초록 ▼

○ 연구결과
1. 사과박과 간장박의 성분 분석
사과박의 구성성분은 탄수화물과 조섬유가 주성분이며 각각의 함량은 66.5% 및 4.7%이었다. 간장박은 탄수화물과 조단백 및 무기염류이 주성분이며 조지방과 칼슘 및 인이 포함되어 있으며 수분 함량은 11.0%이었다.
2. 미생물 제재의 생산기술 개발
가. 유용 미생물들의 사과박 및 간장박의 이용도 측정
본 연구에 사용한 대부분의 균주가 사과박과 간장박을 이용할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 풀루란 생산배지의 구성성분에서 탄소원인 포도당이 차지하는 상대적인 가격은 약

○ 연구결과
1. 사과박과 간장박의 성분 분석
사과박의 구성성분은 탄수화물과 조섬유가 주성분이며 각각의 함량은 66.5% 및 4.7%이었다. 간장박은 탄수화물과 조단백 및 무기염류이 주성분이며 조지방과 칼슘 및 인이 포함되어 있으며 수분 함량은 11.0%이었다.
2. 미생물 제재의 생산기술 개발
가. 유용 미생물들의 사과박 및 간장박의 이용도 측정
본 연구에 사용한 대부분의 균주가 사과박과 간장박을 이용할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 풀루란 생산배지의 구성성분에서 탄소원인 포도당이 차지하는 상대적인 가격은 약 50%이며 효모추출액이 차지하는 상대적인 가격은 전체 약 40%이므로 사과박과 간장박을 이용할 수 있으므로 직접 생산비의 많은 부분을 절약할 수 있다.
나. 사과박의 최적 수분농도 확립
사과박을 유일한 기질로 사용하여 균주들을 배양하였을 경우에 사과박의 수분 함량은 약 60% 이상이 되어야 균주들이 이용함을 알 수 있었다. 특히, DL-4, DL-5 및 L. acidophilus KCCM 3280 균주는 수분 함량이 80% 이상 되는 사과박만을 이용하였다.
다. 간장박의 최적 수분농도 확립
간장박을 유일한 기질로 사용하여 균주들을 배양하였을 경우에 간장박의 수분 함량이 40% 이상이 되어야 균주들이 이용함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 같은 수분 함량의 간장박인 경우에는 산가수분해 간장박 보다 양조간장박의 이용도가 높음을 알 수 있었다. 특히, L. acidophilus KCCM 3280 및 40265 균주 등은 수분 함량이 80% 이상되는 간장박만을 이용하였다.
라. 미생물 제재의 배양 조건 최적화
B. brevis DL-2, DL-3 및 DL-4 균주는 30℃가 최적 생육온도 이었으며 B. coagulans DL-1, B. stearothermophillus DL-3, S. cerevisiae KCCM 11304, L. acidophilus KCCM 32820 및 L. acidophilus KCCM 40265균주는 35℃에서 가장 높은 생균수를 나타냈다. DL-5, S. cerevisiae KCCM 11304 및 L. acidophilus KCCM 40265 균주의 최적 생육 pH는 6.0으로 약 산성에서 높은 생존율을 나타냈다.
마. 미생물 제재의 생산배지 조성 최적화
B. coagulan DL-1, L. acidophilus KCCM 32820 및 40265 균주들은 사과박과 간장박의 비율이 4 : 6인 배지에서 최고의 생균수를 나타냈으나 나머지 균주들은 사과박과 간장박의 비율이 2 : 8인 배지에서 최고의 생균수를 나타냈다.바. 유용 미생물 배양액의 유기물 및 효소의 분석
B. stearothermophilus DL-3 균주는 포도당, 전분, 섬유소 및 키틴을 탄소원으로 사용한 배지에서 48시간 배양하였을 때에 가장 높은 생균수를 나타냈으나 C.M.C, 키토산 및 탈지분유를 탄소원으로 사용한 배지에서는 배양 후, 72시간까지 생균수의 증가를 보였다. 탄소원의 이용도 및 SDS-polyacrylamide gel을 사용하여 상등액을 전기영동한 결과, B. stearothermophilus DL-3균주를 사용하여 amylase, cellulase, protease, chitinase 및 chitosanase를 생산할 수 있다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다.

Abstract ▼

1. Results
가. Analysis of apple and soybean pomace
Apple pomace consisted mainly of carbohydrates(66.5%) and crude fibers(4.7%). Soybean pomace consisted mainly of carbohydrates, crude proteins and inorganic salts. Crude lipids, calcium and phosphorus were also found, and 11.0% was moisture.

