PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF DMPC, DMPG, DMPC/DMPG, LYSOPG AND LYSOPC AGAINST DRUGS THAT CAUSE CHANNELOPATHIES
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
공개
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
A61K-047/24
A61K-031/506
출원번호
US-0297901
(2016-10-19)
공개번호
US-0035887
(2017-02-09)
발명자
/ 주소
Helson, Lawrence
Shopp, George M.
Bouchard, Annie
Majeed, Muhammed
출원인 / 주소
Helson, Lawrence
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
0인용 특허 :
0
초록▼
The present invention includes compositions and methods for preventing one or more cardiac channelopathies or conditions resulting from irregularities or alterations in cardiac patterns caused by an active agent or a drug in a human or animal subject comprising: an amount of a lysophosphatidylglycer
The present invention includes compositions and methods for preventing one or more cardiac channelopathies or conditions resulting from irregularities or alterations in cardiac patterns caused by an active agent or a drug in a human or animal subject comprising: an amount of a lysophosphatidylglycerol adapted for oral administration effective to reduce or prevent one or more cardiac channelopathies or conditions resulting from irregularities or alterations in cardiac patterns caused by the active agent or drug.
대표청구항▼
1. A composition for preventing one or more cardiac channelopathies or conditions resulting from irregularities or alterations in cardiac patterns caused by an active agent or a drug in a human or animal subject comprising: an amount of a lysophosphatidylglycerol adapted for oral administration effe
1. A composition for preventing one or more cardiac channelopathies or conditions resulting from irregularities or alterations in cardiac patterns caused by an active agent or a drug in a human or animal subject comprising: an amount of a lysophosphatidylglycerol adapted for oral administration effective to reduce or prevent one or more cardiac channelopathies or conditions resulting from irregularities or alterations in cardiac patterns caused by the active agent or drug. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the lysophosphatidylglycerol includes at least one of a lysophosphatidylcholine, lauroyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, myristoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, palmitoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, stearoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, arachidoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, oleoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, linoleoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, linolenoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine or erucoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the lysophosphatidylglycerol include at least one or 1-Myristoyl-2-Hydroxy-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine (DMPC), 12-Mysteroyl-2-Hydroxy-sn-Glycero-3-[Phospho-rac-(glycerol)] (DMPG), DMPC/DMPG, 1-myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) (LysoPG), or 1-myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (LysoPC). 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the lysophosphatidylglycerol is defined further as a short chain fatty acid is up to 5 carbons, a medium chain is 6 to 12 carbons, a long chain is 13-21 carbons and a very long chain fatty acid is greater than 22 carbons, including both even and odd chain fatty acids. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the lysophosphatidylglycerol has 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 or more carbons, which are saturated or unsaturated. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the cardiac channelopathy or the condition resulting from the irregularity or alteration in the cardiac pattern is inhibition of an ion channel responsible for the delayed-rectifier K+ current in the heart, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, prolongation of the QTc, LQT2, LQTS, or torsades de pointes. 