초록 ▼

○ 연구결과
1. 유용토착 미생물의 발굴 및 최적조건확립
2. 양돈사료에 남은 음식물 사료의 최적 첨가수준 규명
3. 유용 미생물군 혼합배양 대량생산 최적조건 개발
4. 비육전.후기돈에서 발효균을 활용한 남은 음식물 발효사료의 최적 첨가 수준 규명
5. 병원 미생물과 유용 미생물간의 경쟁적 활성 측정
6. 황경 친화적 효과 검토
7. 건조 남은 음식물의 첨가수준이 브로일러의 성장 및 체조성에 미치는 영향
8. 건조 남은 음식물의 첨가수준이 산란계의 생산성에 미치는 영향
9. 남은음식물

○ 연구결과
1. 유용토착 미생물의 발굴 및 최적조건확립
2. 양돈사료에 남은 음식물 사료의 최적 첨가수준 규명
3. 유용 미생물군 혼합배양 대량생산 최적조건 개발
4. 비육전.후기돈에서 발효균을 활용한 남은 음식물 발효사료의 최적 첨가 수준 규명
5. 병원 미생물과 유용 미생물간의 경쟁적 활성 측정
6. 황경 친화적 효과 검토
7. 건조 남은 음식물의 첨가수준이 브로일러의 성장 및 체조성에 미치는 영향
8. 건조 남은 음식물의 첨가수준이 산란계의 생산성에 미치는 영향
9. 남은음식물 사료와 생균제 첨가에 따른 육계의 성장 및 체조성에 미치는 영향
10. 남은 음식물 사료와 생균제가 산란계의 생산성에 미치는 영향
11. 남은 음식물과 녹차 부산물의 첨가가 육계의 성장과 체조성에 미치는 영향
12. 남은 음식물과 녹차 부산물의 산란계의 생산성 및 난 성분에 미치는 영향
13. 남은 음식물의 최적사료화를 위한 자가사료 배합프로그램 개발

Abstract ▼

Results and Extents of Research and Development
Development of ferment microbes and leftover food feeding through this study is so valuable result as a use of domestic natural resources. And the feeding mixture program uses leftover foods will be an effective method of recycling them. The major a

Results and Extents of Research and Development
Development of ferment microbes and leftover food feeding through this study is so valuable result as a use of domestic natural resources. And the feeding mixture program uses leftover foods will be an effective method of recycling them. The major advantage of the leftover food feeding is the cut down on the feeding expenses and improvement in the rate of dependence on imports of feeding.
The results of this study will help the facilities supported with much of budget by the ministry of environment, ministry of agriculture and forestry, and local provinces. And also it will help the factories to produce good feeding stuffs, which would meet the nutritional requirements for livestock. Bythe development of computerized program which will allow livestock farmers to buy the raw material, mix that by themselves, it will lead the cut down on the feeding expenses, improvement of production rate byreducing of feeding expenses and preparation of rational mixture rate. Not only the factories, which recycle the leftover foods, but the efforts to maximize the reducibility and availability by the spread and education of such program to the farmers, related.
A. Isolation of Effective Microorganism and Establishment of the Growth Optimal Condition
First, we attempted to isolate the effective microorganism originated from pig feces and soils. We identified B. subtilis, L.acidophilus, Str. faecium using biochemical method, and Aspergillus oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae which belong to yeast using slide culture method. The actieve L. acidophilus, B.subtilus and Str. faecium were harvested in the microaerophilic condition after 36 hrs cultivation, and Sa. cereviciae and As. oryzae were harvested after 8 hrs cultivation.
B. Establishment of Optimal Additive Level of Fermented Leftover Food Feed
The pig fed with 25% fermented leftover food and 10% protein addition in the feed showed high scores in the weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion rate compare to other groups. The carcass weight score was also high in the pig fed with 25% fermented leftover food and 10% protein addition in the feed. The addition of 25% fermented leftover food and 10% protein in the feed was the most economically effective when we analysed the feed cost and weight gain.