1. Results
가. Analysis of apple and soybean pomace
Apple pomace consisted mainly of carbohydrates(66.5%) and crude fibers(4.7%). Soybean pomace consisted mainly of carbohydrates, crude proteins and inorganic salts. Crude lipids, calcium and phosphorus were also found, and 11.0% was moisture.
나. Development of microbial product
1) Measurement of apple and soybean utilization levels in useful microorganisms
Most of the microorganisms used in this research were able to utilize apple and soybean pomace. In medium for production of pullulan, glucose, the carbon source, takes up about 50% in relative costs, and yeast extract takes up about 40% of the total in relative costs. Therefore, using apple and soybean pomace is a direct way of cutting down on production costs.
2) Establishment of optimal moisture level for apple pomace
When using apple pomace as the only substrate in cultivating microorganisms, the moisture level in the apple pomace had to be approximately 60% or above for the microorganisms to utilize it. In particular, moisture levels had to be above 80% for DL-4, DL-5 and L. acidophilus KCCM 32820 to utilize the apple pomace.
3) Establishment of optimal moisture level for soybean pomace
When using soybean pomace as the only substrate in cultivating microorganisms, the moisture level in the soybean pomace had to be approximately 40% or above for the microorganisms to utilize it. In pomace of equal moisture levels, the utilization levels were higher for soybean pomace from fermentational process than soybean pomace from chemical process for production of soy sauce. In particular, moisture levels had to be above 80% for L. acidophilus KCCM 32820 and 40265 to utilize the soybean pomace.
4) Establishment of optimal conditions for production of microbial product
Temperature of 30℃ was the optimal temperature for B. brevis DL-2, DL-3 and DL-4; and 35℃ was the optimal temperature for B. coagulans DL-1, B. stearothermophilus DL-3, S. cerevisiae KCCM 11304, L. acidophilus KCCM 32820 and L. acidophilus KCCM 40265. A pH of 6.0 was the optimal condition for DL-5, S. cerevisiae KCCM 11304 and L. acidophilus KCCM 40265.
5) Establishment of optimal conditions for preparation o fmedium
B. coagulan DL-1, L. acidophilus KCCM 32820 and 40265 showed the highest viable cell number when the ratio between apple and soybean pomace was 4 : 6. The other microorganisms showed the highest viable cell number when the ratio between apple and soybean pomace was 2 : 8.
6) Analysis of organic matter and enzymes in microbial medium
B. stearothermophilus DL-3 showed the highest viable cell number when cultivated for 48 hr in a medium, which carbon source was glucose, starch, cellulose and chitin, whereas in a medium with C.M.C., chitosan and skim milk as a carbon source the viable cell number increased for up to 72 hr of cultivation. The utilization level of carbon sources, along with electrophoresis of supernatnat using SDS-polyacrylamide gel showed that amylase, cellulase, protease, chitinase and chitosanase can be produced by using B. stearothermophilus DL-3.
다. Evaluation of microbial products
1) Evaluation of microbial product as a functional fertilizer
가) Effects of microbial product on microorganisms in lettuce growing soil
The total viable cell number in lettuce growing soil treated with standard amounts of microbial product was 4.4 times higher after 6 weeks than that of untreated soil. The total viable cell number in lettuce growing soil treated with double amounts of microbial product was 10.6 times higher than that of non-treated soil, and 2.4 times higher than that of standard treated soil.
나) Effects of microbial product on microorganisms in tomato growing soil
The total viable cell number in tomato growing soil treated with standard amounts of microbial product was 6.9 times higher after 6 weeks than that of untreated soil. The total viable cell number in tomato growing soil treated with double amounts of microbial product was 10.2 times higher than that of untreated soil, and 1.5 times higher than that of standard treated soil.
다) Effects of microbial product on microorganisms in Chinese cabbage growing soil
The total viable cell number in Chinese growing soil treated with standard amounts of rice bran was 3.4 times higher after 6 weeks than that of untreated soil. The total viable cell number in Chinese cabbage growing soil treated with double amounts of rice bran was 13.1 times higher than that of untreated soil, and 3.8 times higher than that of standard treated soil.
라) Effects of microbial product treatment on lettuce growth
Leaf width, leaf count and wet weight for the part above earth in lettuce grown in soil treated with standard amounts of microbial product increased 10.7%, 8.5% and 27.5% respectfully compared to those of lettuce grown in untreated soil. Leaf width, leaf count and wet weight for the part above earth in lettuce grown in soil treated with double amounts of microbial product increased 14.0%, 12.6% and 32.0% respectfully compared to those of lettuce grown in untreated soil.
마) Effects of microbial product treatment on tomato growth
Greatest length, diameter of tomatoes and wet weight in tomatoes grown in soil treated with standard amounts of microbial product increased 10.6%, 10.0% and 27.5% respectfully compared to those of tomatoes grown in untreated soil. Greatest length, diameter of tomatoes and wet weight in tomatoes grown in soil treated with double amounts of microbial product increased 14.0%, 13.5% and 32.6% respectfully compared to those of tomatoes grown in untreated soil.
바) Effects of microbial product treatment on chinese cabbage growth
Leaf length, leaf width, leaf count, wet weight and dry weight in chinese cabbage grown in soil treated with standard amounts microbial product increased 137%, 163%, 67%, 900% and 1.650% respectfully compared to those of chinese cabbage grown in untreated soil. Leaf length, leaf width, leaf count, wet weight and dry weight in chinese cabbage grown in soil treated with double amounts of microbial product increased 145%, 180%, 93%, 950% and 1,825% respectfully compared to those of chinese cabbage grown in untreated soil.
2) Examination of microbial product efficiency as an organic animal feed
가) Effects of microbial product treatment on chickens
Chickens were divided into groups and each group was given untreated feed, feed with 10% microbial product added using rice bran and feed with 10% microbial product added using apple and soybean pomace and rice bran. The average chick weight of each group was 41.10 ± 2.50g, 41.60 ± 3.20g and 42.30 ± 2.90g respectfully. The average chick weight of each group after 28 days was 547.65 ± 91.7g, 560.13 ± 17.19g and 562.24 ± 32.49g respectfully, and the average weight gain for chicks in each group was 506.55g, 518.53g and 519.94g respectfully.
나) Effects of microbial product treatment on pigs
Pigs were divided into groups and each group was given untreated feed, feed with 10% microbial product added using rice bran and feed with 10% microbial product added using apple and soybean pomace and rice bran. The average weight of each group was 9.28 ± 0.99kg, 9.38 ± 1.14kg and 9.55 ± 1.01kg respectfully. The average weight of each group after 37 days was 19.25 ± 4.08kg, 20.20 ± 3.93kg and 20.75 ± 4.18g respectfully, and the average weight gain for each group was 10.65kg, 10.82kg and 11.20kg, respectfully.