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Objectives：This study evaluated hopelessness, dysfunctional attitudes, and explanatory styles, and their relationships to depressive symptoms during the short-term treatment course of major depressive disorder(MDD). Method：The self-rating scales for dysfunctional attitudes(Dysfunctional Attitudes Sc...

Objectives：This study evaluated hopelessness, dysfunctional attitudes, and explanatory styles, and their relationships to depressive symptoms during the short-term treatment course of major depressive disorder(MDD). Method：The self-rating scales for dysfunctional attitudes(Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale, DAS), explanatory styles(Short-form Explanatory Style Questionnaire, SESQ), hopelessness(Beck Hopelessness Scale, BHS) and depressive symptom(Beck Depression Inventory, BDI) were administered to 23 hospitalized patients with MDD twice in 4 weeks interval and so did to 28 normal controls. Results：MDD patients had significantly higher BDI, BHS, and DAS scores than normal control in the first test. Regarding SESQ items, the stable positive score and global positive score was significantly lower in MDD patients than in normal controls, and the stable negative score and global negative score was significantly higher in MDD patients. Dividing MDD patients into improved and not-improved by mean improvement ratio of BDI, the improved group had significantly lower BHS and DAS scores, and improved SESQ scores in the second test, but notimproved group did not improve in BHS, DAS, and SESQ scores. Conclusion：This results confirmed that depressive symptoms, and hopelessness, dysfunctional attitude and explanatory style co-vary in MDD. Further study is necessary to discern whether cognitive characteristics is either epiphenomena or precedents of depressive symptoms in MDD.

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