7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is used for the treatment or prevention of prolongation of the IKr channel inhibition or QT prolongation induced by administration of the active agent or drug used in the treatment of cardiac, allergic, or cancer related diseases. 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the active agent drug is selected from at least one of crizotinib, nilotinib, terfenadine, astemizole, gripafloxacin, terodilene, droperidole, lidoflazine, levomethadyl, sertindoyle or cisapride. 9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the active agent drug is provided enterally, parenterally, intravenously, intraperitoneally, or orally. 10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the active agent drug is provided in a liposomes comprises a lipid or a phospholipid wall, wherein the lipids or the phospholipids are selected from the group consisting of phosphatidylcholine (lecithin), lysolecithin, lysophosphatidylethanol-amine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylethanolamine (cephalin), cardiolipin, phosphatidic acid, cerebrosides, dicetylphosphate, phosphatidylcholine, and dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylglycerol, stearylamine, dodecylamine, hexadecyl-amine, acetyl palmitate, glycerol ricinoleate, hexadecyl sterate, isopropyl myristate, amphoteric acrylic polymers, fatty acid, fatty acid amides, cholesterol, cholesterol ester, diacylglycerol, and diacylglycerolsuccinate. 11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the drug is selected from Albuterol (salbutamol), Alfuzosin, Amantadine, Amiodarone, Amisulpride, Amitriptyline, Amoxapine, Amphetamine, Anagrelide, Apomorphine, Arformoterol, Aripiprazole, Arsenic trioxide, Astemizole, Atazanavir, Atomoxetine, Azithromycin, Bedaquiline, Bepridil, Bortezomib, Bosutinib, Chloral hydrate, Chloroquine, Chlorpromazine, Ciprofloxacin, Cisapride, Citalopram, Clarithromycin, Clomipramine, Clozapine, Cocaine, Crizotinib, Dabrafenib, Dasatinib, Desipramine, Dexmedetomidine, Dexmethylphenidate, Dextroamphetamine (d-Amphetamine), Dihydroartemisinin+piperaquine, Diphenhydramine, Disopyramide, Dobutamine, Dofetilide, Dolasetron, Domperidone, Dopamine, Doxepin, Dronedarone, Droperidol, Ephedrine, Epinephrine (Adrenaline), Eribulin, Erythromycin, Escitalopram, Famotidine, Felbamate, Fenfluramine, Fingolimod, Flecainide, Fluconazole, Fluoxetine, Formoterol, Foscarnet, Fosphenytoin, Furosemide (Frusemide), Galantamine, Gatifloxacin, Gemifloxacin, Granisetron, Halofantrine, Haloperidol, Hydrochlorothiazide, Ibutilide, Iloperidone, Imipramine (melipramine), Indapamide, Isoproterenol, Isradipine, Itraconazole, Ivabradine, Ketoconazole, Lapatinib, Levalbuterol (levsalbutamol), Levofloxacin, Levomethadyl, Lisdexamfetamine, Lithium, Mesoridazine, Metaproterenol, Methadone, Methamphetamine (methamfetamine), Methylphenidate, Midodrine, Mifepristone, Mirabegron, Mirtazapine, Moexipril/HCTZ, Moxifloxacin, Nelfinavir, Nicardipine, Nilotinib, Norepinephrine (noradrenaline), Norfloxacin, Nortriptyline, Ofloxacin, Olanzapine, Ondansetron, Oxytocin, Paliperidone, Paroxetine, Pasireotide, Pazopanib, Pentamidine, Perflutren lipid microspheres, Phentermine, Phenylephrine, Phenylpropanolamine, Pimozide, Posaconazole, Probucol, Procainamide, Promethazine, Protriptyline, Pseudoephedrine, Quetiapine, Quinidine, Quinine sulfate, Ranolazine, Rilpivirine, Risperidone, Ritodrine, Ritonavir, Roxithromycin, Salmeterol, Saquinavir, Sertindole, Sertraline, Sevoflurane, Sibutramine, Solifenacin, Sorafenib, Sotalol, Sparfloxacin, Sulpiride, Sunitinib, Tacrolimus, Tamoxifen, Telaprevir, Telavancin, Telithromycin, Terbutaline, Terfenadine, Tetrabenazine, Thioridazine, Tizanidine, Tolterodine, Toremifene, Trazodone, Trimethoprim-Sulfa, Trimipramine, Vandetanib, Vardenafil, Vemurafenib, Venlafaxine, Voriconazole, Vorinostat, or Ziprasidone. 