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This article examines the roles and characteristics of environmental science using the case of global climate change. The processes in which global climate change has become a global environmental issue demonstrate that science plays critical roles in environmental issues. At the same time, however,...

This article examines the roles and characteristics of environmental science using the case of global climate change. The processes in which global climate change has become a global environmental issue demonstrate that science plays critical roles in environmental issues. At the same time, however, the characteristics of environmental science as soft science and policy-relevant science and also the fact that the scientific research methods having been assumed to be objective tacitly reflect normative views of social relations, tend to bring environmental science into the fierce conflicts of political and economic interests. Because environmental risks in contemporary society are not directly perceived through human senses, the roles of science in defining and making them societal issues have become increasingly important. Yet, the characteristics of environmental science as soft science and policy relevant science make uncertainties of scientific knowledge unavoidable and foster controversies over the credibility of knowledge that environmental science produces. Furthermore, the fact that science tends to reflect and produce normative views of the world calls into question the claim that more scientific research can remove uncertainties of environmental science and bring social consensus over environmental problems. These features of environmental science suggest that environmental science will keep playing important roles in environmental movements in the amid of continuous controversies over its uncertainties and credibility, and also demonstrate that it is required to examine why and how such controversies begin and develop to understand environmental problems in future.

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