동래온천은 신라시대부터 명성이 있었으며 조선시대에는 왕실의 종친을 비롯해 부산의 왜관거주 일본인들 또한 온천을 이용했을 정도로 유명한 곳이었다. 따라서 부산항의 개항과 함께 일본인들은 일찍부터 동래온천에 대해 관심을 갖고 개발에 앞장섰다. 이 때문에 동래온천은 1920년대 이미 한국 최대의 온천으로 자리를 잡았다. 여기에는 대륙의 관문으로서 부산이 갖는 지리적 조건과 많은 일본인들이 부산항에 거주한 탓에 경편철도를 시작으로 전차와 같은 대중교통 수단이 발전했던 것과 밀접한 관련성이 있었다. 동래온천은 1930년에 이미 연간 온천이용객이 16만 명이었으며 그 중에서 한국인들이 주로 이용한 동래면영(東萊面營) 공중욕탕의 연간 입욕객수는 10만 명을 헤아렸다. 이 수치는 당시 부산부민(釜山府民)의 인구가 13만 명이었던 것을 감안할 때, 생각보다 많은 사람들이 당시 동래온천을 이용했음을 알 수 있다. 이렇게 많은 사람들이 동래온천을 이용할 수 있었던 것은 부산부(釜山府)와 동래온천 사이를 운행한 전차노선이 한국인들이 많이 거주했던 동래읍을 경유한 노선상의 특성을 빼놓을 수 없다. 동래온천이 갖는 이러한 입지적 조건 때문에 ‘관광’객으로서 동래온천을 찾는 외지인들 뿐만 아니라 일상의 많은 한국인들 역시 동래온천을 이용하였음을 뜻한다. 이 과정에서 한국인들 또한 직접 목욕탕에 들어가는 입탕(入湯)문화를 경험하게 되었을 것이다. 한편 동래온천의 개발은 동래기생의 존속을 가능케 했으며 그것은 지금까지 전승되는 동래학춤과 같은 전통문화의 계승을 가능케 한 중요한 요인이 되기도 하였다.
동래온천은 신라시대부터 명성이 있었으며 조선시대에는 왕실의 종친을 비롯해 부산의 왜관거주 일본인들 또한 온천을 이용했을 정도로 유명한 곳이었다. 따라서 부산항의 개항과 함께 일본인들은 일찍부터 동래온천에 대해 관심을 갖고 개발에 앞장섰다. 이 때문에 동래온천은 1920년대 이미 한국 최대의 온천으로 자리를 잡았다. 여기에는 대륙의 관문으로서 부산이 갖는 지리적 조건과 많은 일본인들이 부산항에 거주한 탓에 경편철도를 시작으로 전차와 같은 대중교통 수단이 발전했던 것과 밀접한 관련성이 있었다. 동래온천은 1930년에 이미 연간 온천이용객이 16만 명이었으며 그 중에서 한국인들이 주로 이용한 동래면영(東萊面營) 공중욕탕의 연간 입욕객수는 10만 명을 헤아렸다. 이 수치는 당시 부산부민(釜山府民)의 인구가 13만 명이었던 것을 감안할 때, 생각보다 많은 사람들이 당시 동래온천을 이용했음을 알 수 있다. 이렇게 많은 사람들이 동래온천을 이용할 수 있었던 것은 부산부(釜山府)와 동래온천 사이를 운행한 전차노선이 한국인들이 많이 거주했던 동래읍을 경유한 노선상의 특성을 빼놓을 수 없다. 동래온천이 갖는 이러한 입지적 조건 때문에 ‘관광’객으로서 동래온천을 찾는 외지인들 뿐만 아니라 일상의 많은 한국인들 역시 동래온천을 이용하였음을 뜻한다. 이 과정에서 한국인들 또한 직접 목욕탕에 들어가는 입탕(入湯)문화를 경험하게 되었을 것이다. 한편 동래온천의 개발은 동래기생의 존속을 가능케 했으며 그것은 지금까지 전승되는 동래학춤과 같은 전통문화의 계승을 가능케 한 중요한 요인이 되기도 하였다.
The Tongnae springs were the place which had been gained the national fame since Silla period. In the Joseon Dynasty, they were a tourist resort which Japanese people who lived in the Waegwan as well as the royal families of the Joseon Dynasty visited frequently. They became already well known as a ...