12. A composition for preventing or treating a diseases with an active agent or drug that causes one or more adverse reactions arising from administration of an active agent or drug in a human that causes at least one of cardiac channelopathies, IKr channel inhibition or QT prolongation comprising: an amount of a lysophosphatidylglycerol with a basic structure: wherein R1 or R2 can be any even or odd-chain fatty acid, and R3 can be H, acyl, alkyl, aryl, amino acid, alkenes, alkynes, adapted for oral administration effective to reduce or prevent the at least one cardiac channelopathies, IKr channel inhibition or QT prolongation caused by the drug; andone or more active agents or drugs that causes at least one of IKr channel inhibition or QT prolongation. 13. The composition of claim 12, wherein the lysophosphatidylglycerol includes at least one of a lysophosphatidylcholine, lauroyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, myristoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, palmitoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, stearoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, arachidoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, oleoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, linoleoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, linolenoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine or erucoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine. 14. The composition of claim 12, wherein the liposome or liposome precursor are selected from at least one or 1-Myristoyl-2-Hydroxy-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine (DMPC), 12-Mysteroyl-2-Hydroxy-sn-Glycero-3-[Phospho-rac-(glycerol)] (DMPG), DMPC/DMPG, 1-myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) (LysoPG), or 1-myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (LysoPC). 15. The composition of claim 12, wherein the short chain fatty acid is up to 5 carbons, a medium chain is 6 to 12 carbons, a long chain is 13-21 carbons and a very long chain fatty acid is greater than 22 carbons, including both even and odd chain fatty acids. 16. The composition of claim 12, wherein the short chain fatty acid has 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 or more carbons, which are saturated or unsaturated. 17. The composition of claim 12, wherein the cardiac channelopathy or the condition resulting from the irregularity or alteration in the cardiac pattern is inhibition of an ion channel responsible for the delayed-rectifier K+ current in the heart, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, prolongation of the QTc, LQT2, LQTS, or torsades de pointes. 18. The composition of claim 12, wherein the composition is used for the treatment or prevention of prolongation of the IKr channel inhibition or QT prolongation induced by administration of one or more drugs used in the treatment of cardiac, allergic, or cancer related disease. 19. The composition of claim 12, wherein the one or more active agents is selected from at least one of crizotinib, nilotinib, terfenadine, astemizole, gripafloxacin, terodilene, droperidole, lidoflazine, levomethadyl, sertindoyle or cisapride. 20. The composition of claim 12, wherein the active agent or drug is provided enterally, parenterally, intravenously, intraperitoneally, or orally. 21. The composition of claim 12, wherein the liposomes comprises a lipid or a phospholipid wall, wherein the lipids or the phospholipids are selected from the group consisting of phosphatidylcholine (lecithin), lysolecithin, lysophosphatidylethanol-amine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylethanolamine (cephalin), cardiolipin, phosphatidic acid, cerebrosides, dicetylphosphate, phosphatidylcholine, and dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylglycerol, stearylamine, dodecylamine, hexadecyl-amine, acetyl palmitate, glycerol ricinoleate, hexadecyl sterate, isopropyl myristate, amphoteric acrylic polymers, fatty acid, fatty acid amides, cholesterol, cholesterol ester, diacylglycerol, and diacylglycerolsuccinate. 