities on various aspects, including technology-driven applications, corporate participation, the role of experts, citizen co-creation, city-led strategic governance, sustainable urban practices, the overall attitude, and influence on the growth of the smart cities.
Other findings include that the impacts of technology-driven application and role of experts on overall attitude towards smart cities showed significance, while the impact of role of experts on overall attitude towards smart cities showed with lower effect size compared to other effects. The results also found that the impacts of overall attitude on the growth trajectory of the smart cities and satisfaction with smart cities showed significance.
This study also conducted regression analyses to test the effect of overall attitude on the growth trajectory of the smart cities and satisfaction. The results of the ANOVA revealed that the overall model is significant with an F value of 323.529 at the 0.01% significance level and an R-square of 0.512 in the case of the impacts of attitude on the growth trajectory of the smart cities. Therefore, H7 was accepted.
Additionally, this study examined the influence of these attitudes on the growth trajectory of the smart cities and satisfaction with smart cities. The results of this study found that the impacts of technology-driven applications, corporate involvement, citizen co-creation, city-led strategy governance, and sustainable urban practices on overall attitudes towards smart cities significant at 0.01 level, while the impact of the role of expert on overall attitudes towards smart cities significant at 0.05 level. Regarding the effect size, the results of this study found that the impact of sustainable urban practices on overall attitude towards smart cities showed greater than other impacts.
Cities with low internet penetration among households or inadequate access to digital infrastructure face substantial limitations in smart city development (Praharaj, 2017). Therefore, the provision of user-centered ICT technology support is crucial to facilitate easy participation for more citizens, forming the foundation for smart city development. Ullah et al.
0 that emphasized the role of citizen co-creation (McQuire, 2023). Therefore, the results showed how citizens perceive the participation on smart cities will help improve smart city development negatively form attitude. The possible explanations to these results might include citizen’s beliefs and evaluation of the smart city development are not associated with how much they play a key role by providing opinions, participating city development issues, and providing ideas for decision-making.
Regarding the effect size, the results of this study found that the impact of sustainable urban practices on overall attitude towards smart cities showed greater than other impacts. This study also found that the impact of citizen-led strategy governance on overall attitude towards smart cities was greater after the impact of sustainable urban practices on overall attitude towards smart cities. This study found that the next greater impact factor on overall attitude towards smart cities was corporate participation.
This study also found that the impact of citizen-led strategy governance on overall attitude towards smart cities was greater after the impact of sustainable urban practices on overall attitude towards smart cities. This study found that the next greater impact factor on overall attitude towards smart cities was corporate participation. This study also found that the impact of citizen co-creation on overall attitude towards smart cities showed significant, but negatively that are different from the goal of Smart City 3.
This study delved into the essential driving factors that contribute to the growth and success of smart cities, offering a comprehensive analysis of key elements crucial for fostering their development of smart cities. This study investigated the impacts of technology-driven applications, corporate involvement, the role of experts, citizen co-creation, city-led strategy governance, and sustainable urban practices on overall attitudes towards smart cities. Additionally, this study examined the influence of these attitudes on the growth trajectory of the smart cities and satisfaction with smart cities.
(2023) investigated that smart city construction significantly improves enterprise performance and the improvements are significant across all industries and regions. This study underscores the significance of diverse corporate involvement in shaping smart cities through contribution to technological innovation, market revitalization, and the creation of robust industrial ecosystem. Building upon these considerations, the present study hypothesizes that corporate participation influences overall attitudes toward the smart city.
Among the significant factors, the study identified the highest effect size for the influence of sustainable urban practices on the overall attitude toward the smart city. This was followed by the effects of city-led strategy governance, corporate participation, technology-driven application, citizen co-creation, and the role of experts on the overall attitude toward the smart city. Notably, the results also indicated that the effect of citizen co-creation on overall attitude exhibited negative impacts.
후속연구
The data analysis was confined to leading smart cities in South Korea, prompting a suggestion for future investigations to expand the scope by analyzing data from smart cities globally. Additionally, enhancing the sample size to encompass various generations would contribute to a more comprehensive understanding. Future studies could explore the impact of cultural and societal factors, as well as government initiatives, across diverse cities and regions to provide a more nuanced perspective.
Additionally, enhancing the sample size to encompass various generations would contribute to a more comprehensive understanding. Future studies could explore the impact of cultural and societal factors, as well as government initiatives, across diverse cities and regions to provide a more nuanced perspective.
While this study presents valuable insights, it is essential to acknowledge its limitations and propose avenues for future research. The data analysis was confined to leading smart cities in South Korea, prompting a suggestion for future investigations to expand the scope by analyzing data from smart cities globally. Additionally, enhancing the sample size to encompass various generations would contribute to a more comprehensive understanding.
The development of smart cities is an ongoing process that requires collaboration across government agencies, private sector entities, and the active involvement of the community. Therefore, it is important to prioritize inclusivity, sustainability, and adaptability to emerging technologies throughout the development of smart cities. Specifically, this study suggests that the business environment should be improved through the development of promotional policies.
This study delved into the essential driving factors that contribute to the growth and success of smart cities, offering a comprehensive analysis of key elements crucial for fostering their development of smart cities. This study investigated the impacts of technology-driven applications, corporate involvement, the role of experts, citizen co-creation, city-led strategy governance, and sustainable urban practices on overall attitudes towards smart cities.
, 2014). This study posits that smart cities can contribute the sustainable environment by applying eco-friendly energy, smart waste management system, and other green management policies. Building upon these considerations, the present study hypothesizes that the implementation of sustainable urban practices influences overall attitudes toward the smart city.
This study posits that the integration of environmental considerations and a focus on sustainability are pivotal factors for the advancement of smart cities. According to Yang and Lee (2023), Sejong, serving as a pilot smart city, aspires to establish a sustainable platform city and transform everyday lives through the implementation of innovative services.
While this study presents valuable insights, it is essential to acknowledge its limitations and propose avenues for future research. The data analysis was confined to leading smart cities in South Korea, prompting a suggestion for future investigations to expand the scope by analyzing data from smart cities globally.
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