초록 ▼

2005년부터 아황산, 아질산염, 타르색소, 보존료 및 산화방지제, 착색료에 대하여 식품첨가물 섭취 안전성 평가 연구가 실시되었으며 2013년에는 착색료, 산도조절제, 추출용제, 살균제 등의 32개 식품첨가물에 대한 섭취수준과 안전성을 평가하고 이들 품목의 분석방법을 검토 한 후 타르색소 등 4개품목은 분석법에 대한 개정안을 제시하였으며, 안전성 재평가에 대한 국내ㆍ외 최신 자료를 수집 분석하였다.
착색료 등 32개 품목의 섭취량조사를 위하여 식용색소 황색제4호 등 식용색소 사용 대상 식품 975 품목, 이산화티타늄 200 품

2005년부터 아황산, 아질산염, 타르색소, 보존료 및 산화방지제, 착색료에 대하여 식품첨가물 섭취 안전성 평가 연구가 실시되었으며 2013년에는 착색료, 산도조절제, 추출용제, 살균제 등의 32개 식품첨가물에 대한 섭취수준과 안전성을 평가하고 이들 품목의 분석방법을 검토 한 후 타르색소 등 4개품목은 분석법에 대한 개정안을 제시하였으며, 안전성 재평가에 대한 국내ㆍ외 최신 자료를 수집 분석하였다.
착색료 등 32개 품목의 섭취량조사를 위하여 식용색소 황색제4호 등 식용색소 사용 대상 식품 975 품목, 이산화티타늄 200 품목, 프로필렌글리콜 233품목, 알루미늄 206 품목 등 총 1,614 품목을 시료로 구입하고 함량을 분석하였다. 또한 모니터링 결과에 2011년 국민건강ㆍ영양조사(7,217명),2007-2008년 영ㆍ유아 어린이등 계절별 2일간의 식품섭취량 조사(6,836명) 자료의 식품섭취량 결과를 적용하여 섭취량을 산출하였으며, JECFA에 제시된 ADI와 비교하여 섭취수준을 평가하고 섭취수준의 안전성을 평가하였다.
섭취량 평가결과, 착색료의 국민평균 섭취량은 ADI 대비 0.04%(식용색소적색제102호)~ 0.28%(식용색소적색제3호) 수준으로 나타났으며 검출평균함량 적용 시 0.28%(식용색소적색제40호)~5.19%(식용색소적색제3호) 수준으로 나타났다. 또한 프로필렌의 섭취량평가는 0.49%, 알루미늄은 잠정주간섭취한계량(PTWI) 2mg/kg bw/week과 비교 시 6.48%로 나타났다.
어린이를 포함하여 과다 섭취군 등에 대한 평가결과에서도 착색료 등 32개 품목의 섭취량은 모두 JECFA에서 제시한 ADI의 10% 미만으로 섭취 수준은 안전한 것으로 나타났다.
또한 착색료 등 32품목에 대한 JECFA 및 EFSA의 안전성 재평가 현황을 검토한 결과 크게 우려할 안전성에 대한 평가결과는 없었으나 대체적으로 착색료에 대한 안전성 및 섭취량평가가 많이 이루어지고 있음을 알 수 있었다.
착색료 등 32품목에 대한 국내 사용현황 파악은 최근 3년간의 식품 및 식품첨가물 품목제조 보고서와 수입신고서도 같이 수집 분석하여 이들 식품첨가물이 사용되는 식품의 종류 및 사용건수를 파악하였으며, 식품첨가물의 사용추이를 파악해 볼 수 있는 기초자료로 분석하였다.
4세부에서는 식품첨가물에 대한 안전성평가연구보고서(2008~2013년)를 바탕으로 식품첨가물에 대한 학부모와 어린이들의 인식 및 정보요구도에 관한 추이를 분석하여 지속적인 인식개선 노력이 필요함을 확인하였고, 학부모와 어린이를 대상 식품첨가물에 대한 인식 및 정보요구도, 매체활용 등 설문조사 실시 결과를 바탕으로 스마트폰용 앱(학부모용: 식품첨가물 바로알기, 어린이용-푸드애디와 놀자)을 개발하였다. 이의 시범적용 결과, 앱을 통한 정보의 전달이 매우 효과적이었으며 식품첨가물에 대한 이해도 및 안전성에 관한 불안감이 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 따라서 개발된 앱은 식품첨가물에 대한 risk communication 촉진매체로 적극 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Abstract ▼

Since 2005, evaluation on the safety of food additive intake has been conducted in relation to sulfurous acid, nitrite, tar colors, preservatives, oxidation inhibitors and coloring agents. In 2013, intake levels and safety of 32 food additives including coloring agents, acidifiers, extraction solven

Since 2005, evaluation on the safety of food additive intake has been conducted in relation to sulfurous acid, nitrite, tar colors, preservatives, oxidation inhibitors and coloring agents. In 2013, intake levels and safety of 32 food additives including coloring agents, acidifiers, extraction solvents and sanitizers were evaluated and analysis methods for these items were examined. Then, for four items including tar colors, plans for amendment of the analysis methods were suggested and the latest domestic and overseas safety reevaluation data were collected and analyzed.
To investigate the intake amounts of 32 food additives including coloring agents, a total of 1,614 items, such as 975 food items subject to the use of food colorings including Food Color Yellow No.
4, 200 of titanium dioxide, 233 of propylene glycol and 206 of aluminum, were purchased as samples and the respective contents were analyzed. The intake amounts were calculated by applying the results of a survey on food intake amounts conducted for two days by season on toddlers and young children (6,386 targets) in 2007 - 2008 and the results of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey (7,217 targets) conducted in 2011 to the monitoring amounts. In addition, intake levels and safety of the intake levels were evaluated through comparison with ADIs suggested by JECFA.
As a result of evaluating intake amounts, the national average intake of coloring agents was found to be 0.04% (Food Color Red No. 102) - 0.28% (Food Color Red No. 3) of ADIs. When applied with the average detection contents, the level was found to be 0.28% (Food Color Red No. 40) - 5.19% (Food Color Red No. 3). In addition, the amount of propylene intake was 0.49% of ADIs and the amount of aluminum intake was 6.48% of PTWI (provisional tolerable weekly intake), which is 2mg/kg bw/week.
The results of evaluation on excessive intake groups including children also indicated that the intake amounts of 32 food additives including coloring agents were all within a safe range of less than 10% of ADIs suggested by JFCFA. In addition, an examination on the status of safety reevaluation by JECFA and EFSA on 32 items including coloring agents did not produce any results concerning significant safety risks and indicated that a relatively large number of evaluations are being conducted in relation to safety and intake amounts of food colorings.
As for identification of the status of use in Korea of the 32 items including coloring agents, food items and food additives manufacturing reports and import declarations in the last three years were collected and analyzed in order to identify the types of foods where the food additives were used and the count of food additive use. The analysis was conducted also by using basic data with which the trend of food additives use can be identified.
In the 4th study, continuous efforts to improve awareness about food additives was found to be necessary as the trends of information demand and recognition about food additives by children and their parents were analyzed based on the reports of evaluation on the safety of food additives (2008 - 2013). In addition, smart phone applications (For Parents: Correct understanding of food additives, For Children: Let's Play with Food Addi) were developed on the basis of the results of a questionnaire survey about children's and their parents' awareness of food additives, information demand and media utilization. The results of a pilot application indicated that the information delivery through the smart phone applications was very effective. In addition, the responses indicated a trend of increased understanding about food additives and decreased anxiety about food safety issues. Therefore, it is considered possible to make an active use of the smart phone applications as a medium to accelerate communication in relations to the risks of food additives.