22. The composition of claim 12, wherein the drug is selected from Albuterol (salbutamol), Alfuzosin, Amantadine, Amiodarone, Amisulpride, Amitriptyline, Amoxapine, Amphetamine, Anagrelide, Apomorphine, Arformoterol, Aripiprazole, Arsenic trioxide, Astemizole, Atazanavir, Atomoxetine, Azithromycin, Bedaquiline, Bepridil, Bortezomib, Bosutinib, Chloral hydrate, Chloroquine, Chlorpromazine, Ciprofloxacin, Cisapride, Citalopram, Clarithromycin, Clomipramine, Clozapine, Cocaine, Crizotinib, Dabrafenib, Dasatinib, Desipramine, Dexmedetomidine, Dexmethylphenidate, Dextroamphetamine (d-Amphetamine), Dihydroartemisinin+piperaquine, Diphenhydramine, Disopyramide, Dobutamine, Dofetilide, Dolasetron, Domperidone, Dopamine, Doxepin, Dronedarone, Droperidol, Ephedrine, Epinephrine (Adrenaline), Eribulin, Erythromycin, Escitalopram, Famotidine, Felbamate, Fenfluramine, Fingolimod, Flecainide, Fluconazole, Fluoxetine, Formoterol, Foscarnet, Fosphenytoin, Furosemide (Frusemide), Galantamine, Gatifloxacin, Gemifloxacin, Granisetron, Halofantrine, Haloperidol, Hydrochlorothiazide, Ibutilide, Iloperidone, Imipramine (melipramine), Indapamide, Isoproterenol, Isradipine, Itraconazole, Ivabradine, Ketoconazole, Lapatinib, Levalbuterol (levsalbutamol), Levofloxacin, Levomethadyl, Lisdexamfetamine, Lithium, Mesoridazine, Metaproterenol, Methadone, Methamphetamine (methamfetamine), Methylphenidate, Midodrine, Mifepristone, Mirabegron, Mirtazapine, Moexipril/HCTZ, Moxifloxacin, Nelfinavir, Nicardipine, Nilotinib, Norepinephrine (noradrenaline), Norfloxacin, Nortriptyline, Ofloxacin, Olanzapine, Ondansetron, Oxytocin, Paliperidone, Paroxetine, Pasireotide, Pazopanib, Pentamidine, Perflutren lipid microspheres, Phentermine, Phenylephrine, Phenylpropanolamine, Pimozide, Posaconazole, Probucol, Procainamide, Promethazine, Protriptyline, Pseudoephedrine, Quetiapine, Quinidine, Quinine sulfate, Ranolazine, Rilpivirine, Risperidone, Ritodrine, Ritonavir, Roxithromycin, Salmeterol, Saquinavir, Sertindole, Sertraline, Sevoflurane, Sibutramine, Solifenacin, Sorafenib, Sotalol, Sparfloxacin, Sulpiride, Sunitinib, Tacrolimus, Tamoxifen, Telaprevir, Telavancin, Telithromycin, Terbutaline, Terfenadine, Tetrabenazine, Thioridazine, Tizanidine, Tolterodine, Toremifene, Trazodone, Trimethoprim-Sulfa, Trimipramine, Vandetanib, Vardenafil, Vemurafenib, Venlafaxine, Voriconazole, Vorinostat, or Ziprasidone. 23. A method for preventing or treating one or more cardiac channelopathies, irregularities or alterations in cardiac patterns, IKr channel inhibition or QT prolongation, in a human or animal subject caused by an active agent or drug, wherein the active agent or drug are used to treat a disease in a human or animal subject comprising the steps of: administering to the human or animal subject an amount of a lysophosphatidylglycerol adapted for oral administration effective to reduce or prevent one or cardiac channelopathies, irregularities or alterations in cardiac patterns, IKr channel inhibition, or QT prolongation caused by the active agent or drug; andan effective amount of the active agent or drug sufficient to treat the disease, wherein the orally provided lysophosphatidylglycerol reduces or eliminates the at least one cardiac channelopathies, irregularities or alterations in cardiac patterns, IKr channel inhibition or QT prolongation. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the lysophosphatidylglycerol includes at least one of a lysophosphatidylcholine, lauroyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, myristoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, palmitoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, stearoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, arachidoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, oleoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, linoleoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, linolenoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine or erucoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein the liposome or liposome precursor are selected from at least one or 1-Myristoyl-2-Hydroxy-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine (DMPC), 12-Mysteroyl-2-Hydroxy-sn-Glycero-3-[Phospho-rac-(glycerol)] (DMPG), DMPC/DMPG, 1-myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) (LysoPG), or 1-myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (LysoPC). 