The Tongnae springs were the place which had been gained the national fame since Silla period. In the Joseon Dynasty, they were a tourist resort which Japanese people who lived in the Waegwan as well as the royal families of the Joseon Dynasty visited frequently. They became already well known as a largest spa town in Korea up to the 1920s. Because Busan was a the gateway to continent linking an island to land. Moreover, it was convenient for many tourists to visit there because the means of transportation such as the streetcar was advanced in Busan. The facilities of public baths, however, operated by Tongnae-myeon(東萊面) were very imperfect as compared with those of inns or public baths run by Japanese people or Manchuria Railroad Inc.(滿洲鐵道株式會社). Nevertheless, those who used the public baths operated by Tongnae-myeon(東萊面) were more than 100,000 for a year. And a number of people were using the private inns were more than 60,000. Through these numbers, then, it could be figured out that many people used them when considered that the population in Busan-bu(釜山府) had reached about 13 million. Those who used these Tongnae springs were mainly residents who lived in Busan-bu(釜山府) and Tongnae-eup(東萊邑)including its tourists. One of the reasons many people visited there was convenient, that is, streetcars were being operated between Busan-bu(釜山府) and Tongnae springs. The other was they could lower directly theirselves into a bathtub through spas. Meanwhile, the Tongnae springs offered Tongnae gisaengs(東萊妓生) the social bases continuing to exist them. As a result, the traditional dances including the dance of a crane of Tongnae continue to this day. This was characteristic that Tongnae springs had as a tourist attraction with mixture of colonialism and modernity under the Japanese Imperialistic Rule. The second characteristic was that influential men in this town secured the distribution rights of mineral water against Kyeongnam Province & Railroad Office. At that time, where Joseon people obtained it was only Tongnae springs. This point was showed me their economic power and social and cultural cohesion. In 1934, after opening up the Donghae-nambu line, the Japanese General of Joseon and Japanese royal families patronized the Haeundae springs. They were furnished with modern spa facilities. 40,000 visitors came by there for a year, in 1930. But because Haeundae springs lacked traffic facilities than Tongnae, most of many people who visited in the town would rather be for their tour of Haeundae than bathe in the hot springs.
The Tongnae springs were the place which had been gained the national fame since Silla period. In the Joseon Dynasty, they were a tourist resort which Japanese people who lived in the Waegwan as well as the royal families of the Joseon Dynasty visited frequently. They became already well known as a largest spa town in Korea up to the 1920s. Because Busan was a the gateway to continent linking an island to land. Moreover, it was convenient for many tourists to visit there because the means of transportation such as the streetcar was advanced in Busan. The facilities of public baths, however, operated by Tongnae-myeon(東萊面) were very imperfect as compared with those of inns or public baths run by Japanese people or Manchuria Railroad Inc.(滿洲鐵道株式會社). Nevertheless, those who used the public baths operated by Tongnae-myeon(東萊面) were more than 100,000 for a year. And a number of people were using the private inns were more than 60,000. Through these numbers, then, it could be figured out that many people used them when considered that the population in Busan-bu(釜山府) had reached about 13 million. Those who used these Tongnae springs were mainly residents who lived in Busan-bu(釜山府) and Tongnae-eup(東萊邑)including its tourists. One of the reasons many people visited there was convenient, that is, streetcars were being operated between Busan-bu(釜山府) and Tongnae springs. The other was they could lower directly theirselves into a bathtub through spas. Meanwhile, the Tongnae springs offered Tongnae gisaengs(東萊妓生) the social bases continuing to exist them. As a result, the traditional dances including the dance of a crane of Tongnae continue to this day. This was characteristic that Tongnae springs had as a tourist attraction with mixture of colonialism and modernity under the Japanese Imperialistic Rule. The second characteristic was that influential men in this town secured the distribution rights of mineral water against Kyeongnam Province & Railroad Office. At that time, where Joseon people obtained it was only Tongnae springs. This point was showed me their economic power and social and cultural cohesion. In 1934, after opening up the Donghae-nambu line, the Japanese General of Joseon and Japanese royal families patronized the Haeundae springs. They were furnished with modern spa facilities. 40,000 visitors came by there for a year, in 1930. But because Haeundae springs lacked traffic facilities than Tongnae, most of many people who visited in the town would rather be for their tour of Haeundae than bathe in the hot springs.
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