C. The Development of Optimal Cconditions for Effective Microorganisms Mixed Culture to Produce Mass Guantity.
We evaluated the viability of effective organisms in the various temperature conditions that need for during the process of feed production. The temperature of the process of feed production was not adequated to growth condition of effective microorganism.
So, we re-evaluated the viability of effective microorganisms after mixed with the feed at the room temperature. The effective microorganisms were able to maintain viability in the mixing process (culture) temperature (60℃)
D. Establishment of Optimal Additive Level of Effective Microorganisms in Fermented Leftover Food Feed
When we added effective microorganism 1-3% in leftover food feed for fattening prephase gilt, the feed conversion rate was improved. Weight gain of 1% additive group (28.33 kg) is better than that of control group (27.00kg). Feed efficiency of control group, 1% additive group, 2% additive group, 3% additive group was 2.77, 2.65, 2.65 and 2.68 respectively, and feed efficiency among 1, 2 and 3% additive groups was not significant different (P<0.05).
When we added effective microorganism 1-3% in leftover foood feed for fattening postphase gilt, weight gain of 2% additive group(23.78 kg) was better than that of control group. Feed requirement rate of control group, 1, 2 and 3% additive group was 3.56, 3.56, 3.39 and 3.49, respectively. No significant differences were detected between groups (P<0.05). This result suggested that addition of 2-3% effective microorganism can help feed requirement rate improved. In order to evaluate carcass score, we compared carcass weight, dressing percent and carcass grade of experimental pigs.
The carcass weight of 1% additive group (78.86 kg) and 2% additive group (79.14 kg) was higher than that of the other groups. The dressing percent of 1% additive group (75.41%) and 2% additive group (75.51%) was slightly higher than that of the other groups. There is no difference of carcass grade among the groups. We isolated B. subtilis, L. acidophilus, Str.faecium, A. oryzae and S. cerevisiae from the microflora of effective microorganism feeding group pigs, but B. subtilis, L. acidophilus and Str.faecium were isolated in control group.
E. Competitive Activity Measurement of Pathogenic Microorganism and Effective Microorganism
The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of microflora formed by effective microorganism after oral inoculation of Salmonella spp.
After inoculation, the body temperature was not significantly different between trial group and control group. The pigs in both groups did not showed severe diarrhea, however they showed a little soft feces. The total number of Enterobacteiceae and Salmonella spp. were counted in feces every day after inoculation. The total number of Enterobacteiceae in the feces was increased on day 1 and day 2 after inoculation. After this days, the number was decreased gradually till 8 days post-infection. And total number of Enterobacteiceae in both groups was not significant different.
In general, the pigs in both group shed Salmonella spp. for 8 days post-infection. The number Salmonella spp in feces in the trial group was higher than the control group during the first 2-3 days post-infection. However, they decreased more rapidly compare th the control group. The trial group pigs stoped the shedding after 5 days post-infection except one pig.
The result of postmortem examination, control group pigs showed obvious enlarged mesentric lymphnodes compared with trial group. Also, we isolated the Salmonella spp. in the mesentric lymphnodes, the control group had higher counts than that of trial group.
In microscope examination, villi of ileum, cecum and colon of control group are atrophied and fused together. Epithelial cells of tip crypts are necrotic and covered with fibrins. The lamina propria is infiltrated with many histiocytes and neutrophils.
In trial group, the severity of fusion and the number of infiltrated cells in lamina propria mucosae of ileum, cecum and colon was milder than those of control group. The most probable explanation for this effect of effective microorganism is that the effective microorganism in the microflora prevents from adhering the Salmonella spp. in intestine. So, the shedding of trial group was increased just after inoculation and decreased easily. This might also affect the number of Salmonella phagocyted by macrophage in the mesentric lymphnode. The effective microorganism in the microflora are believed to partially protected Sallmonella infection in digestive system.