26. The method of claim 23, wherein the short chain fatty acid is up to 5 carbons, a medium chain is 6 to 12 carbons, a long chain is 13-21 carbons and a very long chain fatty acid is greater than 22 carbons, including both even and odd chain fatty acids. 27. The method of claim 23, wherein the short chain fatty acid has 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 or more carbons, which are saturated or unsaturated. 28. The method of claim 23, wherein the cardiac channelopathy or the condition resulting from the irregularity or alteration in the cardiac pattern is inhibition of an ion channel responsible for the delayed-rectifier K+ current in the heart, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, prolongation of the QTc, LQT2, LQTS, or torsades de pointes. 29. The method of claim 23, wherein the one or more active agents is selected from at least one of crizotinib, nilotinib, terfenadine, astemizole, gripafloxacin, terodilene, droperidole, lidoflazine, levomethadyl, sertindoyle or cisapride. 30. The method of claim 23, wherein the drug is selected from Albuterol (salbutamol), Alfuzosin, Amantadine, Amiodarone, Amisulpride, Amitriptyline, Amoxapine, Amphetamine, Anagrelide, Apomorphine, Arformoterol, Aripiprazole, Arsenic trioxide, Astemizole, Atazanavir, Atomoxetine, Azithromycin, Bedaquiline, Bepridil, Bortezomib, Bosutinib, Chloral hydrate, Chloroquine, Chlorpromazine, Ciprofloxacin, Cisapride, Citalopram, Clarithromycin, Clomipramine, Clozapine, Cocaine, Crizotinib, Dabrafenib, Dasatinib, Desipramine, Dexmedetomidine, Dexmethylphenidate, Dextroamphetamine (d-Amphetamine), Dihydroartemisinin+piperaquine, Diphenhydramine, Disopyramide, Dobutamine, Dofetilide, Dolasetron, Domperidone, Dopamine, Doxepin, Dronedarone, Droperidol, Ephedrine, Epinephrine (Adrenaline), Eribulin, Erythromycin, Escitalopram, Famotidine, Felbamate, Fenfluramine, Fingolimod, Flecainide, Fluconazole, Fluoxetine, Formoterol, Foscarnet, Fosphenytoin, Furosemide (Frusemide), Galantamine, Gatifloxacin, Gemifloxacin, Granisetron, Halofantrine, Haloperidol, Hydrochlorothiazide, Ibutilide, Iloperidone, Imipramine (melipramine), Indapamide, Isoproterenol, Isradipine, Itraconazole, Ivabradine, Ketoconazole, Lapatinib, Levalbuterol (levsalbutamol), Levofloxacin, Levomethadyl, Lisdexamfetamine, Lithium, Mesoridazine, Metaproterenol, Methadone, Methamphetamine (methamfetamine), Methylphenidate, Midodrine, Mifepristone, Mirabegron, Mirtazapine, Moexipril/HCTZ, Moxifloxacin, Nelfinavir, Nicardipine, Nilotinib, Norepinephrine (noradrenaline), Norfloxacin, Nortriptyline, Ofloxacin, Olanzapine, Ondansetron, Oxytocin, Paliperidone, Paroxetine, Pasireotide, Pazopanib, Pentamidine, Perflutren lipid microspheres, Phentermine, Phenylephrine, Phenylpropanolamine, Pimozide, Posaconazole, Probucol, Procainamide, Promethazine, Protriptyline, Pseudoephedrine, Quetiapine, Quinidine, Quinine sulfate, Ranolazine, Rilpivirine, Risperidone, Ritodrine, Ritonavir, Roxithromycin, Salmeterol, Saquinavir, Sertindole, Sertraline, Sevoflurane, Sibutramine, Solifenacin, Sorafenib, Sotalol, Sparfloxacin, Sulpiride, Sunitinib, Tacrolimus, Tamoxifen, Telaprevir, Telavancin, Telithromycin, Terbutaline, Terfenadine, Tetrabenazine, Thioridazine, Tizanidine, Tolterodine, Toremifene, Trazodone, Trimethoprim-Sulfa, Trimipramine, Vandetanib, Vardenafil, Vemurafenib, Venlafaxine, Voriconazole, Vorinostat, or Ziprasidone. 31. A method for preventing or treating one or more adverse reactions arising from administration of a therapeutically active agent or a drug in a human or animal subject comprising the steps of: administering to the human or animal subject an amount of an amount of a lysophosphatidylglycerol with a basic structure: wherein R1 or R2 can be any even or odd-chain fatty acid, and R3 can be H, acyl, alkyl, aryl, amino acid, alkenes, alkynes, adapted for oral administration effective to reduce or prevent the at least one cardiac channelopathies, IKr channel inhibition or QT prolongation caused by the drug; andadapted for oral administration effective to reduce or prevent one or more cardiac channelopathies or conditions resulting from irregularities or alterations in cardiac patterns caused by the drug; andmeasuring the effect of the combination of the lysophosphatidylglycerol and the therapeutically active agent or the drug on the drug-induced channelopathy, wherein the composition reduces or eliminated the channelopathy induced by the therapeutically active agent or the drug. 32. A method for preventing or treating at least one of IKr channel inhibition or QT prolongation arising from administration of an active agent that causes a drug-induced channelopathy in a human or animal subject comprising the steps of: identifying the human or animal subject in need of prevention or treatment of a disease treatable active agent that causes a drug-induced channelopathy; andan amount of a lysophosphatidylglycerol adapted for oral administration effective to reduce or prevent one or more cardiac channelopathies or conditions resulting from irregularities or alterations in cardiac patterns caused by the drug; andadministering to the human or animal subject a therapeutically effective amount of an active agent that causes a drug-induced channelopathy, wherein the oral lysophosphatidylglycerol reduces or eliminates the channelopathy induced by the therapeutically active agent. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the active agent has previously failed a clinical trial due to drug-induced IKr channel inhibition or QT prolongation. 34. The method of claim 32, further comprising the step of identifying a drug in a clinical trial that failed or has limited clinical use due to drug-induced IKr channel inhibition or QT prolongation side-effects. 35. The method of claim 32, wherein the drug is selected from Albuterol (salbutamol), Alfuzosin, Amantadine, Amiodarone, Amisulpride, Amitriptyline, Amoxapine, Amphetamine, Anagrelide, Apomorphine, Arformoterol, Aripiprazole, Arsenic trioxide, Astemizole, Atazanavir, Atomoxetine, Azithromycin, Bedaquiline, Bepridil, Bortezomib, Bosutinib, Chloral hydrate, Chloroquine, Chlorpromazine, Ciprofloxacin, Cisapride, Citalopram, Clarithromycin, Clomipramine, Clozapine, Cocaine, Crizotinib, Dabrafenib, Dasatinib, Desipramine, Dexmedetomidine, Dexmethylphenidate, Dextroamphetamine (d-Amphetamine), Dihydroartemisinin+piperaquine, Diphenhydramine, Disopyramide, Dobutamine, Dofetilide, Dolasetron, Domperidone, Dopamine, Doxepin, Dronedarone, Droperidol, Ephedrine, Epinephrine (Adrenaline), Eribulin, Erythromycin, Escitalopram, Famotidine, Felbamate, Fenfluramine, Fingolimod, Flecainide, Fluconazole, Fluoxetine, Formoterol, Foscarnet, Fosphenytoin, Furosemide (Frusemide), Galantamine, Gatifloxacin, Gemifloxacin, Granisetron, Halofantrine, Haloperidol, Hydrochlorothiazide, Ibutilide, Iloperidone, Imipramine (melipramine), Indapamide, Isoproterenol, Isradipine, Itraconazole, Ivabradine, Ketoconazole, Lapatinib, Levalbuterol (levsalbutamol), Levofloxacin, Levomethadyl, Lisdexamfetamine, Lithium, Mesoridazine, Metaproterenol, Methadone, Methamphetamine (methamfetamine), Methylphenidate, Midodrine, Mifepristone, Mirabegron, Mirtazapine, Moexipril/HCTZ, Moxifloxacin, Nelfinavir, Nicardipine, Nilotinib, Norepinephrine (noradrenaline), Norfloxacin, Nortriptyline, Ofloxacin, Olanzapine, Ondansetron, Oxytocin, Paliperidone, Paroxetine, Pasireotide, Pazopanib, Pentamidine, Perflutren lipid microspheres, Phentermine, Phenylephrine, Phenylpropanolamine, Pimozide, Posaconazole, Probucol, Procainamide, Promethazine, Protriptyline, Pseudoephedrine, Quetiapine, Quinidine, Quinine sulfate, Ranolazine, Rilpivirine, Risperidone, Ritodrine, Ritonavir, Roxithromycin, Salmeterol, Saquinavir, Sertindole, Sertraline, Sevoflurane, Sibutramine, Solifenacin, Sorafenib, Sotalol, Sparfloxacin, Sulpiride, Sunitinib, Tacrolimus, Tamoxifen, Telaprevir, Telavancin, Telithromycin, Terbutaline, Terfenadine, Tetrabenazine, Thioridazine, Tizanidine, Tolterodine, Toremifene, Trazodone, Trimethoprim-Sulfa, Trimipramine, Vandetanib, Vardenafil, Vemurafenib, Venlafaxine, Voriconazole, Vorinostat, or Ziprasidone. 