F. Examination of Attractive Environmental Effect
We measured the concentration of amonia nitrogen in feces from both group pigs to examine the environmental effect of effective microorganism. The concentration of amonia nitrogen content in the trial group feces was lower than that of control group. It would seems likely that the effective microorganism and their enzymes produced in the microflora may berak down the uncompletly digested feed which cause to produce the amonia nitrogen.
G. Effects of Feeding Dried Leftover Food on Grouwth and Body Composition of Broiler Chicks
One hundred ninety-six of one-day old Ross broiler chicks were assigned to 7 treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment had four replications with seven chicks per replication. The treatments groups included control without DLF, dietary 10% level of DLF, dietary 20% level of DLF, and dietary 30% level of DLF, 5% higher protein level of diet containing 10% DLF, 10% higher protein level of diet containing 20% DLF and 15% higher protein level of diet containing 30% DLF. All chicks were fed experimental diets for 6 weeks. Body weight gain was slightly higher in control group than that of DLF-fed groups. However, there were no significant differences in body weight gain among those groups fed diets containing DLF. Increasing dietary level of DLF resulted in increasing feed intake. Feed conversion was not significantly different between groups fed diets containing 10% DLF. In general, increasing dietary level of DLF resulted in decreasing feed conversion.
H. Effects of Feeding Dried Leftover Food on Productivity of Laying Hens
One hundred sixty-eight, 18-week old Tetra brown commercial layers, were assigned to 7 treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment has four replications per treatment with six animals per replication. All the experimental animals were fed diets for 7 weeks. The treatments included 1) control group without DLF, 2) diet with 10% DLF, 3) diet with 20% DLF, 4) diet with 30% DLF, 5) 10% higher protein level of diet with 10% DLF, 6) 20% higher protein level of diet with 20% DLF and 7) 30% higher protein level of diet with 30% DLF. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) tended to be improved with DLF feeding. ADFI of group fed diets with 20% was significantly higher than that of control. Feed conversions of DLF-fed groups were higher than that of control. Egg production tended to be higher in a group fed diets with 10% DLF than control without significant differences. However, those of groups fed diets containing 20% and 30% DLF were lower than that of control. Supplementing protein to DLF-containing diets improved egg production.
I. Effect of Food Waste Feed and Probiotics on Growth performance and Body Composition in Broiler
The objective of this study was to determinate the effect of food waste with probiotic supplemented diets on growth performance and body composition in broiler chicks. One hundred ninety six (Ross 1 day old) broiler chicks were randomly allotted to seven treatments and raised in battery cages. As the results of the experiment the body weight gain was increased significantly in groups fed control+antibiotics supplemented diets, but there were no significant difference in weight gain of the chicks fed diets containing food waste with probiotic and antibiotic supplementations. The feed intake was increased significantly in a group fed a diet contatining food waste 15% with 0.5% probiotic supplementation but it was no significantly different for rest experimental groups. The feed efficiency was reduced significantly in broilers fed food waste with probiotic diets compared to groups fed control and antibiotic supplemented diets.
J. Effects of Food Wasts Feed and Probiotics Supplement on Productivity in Layer Chicks
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of food waste and probiotics supplementation on productive performance and egg composition of laying hens. Total 120 layers (Brown Tetran)22 weeks old were divided into five groups with 4 replicates for each treatment and raised in battery cage. The experimental design was completely randomized. The egg production rate was significantly increased in layer supplemented with 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% of probiotic supplemented diets compared to control. Haugh unit of the eggs was significantly increased in layers fed with 1.5% of probiotic-supplemented diet.
K. Effects of Leftover Food and Green Tea By-product Growth Performance and Body Composition in Broiler
The objective of this study was to determinate the effect of food waste with green tea by-product supplemented diets on growth performance and body composition in broiler chicks. Two hundred forty broiler chicks were divided into eight groups with 5 replicates for each treatment and raised in battery cage. As the results of the experiment the body weight gain was not increased significantly in groups fed leftover food supplemented diets, neither there were significant difference in weight gain of the chicks fed diets containing green tea by-product.