36. A method of evaluating a candidate drug, wherein the candidate drug causes a channelopathy, the method comprising: (a) administering an amount of an oral lysophosphatidylglycerol and a candidate drug to a first subset of the patients, and a placebo to a second subset of the patients, wherein the oral liposome or liposome precursor is provided in an amount effective to reduce or prevent one or more cardiac channelopathies or conditions resulting from irregularities or alterations in cardiac patterns caused by the candidate drug;(b) measuring the level of channelopathy from the first and second set of patients; and(c) determining if the combination of the oral liposome or liposome precursors and the candidate drug reduce the drug-induced channelopathy that is statistically significant as compared to any reduction occurring in the subset of patients that took the placebo or to the known drug-induced channelopathy, wherein a statistically significant reduction indicates that the combination of the oral lysophosphatidylglycerol and the candidate drug is useful in treating a disease state while also reducing or eliminating the drug-induced channelopathy. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the drug has previously failed a clinical trial due to a drug-induced channelopathy, IKr channel inhibition or QT prolongation. 38. The method of claim 36, wherein the drug has been withdrawn from the marketplace due to a drug-induced channelopathy, IKr channel inhibition or QT prolongation. 39. The method of claim 36, further comprising the step of repeating steps (a) to (c) after a period of time. 40. The method of claim 36, wherein the drug is selected from Albuterol (salbutamol), Alfuzosin, Amantadine, Amiodarone, Amisulpride, Amitriptyline, Amoxapine, Amphetamine, Anagrelide, Apomorphine, Arformoterol, Aripiprazole, Arsenic trioxide, Astemizole, Atazanavir, Atomoxetine, Azithromycin, Bedaquiline, Bepridil, Bortezomib, Bosutinib, Chloral hydrate, Chloroquine, Chlorpromazine, Ciprofloxacin, Cisapride, Citalopram, Clarithromycin, Clomipramine, Clozapine, Cocaine, Crizotinib, Dabrafenib, Dasatinib, Desipramine, Dexmedetomidine, Dexmethylphenidate, Dextroamphetamine (d-Amphetamine), Dihydroartemisinin+piperaquine, Diphenhydramine, Disopyramide, Dobutamine, Dofetilide, Dolasetron, Domperidone, Dopamine, Doxepin, Dronedarone, Droperidol, Ephedrine, Epinephrine (Adrenaline), Eribulin, Erythromycin, Escitalopram, Famotidine, Felbamate, Fenfluramine, Fingolimod, Flecainide, Fluconazole, Fluoxetine, Formoterol, Foscarnet, Fosphenytoin, Furosemide (Frusemide), Galantamine, Gatifloxacin, Gemifloxacin, Granisetron, Halofantrine, Haloperidol, Hydrochlorothiazide, Ibutilide, Iloperidone, Imipramine (melipramine), Indapamide, Isoproterenol, Isradipine, Itraconazole, Ivabradine, Ketoconazole, Lapatinib, Levalbuterol (levsalbutamol), Levofloxacin, Levomethadyl, Lisdexamfetamine, Lithium, Mesoridazine, Metaproterenol, Methadone, Methamphetamine (methamfetamine), Methylphenidate, Midodrine, Mifepristone, Mirabegron, Mirtazapine, Moexipril/HCTZ, Moxifloxacin, Nelfinavir, Nicardipine, Nilotinib, Norepinephrine (noradrenaline), Norfloxacin, Nortriptyline, Ofloxacin, Olanzapine, Ondansetron, Oxytocin, Paliperidone, Paroxetine, Pasireotide, Pazopanib, Pentamidine, Perflutren lipid microspheres, Phentermine, Phenylephrine, Phenylpropanolamine, Pimozide, Posaconazole, Probucol, Procainamide, Promethazine, Protriptyline, Pseudoephedrine, Quetiapine, Quinidine, Quinine sulfate, Ranolazine, Rilpivirine, Risperidone, Ritodrine, Ritonavir, Roxithromycin, Salmeterol, Saquinavir, Sertindole, Sertraline, Sevoflurane, Sibutramine, Solifenacin, Sorafenib, Sotalol, Sparfloxacin, Sulpiride, Sunitinib, Tacrolimus, Tamoxifen, Telaprevir, Telavancin, Telithromycin, Terbutaline, Terfenadine, Tetrabenazine, Thioridazine, Tizanidine, Tolterodine, Toremifene, Trazodone, Trimethoprim-Sulfa, Trimipramine, Vandetanib, Vardenafil, Vemurafenib, Venlafaxine, Voriconazole, Vorinostat, or Ziprasidone.
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