L. Effects of Dietary Leftover Food and Green Tea By-product on Productivity and Composition of Eggs in Laying Hens
One hundred sixty-eight commercial layers were assigned to 7 treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment has four replications per treatment with six animals per replication. The treatments included 1) control group without supplement, 2) diet with 10% DLF, 3) diet with 20% DLF, 4) diet with 30% DLF, 5) diet with 40% DLF, 6) control with 1% GTB, and 7) diet with 10% DLF and 1% GTB. Egg productin tended to be higher in a group 2, 3, 5 and lower in a group 4. Control group showed the lowest egg production rate. And as the age is increased, egg production rate tended to be lowered.
M. Development of Computer Program for Feed Formulation Using Food Waste Feed
A computer program which calculating feed formula was developed for utilizing food waste feed in the farm. This software is very simple and easy to use. The working procedure are consisted of three screens-input grouping code for ingredients, input nutrient contents of ingredients and formula calculation. In the nutrient contents input screen, kinds of nutrient can be added, modified and deleted differently for each data file, and each ingredient can be set to use or not in formulation. The LP(linear programming ) algorithm was used for calculation least cost formula and sensitivity analysis for ingredient prices and nutrient requirements. In the formula calculation screen, each ingredient amounts to be mixed can be calculated by input of needs of mixed feed. Nutrient table of ingredients, calculation results of formula and infeasible list can be printed out.

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제출문 ... 2
• 요약문 ... 3
• SUMMARY ... 12
• CONTENTS ... 23
• 목 차 ... 25
• 제 1장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 27
• 1. 연구개발의 필요성 ... 27
• 제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 29
• 제 3 장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 30
• 제 1 절 생물공학 활용 발효미생물 및 발효사료 생산시스템 개발 (협동연구과제: 제 1세부 과제) ... 30
• 1. 유용토착 미생물의 발굴 및 유용토착 미생물의 생물학적 특성 규명 ... 30
• 2. 혼합발효 미생물의 개발 및 최적조건확립 ... 30
• 3. 양돈사료에 남은 음식물 사료의 최적 첨가수준 규명 ... 30
• 4. 유용 미생물군 혼합배양 대량생산 최적조건 및 정제 방법개발 ... 42
• 5. 미생물 발효제제에 의한 육성․비육돈의 장내와 분변의 미생물 성상조사 ... 43
• 6. 양돈에서 발효균을 활용한 남은 음식물 발효사료의 최적첨가수준 규명 ... 46
• 6. 환경 친화적 효과 검토 ... 61
• 제 2 절 남은 음식물과 농수산 부산물을 활용한 사료와 배합프로그램 개발 (제 2세부과제) ... 63
• 1. 건조 남은 음식물의 첨가수준이 브로일러의 성장 및 체조성에 미치는 영향 ... 63
• 2. 건조 남은 음식물의 첨가수준이 산란계의 생산성에 미치는 영향 ... 78
• 3. 남은 음식물 사료와 생균제 첨가에 따른 육계의 성장 및 체조성에 미치는 영향 ... 88
• 4 남은 음식물 사료와 생균제가 산란계의 생산성에 미치는 영향 ... 101
• 5. 남은 음식물과 녹차 부산물의 첨가가 성장과 체조성에 미치는 영향 ... 117
• 6. 남은 음식물과 녹차 부산물의 산란계의 생산성 및 난 성분에 미치는 영향 ... 132
• 7. 유기성 폐기물의 최적 사료화를 위한 자가사료 배합 프로그램 개발 ... 151
• 제 4 장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 161
• 제 5 장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 163
• 제 1 절 타 가축의 사료로의 활용 ... 163
• 제 2 절 기업과 농가에 대한 컨설팅 활용 ... 163
• 제 6 장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 164
• 제 7 장 참고문헌 ... 166
• 끝페이지 ... 172